Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
RJMS 2023, 30(7): 1-10 |
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Research code: IR.BUMS.R.EC.1400.385
Ethics code: IR.BUMS.R.EC.1400.385
Clinical trials code: IR.MIAU.REC. 1399.105
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Kazeminava H, Seifi S, Rouhani Otaghsara M, Sagheb Tabrizi M, Sadat Hamidian M. The Effect of Life Skills Training on Nonclinical Depression and Acute Stress Syndrome in People Recovering from Covid-19 Disease. RJMS 2023; 30 (7) :1-10
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7382-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7382-en.html
Hedieh Kazeminava 
, Samaneh Seifi , Mahsa Rouhani Otaghsara , Maryam Sagheb Tabrizi , Mozhdeh Sadat Hamidian
, Samaneh Seifi , Mahsa Rouhani Otaghsara , Maryam Sagheb Tabrizi , Mozhdeh Sadat Hamidian
Master of Clinical Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran , mojdeh.hamidian@gmail.com
Abstract: (874 Views)
Background & Aims: In recent months, coronary heart disease, as a global concern, has created many problems for individuals. Everyone is talking about Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Concerns about the disease have led to disorders such as coronary anxiety, fear, excessive stress, and disorders such as ASD anxiety (1). Coronary artery disease appears to have significant effects on the mental health of patients as well as recovering individuals. Azzazi Bojnourdi et al. (2012) in a study predicted coronary anxiety based on health and death anxiety in diabetic patients. Findings showed that positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and death anxiety had a positive and significant relationship with their coronary anxiety (5). Silwal et al. (2020) also presented a study that found a significant relationship between coronary anxiety and personality traits (6).
Coronary heart disease, or any disease due to unknownness, creates a state of fear in the body. The study of the role of stress in the disease indicates the existence of a bilateral effect; Just as illness affects stress, so does stress. Therefore, because a wide range of behaviors can affect stress, we can finally learn to control the progression of the disease (8). Nervousness and anxiety provide the ground for poor functioning of individuals, so by changing the evaluation system of the individual, the level of perceived stress can be changed (9). Depression is one of the most common and debilitating problems in acute and chronic patients that leads to dysfunction of individual functioning and social and interpersonal relationships (10). Various studies have shown that non-clinical depression is one of the most common psychological problems, especially during the period of overcoming the disease, which, if not addressed in a timely manner, reduces self-esteem, drug abuse, interpersonal relationships and anxiety disorders. (11).
One of the effective methods to reduce depression, anxiety and stress, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed by many researchers, is life skills training (11). Life skills include the ability to set realistic goals, solve problems, make decisions and evaluate the consequences, and develop appropriate interpersonal and interpersonal skills. Acquiring this set of skills is essential to address the challenges of everyday life such as organizing personal affairs, controlling health care, pursuing educational, recreational, and engaging activities in positive social interactions (13). Acquiring the right social skills leads to acceptance. Becomes a group. So far, no specific study has been done on the status of mental health interventions, especially with a focus on life skills training among people recovering from coronary heart disease. Given the high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among patients with coronary heart disease, the present study sought to answer the fundamental question of whether life skills training is effective in nonclinical depression and acute stress syndrome in people recovering from Covid-19 disease.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included 136 patients with covid-19 disease who recovered and were discharged after referring to Ayatollah Rouhani Medical and Educational Center in babol and hospitalized in the covid’s patient ward. Among them, 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people. The instruments used in this study were Beck Depression Inventory II (2000) and Stanford Acute Stress Syndrome (1998). Therapeutic interventions based on propulsion skills training were performed for at least 8 sessions of 120 sessions per session. The control group did not receive any training. To test the hypotheses, analysis of covariance and SPSS software package were used.
Results: The results showed that life skills training among people recovering from covid-19 disease on the acute stress syndrome (P=0.001, F=127.68) and for and non-clinical depression (P = 0.001, F=28.07, respectively) had a significant effect.
Conclusion: According to the results of the analysis of the research test, the effectiveness of life skills training on acute stress syndrome and non-clinical depression in patients recovering from Covid-19 disease was clarified. This research finding is based on the results of research by (1،4،5،6،7،12،17،18،19،20) were consistent. Social and ultimately the prevention of behaviors that are harmful to health, health and promote the level of mental health of individuals (16). People with Covid-19 disease learned in life skills training sessions the ability to set realistic goals, solve problems, make decisions and evaluate the consequences, and develop intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. Each of these 8 training sessions was accompanied by homework, which strengthened the individual's learning. The combination of these trainings and their consolidation increased people's mental health and consequently reduced their stress and depression symptoms (13). Life skills training also helps people to know their emotions and feelings well, to evaluate them carefully, to understand the logical and irrational thoughts related to them, and finally it becomes clear to them that efficient and inefficient thoughts are positive emotions and Negative leads them. When subjects become aware that it is themselves and their perceptions that influence positive and negative emotions to a large extent, they control them with the skills they have learned, thereby achieving emotional adjustment and achieving emotional adjustment. It will prevent depression.
