Volume 30, Issue 4 (7-2023)
RJMS 2023, 30(4): 245-253 |
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Research code: 01
Ethics code: 01
Clinical trials code: 01
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Talebi M, Bahadori Jahromi S, Sarvarzadeh S K, Delshad A H, Parizad Tasrani R. وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی،
فرزندآوری،
جامعه،
خانواده. RJMS 2023; 30 (4) :245-253
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8339-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8339-en.html
Mojtaba Talebi 
, Samineh Bahadori Jahromi , Seyed Korosh Sarvarzadeh , Abdul Hamid Delshad , Reza Parizad Tasrani
, Samineh Bahadori Jahromi , Seyed Korosh Sarvarzadeh , Abdul Hamid Delshad , Reza Parizad Tasrani
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. , Sanazbahadori.jahromi@yahoo.com
Abstract: (251 Views)
Background & Aims: Society attaches special importance to giving birth to children and raising them. For this reason, it creates incentives and punishments to regulate this matter; despite this, the importance of birth does not end only at the level of society; at the micro level, i.e. family, having children is of fundamental importance for parents. Although the desire to have children is naturally placed in the human body. One of the issues that has received attention in these years is the reduction of childbearing. The decrease in having children in cities is significant. The purpose of this research was to explain the effects of socioeconomic status on the reduction of childbearing in Iranian society and family.
Methods: The present research has been conducted with a combined method. The research has two statistical associations. The statistical population of the qualitative part is the people who visited the health centers of Fars province in 1401, and the statistical population of the quantitative part is all couples between the ages of 20 and 45 in Fars province, the statistical population of the quantitative part is based on Cochran's formula and through cluster sampling. Multi-stages have been selected and the statistical sample of the qualitative section referring to health-treatment centers was also selected using the available sample method. Data collection was done in the quantitative part through questionnaires and in the qualitative part through in-depth interviews. In this research, the thematic analysis method is used to analyze the qualitative interview data, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used to analyze the quantitative data. Considering that two types of data will be used in this research, data analysis will be used at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Quantitative data analysis was done in the questionnaire section using SPSS version 23 software, and in-depth interviews were conducted in the (qualitative) section through content analysis and coding methods.
Results: According to the significant value (sig) calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.000, and because this number is smaller than 0.05, therefore, there is a relationship between the two variables of socio-economic status and the reduction of childbearing in the society. There is a meaning. Also, according to the intensity of our obtained correlation, which is equal to 0.128, therefore, there is a negative correlation, with a weak intensity and with the opposite direction, between the two variables of economic-social status and the reduction of childbearing in the society; In this way, the more the socio-economic status of the people in the society declines, the decrease in childbearing in the society also increases. Based on this, the second hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The value of dispersion indices of the economic-social status variable is a Mean value: of 20.9025, Standard deviation value: of 3.30003, Variance value: 10.890, and Range of changes value: 19.00.
Conclusion: The results show that among people, values and attitudes, gender equality, socio-economic status, religion, attitudes of ethnic groups, dissatisfaction with life, the ambiguity of the future situation, educational changes, and the living experience of families. They have played a role in the act of having children and have reduced the possibility of having children. In the end, even though people are facing various risks and issues, they still have children because of their love and affection for the child and the survival of the generation. However, in the two ways of the dangers of childbearing and interest in children, they adopt the third way: reducing fertility. Traditional values and norms, contrary to the values of individualism, which have been increasing, have experienced a decreasing and decreasing trend and have faded in society, and this issue has caused fertility to be in a transitional and challenging period. Although fertility is the result of the normative and intentional reproductive behavior of people, today's Iranian society has suffered a paradox, because this behavior is promoted and encouraged by the common values and norms of childbearing in the society on the one hand. On the other hand, it is surrounded by the external social system. Is. Today, the spread of modernity and the prevalence of traditionalist approaches are like a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it brings the process of development and evolution of social institutions, and on the other hand, it creates unfortunate consequences, such as a change in the attitude towards childbearing, which has led to the transformation of the family institution. The attitude towards having children in this research is the negative view of the interviewees towards children, who consider having many children not as a source of pleasure and benefit, but as a source of expense. The basis of this assessment is the opinions, beliefs, and accepted values of the person about the consequences of not having children. Of course, attitudes do not individually determine fertility behaviors, but environmental situations and conditions are also effective. In other words, the decrease in childbearing results from systematic convergence and adaptation to the current society's cultural, social, and economic conditions. Several factors can be considered effective in reducing fertility. Elements such as economic disturbances, the high cost of family formation, the increase in the marriage age of young people and as a result the delay in fertility, employment, and education of women, the weakening of family ties, cultural changes, the introduction of modernization elements, etc., according to the findings of the research. present and in line with the macro population policies of the country, which calls for intervention and policy-making to increase fertility above the replacement level, and in order not to repeat trial and error like what was done before to increase the number of births and stop the downward trend of policy fertility were implemented, on this basis, it is suggested that before any policy in this field, the set of indicators and components that determine fertility behavior should be scrutinized and closely monitored by planners.
