Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-9 |
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Research code: مقاله حاصل ازپایان نامه است
Ethics code: (IR.IAU.ARAK.REC).1399.009
Clinical trials code: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی نمی باشد
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Kadhim Alwali A, Mohajerani H R, Amini K. Antioxidant Effect of Probiotic Use During Pregnancy and Lactation by Mother and then Offspring in the Model of Acute Stress in Adult Female Balb/c mice. RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-9
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7541-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7541-en.html
Assistant Professor, Research, Design and Manufacture of Quantum Systems, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, & Applied Neuroscience Ccenter, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran , hr-mohajerani@iau-arak.ac.ir
Abstract: (615 Views)
Background & Aims: A number of clinical studies have shown that probiotics affect mental health and brain function by acting through the intestinal and brain axes. Therefore, intestinal microbiota can be an important target for the effect of probiotics on anxiety behavior that has been considered in this study. Evidence gathered in recent years has shown that gastrointestinal disorders are associated with mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Some influential traits such as intestinal microbiota composition, hormones, and epigenetic traits are influenced by host age, environment, genetic traits, and sex. Both males and females have similar patterns in terms of nutritional demand and intestinal microbiome content. This means that there is instability and changes in the gut microbiota over the course of a lifetime that may be related to a specific age and disease of a sex. In addition, a comparison of the number of intestinal microbiota at different stages of development (meaning from birth to old age) has been shown. Brain development during pregnancy is affected by the mother's experience and exposure to stress. Maternal prenatal stress alters brain development and increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiple levels of pregnancy stress mechanisms (brain, placenta, and maternal physiology) and their association with cellular stress mechanisms can have dangerous consequences for the child during puberty. The factors of heat shock and oxidative stress are closely related and converge with inflammation, hormones and cell growth, which are considered as the basis of pregnancy stress risk. Growing evidence suggests that cellular stress mechanisms are involved in neuropsychiatric disorders related to gestational stress, including emotional disorders, schizophrenia, and psychiatric disorders as the child matures. Heat shock and oxidative stress factors are also associated with mechanisms involved in other types of pregnancy stress, including exposure to external factors such as environmental toxins and internal disorders such as preeclampsia. An integrated understanding of growth neurobiology with these cellular and physiological mechanisms is essential to reduce risks and promote healthy brain growth (1). Sterile microorganism-free mice differed from normal mice in their response to central nerve chemistry stress and the reduction in anxiety response (2).
Such information suggests that the specific regulation of gastric microbiota may be a useful strategy for stress-related disorders and for modulating the co-morbidities of intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (3).
Stress-related disorders can also alter the intestinal barrier and cause intestinal leakage, which can lead to a microbiota-induced pro-inflammatory reaction by transferring some bacterial products from the intestine (4). For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by intestinal bacteria can increase immune responses in depressed people (5). Epidemiological studies have shown that some groups of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, are associated with depression and anxiety (6).
Probiotics are specific microorganisms, which are used in certain numbers and improve a person's health. Studies have shown that these products can increase the existing immunity and reduce the risk of various diseases. These products reduce blood cholesterol and have anti-tumor activity (7).
In this study, the effect of probiotic use by female mice during pregnancy and lactation on anxiety behavior in the acute stress model of next-generation adult female BALB / C mice was examined to determine whether probiotic use could reduce oxidative stress from acute stress or not.
Methods: The present study was performed experimentally, interventional, and as a case-control study. For this purpose, 20 adult mice were prepared. The prepared mice consisted of 5 males and 15 females that were kept in 5 cages by placing 1: F, 3: M in each cage and numbering on each cage. The rats were compromised for two weeks, during which time the animals were given free food. The animals mated to get the next generation. The next stage of pregnancy is the mouse, which lasted for three weeks. In both treatment groups, the mother was given probiotics from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation. In the Pro-dam treatment group, offspring whose mothers were treated with probiotics were exposed to foot shock, but in the Pro-Dam-off treatment group, in addition to mothers, their offspring were treated with probiotics after weaning and in were exposed to foot shock stress. From female offspring, 36 female mice were randomly selected. (6 mice in each group) Therefore, the offspring were randomly divided into 6 groups: Intact, Control, Sham-Dam-off, Sham dam Pro-Dam-off, and Pro-Dam for the next experiments. Electric foot shocks of 0.6 mA were applied for 1 second with an interval of 30 seconds for 1 hour. Two hours after the end of the above protocol, the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed and blood and serum were prepared from their hearts. Is the use of the spectroscopy technique. For this purpose, a ready-made kit purchased from Navand salamat Company (46 pieces) was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad software. One way ANOVA test was used for comparison between groups, in case of normal distribution of data
Consumption of probiotics during pregnancy and lactation may alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, which also affects the antioxidant system of children and increases their total serum antioxidant levels.