Regarding the control of emotions and behavior during stress, it should be said that the occurrence of any desirable or undesirable behavior in the human psychological organization is a function of a factor or factors, some of the most important of which are cognitive and behavioral factors; Therefore, in order to control, direct or manage a behavior, the activating factor or factors of that particular behavior must be identified in order to make the necessary correction or change according to it. Given that coronary heart disease is a common pain, we can help both ourselves and others if we develop the right beliefs and accept the reality of the situation and change our lifestyle (especially in the field of personal and preventive health). If we take action, then we will see that it will be easier to face the corona. Coronary heart disease or any new disease causes fear due to the unknown, and overcoming this stress by strengthening life skills training strengthens the immune system and promotes mental health of people recovering from coronary heart disease (20). This research is spatially limited to a specific part of Iran and this issue limits the spatial generalization of research. Therefore, it requires that this research be considered as a statistical population on a larger scale and by conducting a cluster or class sampling of the entire country and eliminate this spatial limitation. It is also suggested that life skills training be provided in the form of workshops, and in pre-discharge training for people recovering from coronary heart disease, life skills training packages focus on self-awareness, anger management, stress management, coping with negative emotions and solving the issue should be presented. Life skills training has a significant effect on the rate of acute stress syndrome and non-clinical depression among people recovering from covid-19 disease. Therefore, attention to the mental health status of patients with covid-19 disease and follow-up after recovery and treatment of depression and stress They will be effective in a non-pharmacological way using life skills training.
Coronary heart disease, or any disease due to unknownness, creates a state of fear in the body. The study of the role of stress in the disease indicates the existence of a bilateral effect; Just as illness affects stress, so does stress. Therefore, because a wide range of behaviors can affect stress, we can finally learn to control the progression of the disease (8). Nervousness and anxiety provide the ground for poor functioning of individuals, so by changing the evaluation system of the individual, the level of perceived stress can be changed (9). Depression is one of the most common and debilitating problems in acute and chronic patients that leads to dysfunction of individual functioning and social and interpersonal relationships (10). Various studies have shown that non-clinical depression is one of the most common psychological problems, especially during the period of overcoming the disease, which, if not addressed in a timely manner, reduces self-esteem, drug abuse, interpersonal relationships and anxiety disorders. (11).
One of the effective methods to reduce depression, anxiety and stress, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed by many researchers, is life skills training (11). Life skills include the ability to set realistic goals, solve problems, make decisions and evaluate the consequences, and develop appropriate interpersonal and interpersonal skills. Acquiring this set of skills is essential to address the challenges of everyday life such as organizing personal affairs, controlling health care, pursuing educational, recreational, and engaging activities in positive social interactions (13). Acquiring the right social skills leads to acceptance. Becomes a group. So far, no specific study has been done on the status of mental health interventions, especially with a focus on life skills training among people recovering from coronary heart disease. Given the high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among patients with coronary heart disease, the present study sought to answer the fundamental question of whether life skills training is effective in nonclinical depression and acute stress syndrome in people recovering from Covid-19 disease.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included 136 patients with covid-19 disease who recovered and were discharged after referring to Ayatollah Rouhani Medical and Educational Center in babol and hospitalized in the covid’s patient ward. Among them, 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people. The instruments used in this study were Beck Depression Inventory II (2000) and Stanford Acute Stress Syndrome (1998). Therapeutic interventions based on propulsion skills training were performed for at least 8 sessions of 120 sessions per session. The control group did not receive any training. To test the hypotheses, analysis of covariance and SPSS software package were used.
Results: The results showed that life skills training among people recovering from covid-19 disease on the acute stress syndrome (P=0.001, F=127.68) and for and non-clinical depression (P = 0.001, F=28.07, respectively) had a significant effect.
Conclusion: According to the results of the analysis of the research test, the effectiveness of life skills training on acute stress syndrome and non-clinical depression in patients recovering from Covid-19 disease was clarified. This research finding is based on the results of research by (1،4،5،6،7،12،17،18،19،20) were consistent. Social and ultimately the prevention of behaviors that are harmful to health, health and promote the level of mental health of individuals (16). People with Covid-19 disease learned in life skills training sessions the ability to set realistic goals, solve problems, make decisions and evaluate the consequences, and develop intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. Each of these 8 training sessions was accompanied by homework, which strengthened the individual's learning. The combination of these trainings and their consolidation increased people's mental health and consequently reduced their stress and depression symptoms (13). Life skills training also helps people to know their emotions and feelings well, to evaluate them carefully, to understand the logical and irrational thoughts related to them, and finally it becomes clear to them that efficient and inefficient thoughts are positive emotions and Negative leads them. When subjects become aware that it is themselves and their perceptions that influence positive and negative emotions to a large extent, they control them with the skills they have learned, thereby achieving emotional adjustment and achieving emotional adjustment. It will prevent depression.
Regarding the control of emotions and behavior during stress, it should be said that the occurrence of any desirable or undesirable behavior in the human psychological organization is a function of a factor or factors, some of the most important of which are cognitive and behavioral factors; Therefore, in order to control, direct or manage a behavior, the activating factor or factors of that particular behavior must be identified in order to make the necessary correction or change according to it. Given that coronary heart disease is a common pain, we can help both ourselves and others if we develop the right beliefs and accept the reality of the situation and change our lifestyle (especially in the field of personal and preventive health). If we take action, then we will see that it will be easier to face the corona. Coronary heart disease or any new disease causes fear due to the unknown, and overcoming this stress by strengthening life skills training strengthens the immune system and promotes mental health of people recovering from coronary heart disease (20). This research is spatially limited to a specific part of Iran and this issue limits the spatial generalization of research. Therefore, it requires that this research be considered as a statistical population on a larger scale and by conducting a cluster or class sampling of the entire country and eliminate this spatial limitation. It is also suggested that life skills training be provided in the form of workshops, and in pre-discharge training for people recovering from coronary heart disease, life skills training packages focus on self-awareness, anger management, stress management, coping with negative emotions and solving the issue should be presented. Life skills training has a significant effect on the rate of acute stress syndrome and non-clinical depression among people recovering from covid-19 disease. Therefore, attention to the mental health status of patients with covid-19 disease and follow-up after recovery and treatment of depression and stress They will be effective in a non-pharmacological way using life skills training.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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