Volume 28, Issue 7 (10-2021)
RJMS 2021, 28(7): 100-109 |
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Research code: مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری است
Ethics code: IR.USB.REC.1400.076
Clinical trials code: مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری است
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Nazari R, kahrazaei F, sanagoy moharer G. The relationship between family functioning, social support, and socioeconomic status with homicidal violence. RJMS 2021; 28 (7) :100-109
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6688-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6688-en.html
Islamic Azad University , farhad_kahraz@ped.usb.ac.ir
Abstract: (2176 Views)
Background & Aims: Violence is one of the phenomena of social traumatic that has a date in length. Expanding the range of violence and aggression in Iranian society, especially in recent years, is considered one of the most serious social damages.
The violence and aggression are so prevalent that people in everyday life have adopted it. The purpose of this study was to link family performance, social support and socioeconomic status with violence. Numerous studies have dealt with extreme behaviors (violence) with family members as well as socioeconomic status. Family problems, including unemployment, low socioeconomic status and family instability are linked to violent behaviors; another factor contributing to violent disturbances and behaviors is lack of social support, researchers pointed out.
Social support is: acquisition of information, material assistance, design and advice, and emotional support from others, which are valuable to the individual as well as part of an individual’s social network, such as parents, wives, friends, and religious and social institutions. Researchers believe that relations are considered a social support that one can assess as a source of resources available to meet its needs. Sarafino (1998) revealed that people in support networks are less depressed, have better psychological health, and have less aggressive aggression and violence against relatives and others. Therefore, different approaches have been proposed to explain the causes of violence or aggression. Considering the different approaches to explaining criminology, traditional context and cultural context of Iranshahr city, the question that arises is whether there is a relationship between family functioning, social support and socio-economic status with violence that leads to murder?
Methods: For this study, 40 people were selected as examples to conduct research between males in Iranshahr County because of committing murder in prison; then, the assessment questionnaires of FAD Epstein, Baldwin and Bishab, 1983), related to perceived social support (Zimet, Dalm, Zimet and Farley, 1988), empowering socioeconomic status (2013) and aggression questionnaire (Bass and Perry, 1992) were distributed and collected between the subjects. SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that between family performance and its components (problem solving, communication, roles, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse and behavior control) with violence and its components (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility On the one hand, there is a high negative relationship between social support and its components with violence and its components (support received from family, support received from friends, support received from others) on the other hand. This means that by climbing the level of family performance and social support and their components, the extent of violence decreases and vice versa. It is also found that there is a significant correlation between socioeconomic status and its components.
Conclusion: Murder is one of the issues that have been studied in the humanities from different angles. History, sociology, psychology, law, criminology, and anthropology each study this subject with a particular view.
Therefore, it can be stated that the killing should be studied according to its broad social dimensions. It is considered as social diversion in the first place, as the observance of others ‘ rights is the norm, and the violation of others lives is the norm too, and on the other hand, murder can be viewed as a social reality. According to sociological theories, the controversy of the violence subculture claims that the culture of violence, assaults, and resorting to aggression is socially acknowledged, and the outcome is a provocation, and violence is a familiar component of struggle for life. The approach blamed the ethnic subculture as the main cause of the high murder rate in the poor neighborhoods. People in the neighborhood are linked to the pattern of violence offered by parents, peer and poor neighbors, taking part in a broad range of violent acts. Hence, violence in the way of life and the way of resolving issues of such individuals and not only the norm, but also deemed necessary and no one feels guilty about its aggression. The descriptive results of the study also emphasize the same. Because more than half of the convicts were killed with low education levels, low income, chaotic family and low age, the results showed that the level of the family performance and its components decreased and the level of violence and its components decreased.
Consistent with the findings of the present study, Khalili et al. (2011) in their study comparing family functioning status and mental health of murder offenders and ordinary people in Isfahan province concluded that there is a serious difference between the two groups in terms of family functioning. But in terms of mental health, they did not find any difference between the two groups. Therefore, they concluded that premeditated murder is more influenced by interpersonal communication variables than individual and personality variables.
Strobey et al. (2005) report on research that the higher the person receiving from the level of social support received by others is higher in the same proportion as mental health and less violent behavior. (Wales and Killery, quoted by Sohrabi and Najafi, 2008) showed in their research that social support acts as a shield against stress, depression and violence. Also, people who live in poor living conditions and with various socioeconomic problems have less support resources than people with better socioeconomic status and have lower expectations for their future, thus feeling they have nothing to lose and also they are more exposed to risky behaviors such as violence. As some studies pointed out that resource control and participation in community rewards provide unequal opportunities for individuals affecting their health – based behaviors. In general, one of the factors that cause the erosion of the feeling of security and traumatic for the community is the existence of the crime and the fields of its formation. Among the important causes in occurrence of crime, social and economic factors, and in the literature in this area, the main source of criminal and other anomalies and social deviations should be searched through the whole social life and the particular type of human relationships. According to the research results and the importance of controlling violence, it is suggested that the authorities increase social support by carefully planning the level of family functioning by using culture and proper education in order to reduce the violence that leads to murder. As well, measures should be taken to improve the economic situation.
