Volume 26, Issue 7 (10-2019)
RJMS 2019, 26(7): 149-159 |
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Research code: 01
Ethics code: 01
Clinical trials code: 01
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Khalil pour A, Zarei A, Nikaeen Z, Sadjadi Hezaveh S H. Modeling the Impact of Pleasure, Happiness, and Social Needs on Mental Health with the Moderating Role of Sport Favors and Media Use. RJMS 2019; 26 (7) :149-159
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8717-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8717-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of sport management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Central Teh-ran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , dr_alizarei@yahoo.com
Abstract: (16584 Views)
Background & Aims: Watching sports events on television or the Internet (such as watching a sports game) constitutes an important part of the public's leisure time and is an important part of the sports industry and a major source of marketing revenue for sports organizations. Much research is available on the psychological process associated with the well-being benefits (or risks) of watching sporting events. However our understanding of the well-being of sports spectators is limited, in-depth knowledge about the mechanism of improving well-being and the causal factors affecting the well-being of spectators is limited. Watching sports matches can be considered as an activity that potentially satisfies the psychological and well-being needs of a person. However, no study has yet been conducted to investigate the satisfaction of the need and welfare benefits of watching sports events, so an empirical investigation of the issue is necessary. Identifying the factors (such as sports fandom, and media use environment) affecting the degree of satisfaction of needs and the welfare benefits obtained from watching sports matches also provides deep knowledge and awareness about this issue. However, the excitement and improvement of cultural indicators along with the formation of public opinions about various social issues. Healthy media can help the development of the country with their work of informing, educating, and guiding, and the development of the country also helps the health of the media as much as possible in a reciprocal relationship. The media is a framework where different thoughts and ideas meet and new ideas are created from their collision and mixing. Television plays a big role compared to other mass media due to the wide coverage level of the audience. Because every person is enthusiastic, passionate, and has mental health towards his attachment. People from different walks of life are interested in watching TV sports programs from all over the world. The aim of the current research is to present the model of the effect of pleasure, happiness, and social needs on mental health: the moderating role of sports fandom and the type of media consumption.
Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of strategy, and correlative in terms of implementation path. The statistical population of this research is the spectators of sports events, who follow the events through the media. In this research, the people who watched the Asian Nations Cup (2019) in the UAE were selected as the statistical population of the present study, who were selected by the available sampling method. To estimate the sample size, SPSS Sample Power software was used, and the sample size was estimated to be 370 people. To collect data, the questionnaire of Kim et al. (2018) was used. This 26-question questionnaire includes pleasure from watching matches (6 questions), happiness from watching matches (5 questions), fulfillment of social needs caused by broadcasting sports matches (3 questions), mental health (4 questions), and sports fans (3 questions). ) and evaluates the type of media consumption (5 questions). Confirmatory factor analysis and research effects and moderating role were analyzed at a 5% error level using Smart PLS software version 2.3.6.
Results: Table 1 shows factor loadings (λ) for each of the indicators (manifest variables). The values of the factor loadings of the research items, respectively, for the variable of enjoyment of watching sports matches between 0.679 and 0.934, happiness from watching sports matches 0.663 and 0.814, social needs caused by broadcasting sports matches 0.868 and 0.919 0, mental health 0.847 and 0.904, and finally for the sports fan variable fluctuates 0.876 and 0.907, which shows that these values are above the threshold (expected value) of 0.4. Therefore, the tendency of convergence is established in the mentioned variables. Also, Cronbach's alpha and reliability values were greater than the recommended value of 0.7, in addition, all the extracted mean variance values were above the recommended standard and exceeded the minimum value of 0.50. Therefore, it can be said that the confirmatory factor analysis measurement model of the research variables has an acceptable fit. The results showed that the variables of pleasure, happiness, and social needs have an effect on mental health.
