Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-12 |
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Research code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.154
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.154
Clinical trials code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.154
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Saadat R, Dortaj F, Ghaemi F, Nasrollahi B. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Greentherapy on Discretion and Executive Functions in Hyperactive Children. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-12
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7873-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7873-en.html
Professor of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran , f_dortaj@yahoo.com
Abstract: (234 Views)
Background & Aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a developmental behavioral disorder. Usually, the child does not have the ability to pay attention and concentrate on a subject, learning is slow in him and the child has unusual and very high physical activity. This disorder is associated with lack of attention, excessive activity, impulsive behaviors, or a combination of these cases (5). According to the above, choosing a preventive intervention program in order to achieve a specific goal with minimal risk is always considered by researchers and experts (6). Therefore, the decision-making core of the decision-making program includes a wide set of complex processes, such as inference, choosing an alternative with the highest level of benefit or making social and moral decisions (7).
Distraction theory is related to cognitive processes, such as decision making. According to research on distraction theory, pressure causes mental distraction, which reduces work (10). On the other hand, among different actions, executive actions are actions that have in common the voluntary control of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. This mastery is aimed at the goal and requires effort and the use of mental forces. Executive functions are generally defined as neurological processes that mediate problem-solving skills as well as independent and goal-oriented behaviors and are the basis of many cognitive, emotional and social skills (11).
There are various programs to reduce symptoms of hyperactivity, and today green therapy is mentioned as one of the best treatments for hyperactivity. This treatment relies heavily on the parents' support and aims to reduce symptoms by referring to parenting and making changes in the child's lifestyle. In this regard, one of the appropriate and effective psychological interventions to reduce the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children suffering from this disorder is the treatment method based on the child-parent relationship. And they have provided recognition of attention deficit/hyperactivity for fathers and mothers and teach them what communication, behavioral and emotional skills to use for children (20).
According to the above, the lack of research on the topic on the one hand and the importance of discovering a method to improve the decision-making power and executive performance of hyperactive children, it seems necessary to conduct the present research. To answer this research question, can green therapy have an effect on decision-making power and executive performance in hyperactive children?
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, to conduct this research among hyperactive students aged 7-9 in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401, who were diagnosed with hyperactivity using Conner's test. were selected by the available method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15) and control (16 people) and were evaluated by the Kentab cognitive test. The parents of the experimental group were also trained. In continuation and after the pre-test, children received the intervention for 9 sessions of 60 minutes (2 sessions per week) in virtual form and sometimes in person according to the conditions of Corona, and after the completion of the intervention, each dog was evaluated by the test again. They got a fever. To analyze the collected data, Mankova test was used using spss22 software.
Results: The results of examining the effect of the Wilks lambda test (multivariate effect) showed that the Wilks lambda is equal to 0.158 and the F value is equal to 13.74, which is significant at the confidence level of at least 95% (p<0.05), which shows the effect of The intervention is significant on at least one dependent variable (component of the decision-making test). The results of the analysis of covariance with the aim of investigating the effect of the intervention on the 7 components of the decision-making test showed that the green treatment intervention was effective on 4 components of the total 7 components of the decision-making test (p<0.05). The effect size (eta coefficient) shows the impact of the intervention on the dependent variables. The comparison of the obtained effect sizes showed that the intervention of green therapy has the greatest effect on the IST-Errors component with a coefficient of 0.63. The results showed that the intervention of green therapy improved the scores of the subjects in four components out of seven components of the decision-making test (Table 3). The results of examining the effect of the Wilks's lambda test (multivariate effect) showed that the Wilks's lambda is equal to 0.108 and the F value is equal to 7.51, which is significant at the confidence level of at least 95% (p<0.05), which shows the effect of The intervention is significant on at least one dependent variable (executive performance test component). Also, the results of the analysis of covariance with the aim of investigating the effect of the intervention on the 11 components of the executive performance test showed that the green treatment intervention was effective on 5 components out of the total of 11 components of the executive performance test (p<0.05). The effect size (eta coefficient) shows the impact of the intervention on the dependent variables. The comparison of the obtained effect sizes showed that the green treatment intervention has the greatest effect on the IED-Total errors component with a coefficient of 0.681 (Table 4). The results showed that the intervention of green therapy improved the scores of the subjects in five of the eleven components of the executive performance test (Table 5).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated a significant improvement in executive function and decision-making power in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder after practicing executive functions. Kim et al showed that training of executive functions based on daily life is effective on response inhibition, self-motivation, self-organization and time management of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Captain Eleg's cognitive rehabilitation is effective in improving children's working memory (16) The development of motor control has long been considered as a treatment for poor communication skills such as perception and cognition. Response inhibition and sustained attention is one of the most important executive functions because response inhibition is the ability to think, evaluate the situation and conduct before action (22). Executive functions are necessary for compromise and goal-oriented behavior and are guided by the frontal lobes. In particular, the prefrontal cortex is related to working memory, the ability to inhibit inappropriate actions, and cognitive and emotional control. The ability to inhibit an irrelevant response is considered one of the most important executive functions and is directly related to the goal-oriented behavior of self-discipline (23).
