Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-10 |
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Research code: 0
Ethics code: IR.IAU.QOM.REC.1402.083
Clinical trials code: 0
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Hajhasani Z, Janbozorgi M. Prediction of Anxiety based on Psychological and Spiritual Development and Spiritual Health with the Mediation of Psychological Well-Being in Students. RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-10
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8572-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8572-en.html
Professor, Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Howzeh and University, Qom, Iran , janbozorgimasoud01@gmail.com
Abstract: (130 Views)
Background & Aims: Entering university is one of the most important milestones in a student's life. However, this stage of student life is often characterized by common problems related to mental health, such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and eating disorders, among others. Hence, in a meta-analysis of 89 studies with 1,441,828 higher education students, a prevalence of 34% and 32% reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Another meta-analysis including evidence from 15 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic found that 31.2% of college students had depressive symptoms and 39.4% had anxiety symptoms. Anxiety symptoms in students significantly affect their quality of life and their ability to adapt and cope with new situations. These symptoms may also lead to broader negative outcomes such as poor social development, isolation, drug use, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide. Considering the destructive effect of anxiety on students' performance and future, it seems necessary to identify and investigate various factors that have an effective relationship with it. Spirituality and religion are important areas of human life that have attracted the attention of psychological researchers due to their potential effects on mental health. Religious beliefs and spirituality can help strengthen a personal sense of hope and meaning in life. In addition, they can contribute to mental health and its consequences such as depression and positive anxiety through mechanisms such as religious ethics, religious coping, and social communication due to shared beliefs. Spirituality is a powerful source that is considered a serious obstacle in dealing with mental stress and anxiety and when spiritual health faces a serious threat, a person may experience mental disorders such as feeling alone, anxiety, and losing the meaning of life. Spiritual health is one of the vital aspects of health. It plays an important role in adapting to stress and has a positive effect on improving mental health and managing psychiatric disorders. This research aims to determine the relationship between psychological and spiritual development and spiritual health with anxiety through the mediation of psychological well-being.
Methods: The descriptive research method was of the correlation type using the structural equation approach. The statistical population of the research was all the students of Islamic Azad University Qom Branch in the academic year 2022-2023, in the number of 9720 people, of which 380 people were selected by the available sampling method. Questionnaires of psychological-spiritual transformation scale, spiritual health scale, short form of psychological well-being questionnaire Riff and Kettle's anxiety scale were completed. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model approach using SPSS version 26 and SmartPls version 3 software.
Results: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit, and the results of the modeling show that there is a significant and negative relationship between mental and spiritual development, spiritual health, and anxiety. Also, psychological and spiritual development and spiritual health affect anxiety through psychological well-being.
Conclusion: In line with the current research, the negative relationship between psychological well-being and anxiety has been confirmed in several studies. The significant point in this research is the mediating role of psychological well-being in the relationship between the level of psychological and spiritual development and spiritual health with anxiety. According to this finding, psychological well-being is an important factor in explaining the effect of spiritual health and psychological and spiritual development on anxiety. This means that the mediating role of psychological well-being makes the presented model stronger. In other words, it strengthens the effect of spiritual health and the level of psychological and spiritual development on reducing anxiety. The concept of psychological well-being with the concepts of optimal performance, purposeful action, the flourishing of one's capabilities, regulation of behavior, coherence, balance, understanding existential challenges, meaningful life, and seeking excellence. As can be seen, these concepts are similar to the variables that are targeted in spiritual interventions; Therefore, in explaining the mediating role of psychological well-being, it seems to improve the levels of psychological and spiritual development and increase spiritual health by increasing people's connection with the purpose, value and meaning of actions and life in general, to distance from fears and doubts, increase meaningful thinking and action. purposeful and valuable, increasing ideological choices, forming identity, creating balance, and increasing coherence and unity leads to reducing anxiety; Therefore, the importance of this finding is determined when it seems that the interventions that are designed and implemented to increase spiritual health and increase the level of psychological and spiritual development, it is necessary to put the promotion of psychological well-being and its related concepts in their agenda. The results of the article showed that the mediating role of psychological well-being made the presented model stronger, and in other words, it strengthened the effect of spiritual health and the level of psychological and spiritual development on reducing students' anxiety. Therefore, strengthening psychological well-being improves psychological-spiritual transformation and spiritual health, thus reducing the individual's anxiety.
Methods: The descriptive research method was of the correlation type using the structural equation approach. The statistical population of the research was all the students of Islamic Azad University Qom Branch in the academic year 2022-2023, in the number of 9720 people, of which 380 people were selected by the available sampling method. Questionnaires of psychological-spiritual transformation scale, spiritual health scale, short form of psychological well-being questionnaire Riff and Kettle's anxiety scale were completed. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model approach using SPSS version 26 and SmartPls version 3 software.
Results: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit, and the results of the modeling show that there is a significant and negative relationship between mental and spiritual development, spiritual health, and anxiety. Also, psychological and spiritual development and spiritual health affect anxiety through psychological well-being.
Conclusion: In line with the current research, the negative relationship between psychological well-being and anxiety has been confirmed in several studies. The significant point in this research is the mediating role of psychological well-being in the relationship between the level of psychological and spiritual development and spiritual health with anxiety. According to this finding, psychological well-being is an important factor in explaining the effect of spiritual health and psychological and spiritual development on anxiety. This means that the mediating role of psychological well-being makes the presented model stronger. In other words, it strengthens the effect of spiritual health and the level of psychological and spiritual development on reducing anxiety. The concept of psychological well-being with the concepts of optimal performance, purposeful action, the flourishing of one's capabilities, regulation of behavior, coherence, balance, understanding existential challenges, meaningful life, and seeking excellence. As can be seen, these concepts are similar to the variables that are targeted in spiritual interventions; Therefore, in explaining the mediating role of psychological well-being, it seems to improve the levels of psychological and spiritual development and increase spiritual health by increasing people's connection with the purpose, value and meaning of actions and life in general, to distance from fears and doubts, increase meaningful thinking and action. purposeful and valuable, increasing ideological choices, forming identity, creating balance, and increasing coherence and unity leads to reducing anxiety; Therefore, the importance of this finding is determined when it seems that the interventions that are designed and implemented to increase spiritual health and increase the level of psychological and spiritual development, it is necessary to put the promotion of psychological well-being and its related concepts in their agenda. The results of the article showed that the mediating role of psychological well-being made the presented model stronger, and in other words, it strengthened the effect of spiritual health and the level of psychological and spiritual development on reducing students' anxiety. Therefore, strengthening psychological well-being improves psychological-spiritual transformation and spiritual health, thus reducing the individual's anxiety.
Keywords: Psychological and Spiritual Development, Spiritual Health, Psychological Well-Being, Anxiety.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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