Conclusion: The results showed that sports fandom plays a moderating role between the joy of watching sports matches and mental health, but the type of media consumption does not play a moderating role between the joy of watching sports matches and mental health. Expressing the joy of watching sports competitions has a direct effect on the mental health and emotions of the spectators, in this regard, the reasons for being aligned can be considered to be the existence of a common tool and also a common statistical population. Much has been published about the physical benefits of exercise and an active lifestyle. But apart from physical effects, exercise has many positive psychological effects. During exercise, the release of some hormones and neurotransmitters increases, which can result in a feeling of vitality and euphoria after exercise. Also, exercise increases stress tolerance and reduces anger expression. Exercise helps in the treatment of mild depression and anxiety. The fact is that watching sports and supporting a team can have positive effects on people's mental health. In any case, following sports competitions somehow turns people's attention from the hard daily life to a fun activity and can reduce tension. One of the characteristics of watching matches is the excitement and screaming and shouting that people have while watching matches, which has positive effects and besides reducing tension, especially in young men, it also reduces the risk of violence. In general, watching sports matches can be considered a useful and joyful excitement, and this joy continues more when the favorite team wins the match.
Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of strategy, and correlative in terms of implementation path. The statistical population of this research is the spectators of sports events, who follow the events through the media. In this research, the people who watched the Asian Nations Cup (2019) in the UAE were selected as the statistical population of the present study, who were selected by the available sampling method. To estimate the sample size, SPSS Sample Power software was used, and the sample size was estimated to be 370 people. To collect data, the questionnaire of Kim et al. (2018) was used. This 26-question questionnaire includes pleasure from watching matches (6 questions), happiness from watching matches (5 questions), fulfillment of social needs caused by broadcasting sports matches (3 questions), mental health (4 questions), and sports fans (3 questions). ) and evaluates the type of media consumption (5 questions). Confirmatory factor analysis and research effects and moderating role were analyzed at a 5% error level using Smart PLS software version 2.3.6.
Results: Table 1 shows factor loadings (λ) for each of the indicators (manifest variables). The values of the factor loadings of the research items, respectively, for the variable of enjoyment of watching sports matches between 0.679 and 0.934, happiness from watching sports matches 0.663 and 0.814, social needs caused by broadcasting sports matches 0.868 and 0.919 0, mental health 0.847 and 0.904, and finally for the sports fan variable fluctuates 0.876 and 0.907, which shows that these values are above the threshold (expected value) of 0.4. Therefore, the tendency of convergence is established in the mentioned variables. Also, Cronbach's alpha and reliability values were greater than the recommended value of 0.7, in addition, all the extracted mean variance values were above the recommended standard and exceeded the minimum value of 0.50. Therefore, it can be said that the confirmatory factor analysis measurement model of the research variables has an acceptable fit. The results showed that the variables of pleasure, happiness, and social needs have an effect on mental health.
Conclusion: The results showed that sports fandom plays a moderating role between the joy of watching sports matches and mental health, but the type of media consumption does not play a moderating role between the joy of watching sports matches and mental health. Expressing the joy of watching sports competitions has a direct effect on the mental health and emotions of the spectators, in this regard, the reasons for being aligned can be considered to be the existence of a common tool and also a common statistical population. Much has been published about the physical benefits of exercise and an active lifestyle. But apart from physical effects, exercise has many positive psychological effects. During exercise, the release of some hormones and neurotransmitters increases, which can result in a feeling of vitality and euphoria after exercise. Also, exercise increases stress tolerance and reduces anger expression. Exercise helps in the treatment of mild depression and anxiety. The fact is that watching sports and supporting a team can have positive effects on people's mental health. In any case, following sports competitions somehow turns people's attention from the hard daily life to a fun activity and can reduce tension. One of the characteristics of watching matches is the excitement and screaming and shouting that people have while watching matches, which has positive effects and besides reducing tension, especially in young men, it also reduces the risk of violence. In general, watching sports matches can be considered a useful and joyful excitement, and this joy continues more when the favorite team wins the match.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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