Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-14 |
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Research code: 01
Ethics code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1402.097
Clinical trials code: 01
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Dolati Z, Nyusha B, Shaterian Mohammadi F. Developing a Structural Model of Psychological Well-Being Through Daring with the Mediating Role of Risk Perception in Those Discharged from the Hospital Due to Covid-19 in Tehran. RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-14
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8754-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8754-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran , Beheshteh-niusha@yahoo.com
Abstract: (358 Views)
Bakcground & Aims: Despite numerous studies emphasizing the relationship between risk perception and psychological well-being, it seems that the role of risk perception as a mediating factor between assertiveness and psychological well-being is clear and important. Therefore, this important issue has significantly increased studies on the impact of this virus on risk perception during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical and mental health behavior is a fluctuating response to stressful events and depends on multiple factors. On the one hand, individuals differ in their sensitivity to threats and resilience and attribute different meanings to life challenges. In light of the above, an emerging body of psychological research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated changes in daily life are also associated with increased psychological distress. Therefore, a balanced approach to risk communication and public health messaging is essential, both in the context of the current pandemic and during future pandemics. In addition to promoting public awareness of the physical health risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, to maintain rational risk perceptions and compliance with government guidelines, political and public health authorities should also promote mental health and well-being by providing reassurance, adaptive coping strategies, and appropriate interventions, and helping people manage their concerns. According to the studies conducted by the researcher, although recent studies have measured individual, interpersonal, and social factors in relation to psychological well-being and there were numerous correlations between
some variables of the present study, but regarding the mediating variable (perception of risk) and its indirect effect on the variables studied in this study, despite the necessary and sufficient investigations, few studies were found, which did not clearly explain the relationships drawn. Also, regarding the variable of assertiveness, there was not much direct research processing, including those related to the perception of the risk of COVID-19, hence this research gap is felt. As a result, this study can be a scientific basis for future researchers. On the other hand, given that the components of the present study have not been studied simultaneously in the COVID-19 disease and the form of a structural equation model, therefore, from both an applied and research method perspective, the results of this study can be considered a preliminary basis for examining and identifying factors affecting viral diseases and leading to the design of studies for scientific findings in their society. Therefore, it seems that paying attention to the emergence of a positive approach to psychological well-being has attracted the attention of scientific communities. Thus, in the present study, the researcher seeks to answer the main question of whether the psychological well-being model based on assertiveness has an appropriate fit with the indirect effect of risk perception in those discharged from the hospital due to COVID-19 in Tehran.
Methods: The methodology of this study was structural equation modeling, and the statistical population included all individuals discharged from Tehran hospitals due to COVID-19 in the period 2021-2022. From this population, 400 individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using the short form of the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reif, 1989), the Assertiveness Questionnaire (Gambrill and Ritchie. 1975), and the Risk Perception Questionnaire (Ding et al., 2020). Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method in AMOS 24 and SPSS 26 software.
Results: The results of the study showed that the variable of assertiveness has a direct and significant effect on psychological well-being and risk perception, and their significance level for assertiveness on psychological well-being was calculated to be 0.000 and less than 0.05, and the significance level of assertiveness on risk perception was calculated to be 0.000 and less than 0.05, respectively. The effect of risk perception on psychological well-being was also reported at a significance level of 0.016 and less than 0.05. Finally, given that the significance level of the test (0.00) was obtained less than the error level of 0.05, the mediation effect of risk perception in the relationship between assertiveness and psychological well-being was also confirmed, and 18 percent of the effects of assertiveness on psychological well-being were entered through mediation.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that assertiveness and risk perception improve psychological well-being. Therefore, considering the importance of the effect of assertiveness on psychological well-being, considering the capacity of risk perception, the effect of the aforementioned variable on improving psychological well-being can be considered important and used in improving viral diseases such as COVID-19. It is suggested that strengthening information and risk perception, followed by participation in disease prevention, is a fundamental goal for educational staff in health emergencies. However, future research should use several options to better master the conceptual scope of this construct. To better understand the role of this variable and its specific characteristics, they should examine the role of different digital media channels in searching for the information needed to understand the appropriate risk. The sample of this study was not balanced by gender. Therefore, future studies should examine the specific and combined contribution of demographic variables for patients. It is suggested that to prepare society for possible epidemics in the coming years and to avoid taking the population by surprise, psychological variables affected by such diseases that are closely related to physical health should be the focus of education in psychology workshops and even in the course materials of psychology students and medical centers.
some variables of the present study, but regarding the mediating variable (perception of risk) and its indirect effect on the variables studied in this study, despite the necessary and sufficient investigations, few studies were found, which did not clearly explain the relationships drawn. Also, regarding the variable of assertiveness, there was not much direct research processing, including those related to the perception of the risk of COVID-19, hence this research gap is felt. As a result, this study can be a scientific basis for future researchers. On the other hand, given that the components of the present study have not been studied simultaneously in the COVID-19 disease and the form of a structural equation model, therefore, from both an applied and research method perspective, the results of this study can be considered a preliminary basis for examining and identifying factors affecting viral diseases and leading to the design of studies for scientific findings in their society. Therefore, it seems that paying attention to the emergence of a positive approach to psychological well-being has attracted the attention of scientific communities. Thus, in the present study, the researcher seeks to answer the main question of whether the psychological well-being model based on assertiveness has an appropriate fit with the indirect effect of risk perception in those discharged from the hospital due to COVID-19 in Tehran.
Methods: The methodology of this study was structural equation modeling, and the statistical population included all individuals discharged from Tehran hospitals due to COVID-19 in the period 2021-2022. From this population, 400 individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using the short form of the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reif, 1989), the Assertiveness Questionnaire (Gambrill and Ritchie. 1975), and the Risk Perception Questionnaire (Ding et al., 2020). Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method in AMOS 24 and SPSS 26 software.
Results: The results of the study showed that the variable of assertiveness has a direct and significant effect on psychological well-being and risk perception, and their significance level for assertiveness on psychological well-being was calculated to be 0.000 and less than 0.05, and the significance level of assertiveness on risk perception was calculated to be 0.000 and less than 0.05, respectively. The effect of risk perception on psychological well-being was also reported at a significance level of 0.016 and less than 0.05. Finally, given that the significance level of the test (0.00) was obtained less than the error level of 0.05, the mediation effect of risk perception in the relationship between assertiveness and psychological well-being was also confirmed, and 18 percent of the effects of assertiveness on psychological well-being were entered through mediation.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that assertiveness and risk perception improve psychological well-being. Therefore, considering the importance of the effect of assertiveness on psychological well-being, considering the capacity of risk perception, the effect of the aforementioned variable on improving psychological well-being can be considered important and used in improving viral diseases such as COVID-19. It is suggested that strengthening information and risk perception, followed by participation in disease prevention, is a fundamental goal for educational staff in health emergencies. However, future research should use several options to better master the conceptual scope of this construct. To better understand the role of this variable and its specific characteristics, they should examine the role of different digital media channels in searching for the information needed to understand the appropriate risk. The sample of this study was not balanced by gender. Therefore, future studies should examine the specific and combined contribution of demographic variables for patients. It is suggested that to prepare society for possible epidemics in the coming years and to avoid taking the population by surprise, psychological variables affected by such diseases that are closely related to physical health should be the focus of education in psychology workshops and even in the course materials of psychology students and medical centers.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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