Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-14 |
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Research code: IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1403.138
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1403.138
Clinical trials code: IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1403.138
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Ghaedi F, Davoodi A, Naziri G, Samani S. Comparing the Effect of Positive and Negative Mood Induction on the Cognitive Functions of People with Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-14
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9070-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9070-en.html
1- PhD Candidate in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran ,azam.davoodi@iau.ac.ir
3- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
4- Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran ,
3- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
4- Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract: (384 Views)
Background & Aims: One of the most influential models defines perfectionism as a multidimensional personality trait, which includes adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, which itself has stable subscales (1).
Different components of perfectionism may be related to positive and negative aspects of mental health in different ways, such as maladaptive perfectionism being more associated with problems such as anxiety disorders (2). Adaptive perfectionism involves setting lofty goals and striving for rewards associated with success while maintaining the ability to be satisfied with performance. In fact, perfectionists tend to blame themselves for not achieving perfect results (3). Cognitive function refers to a variety of mental capacities, including thinking, reasoning, remembering, learning, problem solving, decision making, and attention. The dominant approach to measuring and conceptualizing cognitive function has been psychometrics, which began with efforts to quantify cognitive capacities. In other words, cognitive function includes a set of capacities that give an individual the ability to recognize, process, and respond to incoming information. One of the important cognitive functions is memory. Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and later recalled. Although memory is considered one of the indicators of intelligence; in fact, it is the main substrate of intelligence (4).
Methods: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all students at Payam Noor University in the center of Tehran in the academic year of 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 40 students who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two subgroups of people with adaptive perfectionism (20 people) and maladaptive perfectionism (20 people). Then the people of each subgroup were randomly placed in a situation that included negative mood induction and positive mood induction (10 people with positive mood induction, 10 people with negative mood induction). Subjects completed working memory tests (N-BACK) and Stroop tests before and after mood induction. Data was analyzed by two-way covariance analysis using SPSS-26 software.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that positive mood induction can improve working memory scores in people with adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, but positive mood induction has no significant effect on selective attention scores in people with adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism; on the other hand, the induction of negative mood can reduce the scores of working memory and selective attention in people with maladaptive perfectionism, but it does not affect people with adaptive perfectionism (p<0.05). On the other hand, it was shown that perfectionism has a moderating effect on the relationship between mood induction and selective attention (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that the personality trait of perfectionism can be considered to have a moderating role in relation to mood induction and selective attention. Therefore, the personality trait of perfectionism can be considered to have a moderating role in relation to mood induction and selective attention. This study, like other studies, faced some limitations, including that the present study was conducted on a sample of students at Payam Noor University in central Tehran, so caution should be observed in generalizing the results to other populations. It is suggested that future studies examine the effect of mood induction on other cognitive variables, such as other types of memory and cognitive flexibility. Also, given that cognitive theories believe that memory and attention bias in information processing play an important role in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. In the treatment of emotional disorders, by giving frequent feedback to the person with the disorder about how to process information, the patient can be actively involved in the treatment process and reminded of his or her important role in accelerating treatment.
Different components of perfectionism may be related to positive and negative aspects of mental health in different ways, such as maladaptive perfectionism being more associated with problems such as anxiety disorders (2). Adaptive perfectionism involves setting lofty goals and striving for rewards associated with success while maintaining the ability to be satisfied with performance. In fact, perfectionists tend to blame themselves for not achieving perfect results (3). Cognitive function refers to a variety of mental capacities, including thinking, reasoning, remembering, learning, problem solving, decision making, and attention. The dominant approach to measuring and conceptualizing cognitive function has been psychometrics, which began with efforts to quantify cognitive capacities. In other words, cognitive function includes a set of capacities that give an individual the ability to recognize, process, and respond to incoming information. One of the important cognitive functions is memory. Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and later recalled. Although memory is considered one of the indicators of intelligence; in fact, it is the main substrate of intelligence (4).
Methods: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all students at Payam Noor University in the center of Tehran in the academic year of 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 40 students who were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two subgroups of people with adaptive perfectionism (20 people) and maladaptive perfectionism (20 people). Then the people of each subgroup were randomly placed in a situation that included negative mood induction and positive mood induction (10 people with positive mood induction, 10 people with negative mood induction). Subjects completed working memory tests (N-BACK) and Stroop tests before and after mood induction. Data was analyzed by two-way covariance analysis using SPSS-26 software.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that positive mood induction can improve working memory scores in people with adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, but positive mood induction has no significant effect on selective attention scores in people with adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism; on the other hand, the induction of negative mood can reduce the scores of working memory and selective attention in people with maladaptive perfectionism, but it does not affect people with adaptive perfectionism (p<0.05). On the other hand, it was shown that perfectionism has a moderating effect on the relationship between mood induction and selective attention (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that the personality trait of perfectionism can be considered to have a moderating role in relation to mood induction and selective attention. Therefore, the personality trait of perfectionism can be considered to have a moderating role in relation to mood induction and selective attention. This study, like other studies, faced some limitations, including that the present study was conducted on a sample of students at Payam Noor University in central Tehran, so caution should be observed in generalizing the results to other populations. It is suggested that future studies examine the effect of mood induction on other cognitive variables, such as other types of memory and cognitive flexibility. Also, given that cognitive theories believe that memory and attention bias in information processing play an important role in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. In the treatment of emotional disorders, by giving frequent feedback to the person with the disorder about how to process information, the patient can be actively involved in the treatment process and reminded of his or her important role in accelerating treatment.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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