The violence and aggression are so prevalent that people in everyday life have adopted it. The purpose of this study was to link family performance, social support and socioeconomic status with violence. Numerous studies have dealt with extreme behaviors (violence) with family members as well as socioeconomic status. Family problems, including unemployment, low socioeconomic status and family instability are linked to violent behaviors; another factor contributing to violent disturbances and behaviors is lack of social support, researchers pointed out.
Social support is: acquisition of information, material assistance, design and advice, and emotional support from others, which are valuable to the individual as well as part of an individual’s social network, such as parents, wives, friends, and religious and social institutions. Researchers believe that relations are considered a social support that one can assess as a source of resources available to meet its needs. Sarafino (1998) revealed that people in support networks are less depressed, have better psychological health, and have less aggressive aggression and violence against relatives and others. Therefore, different approaches have been proposed to explain the causes of violence or aggression. Considering the different approaches to explaining criminology, traditional context and cultural context of Iranshahr city, the question that arises is whether there is a relationship between family functioning, social support and socio-economic status with violence that leads to murder?
Methods: For this study, 40 people were selected as examples to conduct research between males in Iranshahr County because of committing murder in prison; then, the assessment questionnaires of FAD Epstein, Baldwin and Bishab, 1983), related to perceived social support (Zimet, Dalm, Zimet and Farley, 1988), empowering socioeconomic status (2013) and aggression questionnaire (Bass and Perry, 1992) were distributed and collected between the subjects. SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that between family performance and its components (problem solving, communication, roles, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse and behavior control) with violence and its components (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility On the one hand, there is a high negative relationship between social support and its components with violence and its components (support received from family, support received from friends, support received from others) on the other hand. This means that by climbing the level of family performance and social support and their components, the extent of violence decreases and vice versa. It is also found that there is a significant correlation between socioeconomic status and its components.
Conclusion: Murder is one of the issues that have been studied in the humanities from different angles. History, sociology, psychology, law, criminology, and anthropology each study this subject with a particular view.
Therefore, it can be stated that the killing should be studied according to its broad social dimensions. It is considered as social diversion in the first place, as the observance of others ‘ rights is the norm, and the violation of others lives is the norm too, and on the other hand, murder can be viewed as a social reality. According to sociological theories, the controversy of the violence subculture claims that the culture of violence, assaults, and resorting to aggression is socially acknowledged, and the outcome is a provocation, and violence is a familiar component of struggle for life. The approach blamed the ethnic subculture as the main cause of the high murder rate in the poor neighborhoods. People in the neighborhood are linked to the pattern of violence offered by parents, peer and poor neighbors, taking part in a broad range of violent acts. Hence, violence in the way of life and the way of resolving issues of such individuals and not only the norm, but also deemed necessary and no one feels guilty about its aggression. The descriptive results of the study also emphasize the same. Because more than half of the convicts were killed with low education levels, low income, chaotic family and low age, the results showed that the level of the family performance and its components decreased and the level of violence and its components decreased.
Consistent with the findings of the present study, Khalili et al. (2011) in their study comparing family functioning status and mental health of murder offenders and ordinary people in Isfahan province concluded that there is a serious difference between the two groups in terms of family functioning. But in terms of mental health, they did not find any difference between the two groups. Therefore, they concluded that premeditated murder is more influenced by interpersonal communication variables than individual and personality variables.
Strobey et al. (2005) report on research that the higher the person receiving from the level of social support received by others is higher in the same proportion as mental health and less violent behavior. (Wales and Killery, quoted by Sohrabi and Najafi, 2008) showed in their research that social support acts as a shield against stress, depression and violence. Also, people who live in poor living conditions and with various socioeconomic problems have less support resources than people with better socioeconomic status and have lower expectations for their future, thus feeling they have nothing to lose and also they are more exposed to risky behaviors such as violence. As some studies pointed out that resource control and participation in community rewards provide unequal opportunities for individuals affecting their health – based behaviors. In general, one of the factors that cause the erosion of the feeling of security and traumatic for the community is the existence of the crime and the fields of its formation. Among the important causes in occurrence of crime, social and economic factors, and in the literature in this area, the main source of criminal and other anomalies and social deviations should be searched through the whole social life and the particular type of human relationships. According to the research results and the importance of controlling violence, it is suggested that the authorities increase social support by carefully planning the level of family functioning by using culture and proper education in order to reduce the violence that leads to murder. As well, measures should be taken to improve the economic situation.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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