Results: Comparison of total serum antioxidant levels in control and Intact groups. Stress due to electric shock to the foot has reduced this capacity in the control group compared to the Intact group. Comparing the level of total serum antioxidants between the group of mothers who took probiotics and the control group shows a significant increase. Also compared to the sham-dam group, probiotic consumption was able to raise this total serum antioxidant to a higher level. The pro-dam-off group also significantly increased this parameter compared to the control group and not with its solvent.
Conclusion: Because probiotics during pregnancy and lactation alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, this effect may also affect the baby's antioxidant system and increase total antioxidant levels and has also increased the level of total serum antioxidants in offspring.
Such information suggests that the specific regulation of gastric microbiota may be a useful strategy for stress-related disorders and for modulating the co-morbidities of intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (3).
Stress-related disorders can also alter the intestinal barrier and cause intestinal leakage, which can lead to a microbiota-induced pro-inflammatory reaction by transferring some bacterial products from the intestine (4). For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by intestinal bacteria can increase immune responses in depressed people (5). Epidemiological studies have shown that some groups of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, are associated with depression and anxiety (6).
Probiotics are specific microorganisms, which are used in certain numbers and improve a person's health. Studies have shown that these products can increase the existing immunity and reduce the risk of various diseases. These products reduce blood cholesterol and have anti-tumor activity (7).
In this study, the effect of probiotic use by female mice during pregnancy and lactation on anxiety behavior in the acute stress model of next-generation adult female BALB / C mice was examined to determine whether probiotic use could reduce oxidative stress from acute stress or not.
Methods: The present study was performed experimentally, interventional, and as a case-control study. For this purpose, 20 adult mice were prepared. The prepared mice consisted of 5 males and 15 females that were kept in 5 cages by placing 1: F, 3: M in each cage and numbering on each cage. The rats were compromised for two weeks, during which time the animals were given free food. The animals mated to get the next generation. The next stage of pregnancy is the mouse, which lasted for three weeks. In both treatment groups, the mother was given probiotics from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation. In the Pro-dam treatment group, offspring whose mothers were treated with probiotics were exposed to foot shock, but in the Pro-Dam-off treatment group, in addition to mothers, their offspring were treated with probiotics after weaning and in were exposed to foot shock stress. From female offspring, 36 female mice were randomly selected. (6 mice in each group) Therefore, the offspring were randomly divided into 6 groups: Intact, Control, Sham-Dam-off, Sham dam Pro-Dam-off, and Pro-Dam for the next experiments. Electric foot shocks of 0.6 mA were applied for 1 second with an interval of 30 seconds for 1 hour. Two hours after the end of the above protocol, the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed and blood and serum were prepared from their hearts. Is the use of the spectroscopy technique. For this purpose, a ready-made kit purchased from Navand salamat Company (46 pieces) was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad software. One way ANOVA test was used for comparison between groups, in case of normal distribution of data
Consumption of probiotics during pregnancy and lactation may alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, which also affects the antioxidant system of children and increases their total serum antioxidant levels.
Results: Comparison of total serum antioxidant levels in control and Intact groups. Stress due to electric shock to the foot has reduced this capacity in the control group compared to the Intact group. Comparing the level of total serum antioxidants between the group of mothers who took probiotics and the control group shows a significant increase. Also compared to the sham-dam group, probiotic consumption was able to raise this total serum antioxidant to a higher level. The pro-dam-off group also significantly increased this parameter compared to the control group and not with its solvent.
Conclusion: Because probiotics during pregnancy and lactation alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, this effect may also affect the baby's antioxidant system and increase total antioxidant levels and has also increased the level of total serum antioxidants in offspring.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Physiology
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