Distraction theory is related to cognitive processes, such as decision making. According to research on distraction theory, pressure causes mental distraction, which reduces work (10). On the other hand, among different actions, executive actions are actions that have in common the voluntary control of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. This mastery is aimed at the goal and requires effort and the use of mental forces. Executive functions are generally defined as neurological processes that mediate problem-solving skills as well as independent and goal-oriented behaviors and are the basis of many cognitive, emotional and social skills (11).
There are various programs to reduce symptoms of hyperactivity, and today green therapy is mentioned as one of the best treatments for hyperactivity. This treatment relies heavily on the parents' support and aims to reduce symptoms by referring to parenting and making changes in the child's lifestyle. In this regard, one of the appropriate and effective psychological interventions to reduce the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children suffering from this disorder is the treatment method based on the child-parent relationship. And they have provided recognition of attention deficit/hyperactivity for fathers and mothers and teach them what communication, behavioral and emotional skills to use for children (20).
According to the above, the lack of research on the topic on the one hand and the importance of discovering a method to improve the decision-making power and executive performance of hyperactive children, it seems necessary to conduct the present research. To answer this research question, can green therapy have an effect on decision-making power and executive performance in hyperactive children?
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, to conduct this research among hyperactive students aged 7-9 in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401, who were diagnosed with hyperactivity using Conner's test. were selected by the available method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15) and control (16 people) and were evaluated by the Kentab cognitive test. The parents of the experimental group were also trained. In continuation and after the pre-test, children received the intervention for 9 sessions of 60 minutes (2 sessions per week) in virtual form and sometimes in person according to the conditions of Corona, and after the completion of the intervention, each dog was evaluated by the test again. They got a fever. To analyze the collected data, Mankova test was used using spss22 software.
Results: The results of examining the effect of the Wilks lambda test (multivariate effect) showed that the Wilks lambda is equal to 0.158 and the F value is equal to 13.74, which is significant at the confidence level of at least 95% (p<0.05), which shows the effect of The intervention is significant on at least one dependent variable (component of the decision-making test). The results of the analysis of covariance with the aim of investigating the effect of the intervention on the 7 components of the decision-making test showed that the green treatment intervention was effective on 4 components of the total 7 components of the decision-making test (p<0.05). The effect size (eta coefficient) shows the impact of the intervention on the dependent variables. The comparison of the obtained effect sizes showed that the intervention of green therapy has the greatest effect on the IST-Errors component with a coefficient of 0.63. The results showed that the intervention of green therapy improved the scores of the subjects in four components out of seven components of the decision-making test (Table 3). The results of examining the effect of the Wilks's lambda test (multivariate effect) showed that the Wilks's lambda is equal to 0.108 and the F value is equal to 7.51, which is significant at the confidence level of at least 95% (p<0.05), which shows the effect of The intervention is significant on at least one dependent variable (executive performance test component). Also, the results of the analysis of covariance with the aim of investigating the effect of the intervention on the 11 components of the executive performance test showed that the green treatment intervention was effective on 5 components out of the total of 11 components of the executive performance test (p<0.05). The effect size (eta coefficient) shows the impact of the intervention on the dependent variables. The comparison of the obtained effect sizes showed that the green treatment intervention has the greatest effect on the IED-Total errors component with a coefficient of 0.681 (Table 4). The results showed that the intervention of green therapy improved the scores of the subjects in five of the eleven components of the executive performance test (Table 5).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated a significant improvement in executive function and decision-making power in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder after practicing executive functions. Kim et al showed that training of executive functions based on daily life is effective on response inhibition, self-motivation, self-organization and time management of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Captain Eleg's cognitive rehabilitation is effective in improving children's working memory (16) The development of motor control has long been considered as a treatment for poor communication skills such as perception and cognition. Response inhibition and sustained attention is one of the most important executive functions because response inhibition is the ability to think, evaluate the situation and conduct before action (22). Executive functions are necessary for compromise and goal-oriented behavior and are guided by the frontal lobes. In particular, the prefrontal cortex is related to working memory, the ability to inhibit inappropriate actions, and cognitive and emotional control. The ability to inhibit an irrelevant response is considered one of the most important executive functions and is directly related to the goal-oriented behavior of self-discipline (23).
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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