Methods: The present research has been conducted with a combined method. The research has two statistical associations. The statistical population of the qualitative part is the people who visited the health centers of Fars province in 1401, and the statistical population of the quantitative part is all couples between the ages of 20 and 45 in Fars province, the statistical population of the quantitative part is based on Cochran's formula and through cluster sampling. Multi-stages have been selected and the statistical sample of the qualitative section referring to health-treatment centers was also selected using the available sample method. Data collection was done in the quantitative part through questionnaires and in the qualitative part through in-depth interviews. In this research, the thematic analysis method is used to analyze the qualitative interview data, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used to analyze the quantitative data. Considering that two types of data will be used in this research, data analysis will be used at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Quantitative data analysis was done in the questionnaire section using SPSS version 23 software, and in-depth interviews were conducted in the (qualitative) section through content analysis and coding methods.
Results: According to the significant value (sig) calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.000, and because this number is smaller than 0.05, therefore, there is a relationship between the two variables of socio-economic status and the reduction of childbearing in the society. There is a meaning. Also, according to the intensity of our obtained correlation, which is equal to 0.128, therefore, there is a negative correlation, with a weak intensity and with the opposite direction, between the two variables of economic-social status and the reduction of childbearing in the society; In this way, the more the socio-economic status of the people in the society declines, the decrease in childbearing in the society also increases. Based on this, the second hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The value of dispersion indices of the economic-social status variable is a Mean value: of 20.9025, Standard deviation value: of 3.30003, Variance value: 10.890, and Range of changes value: 19.00.
Conclusion: The results show that among people, values and attitudes, gender equality, socio-economic status, religion, attitudes of ethnic groups, dissatisfaction with life, the ambiguity of the future situation, educational changes, and the living experience of families. They have played a role in the act of having children and have reduced the possibility of having children. In the end, even though people are facing various risks and issues, they still have children because of their love and affection for the child and the survival of the generation. However, in the two ways of the dangers of childbearing and interest in children, they adopt the third way: reducing fertility. Traditional values and norms, contrary to the values of individualism, which have been increasing, have experienced a decreasing and decreasing trend and have faded in society, and this issue has caused fertility to be in a transitional and challenging period. Although fertility is the result of the normative and intentional reproductive behavior of people, today's Iranian society has suffered a paradox, because this behavior is promoted and encouraged by the common values and norms of childbearing in the society on the one hand. On the other hand, it is surrounded by the external social system. Is. Today, the spread of modernity and the prevalence of traditionalist approaches are like a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it brings the process of development and evolution of social institutions, and on the other hand, it creates unfortunate consequences, such as a change in the attitude towards childbearing, which has led to the transformation of the family institution. The attitude towards having children in this research is the negative view of the interviewees towards children, who consider having many children not as a source of pleasure and benefit, but as a source of expense. The basis of this assessment is the opinions, beliefs, and accepted values of the person about the consequences of not having children. Of course, attitudes do not individually determine fertility behaviors, but environmental situations and conditions are also effective. In other words, the decrease in childbearing results from systematic convergence and adaptation to the current society's cultural, social, and economic conditions. Several factors can be considered effective in reducing fertility. Elements such as economic disturbances, the high cost of family formation, the increase in the marriage age of young people and as a result the delay in fertility, employment, and education of women, the weakening of family ties, cultural changes, the introduction of modernization elements, etc., according to the findings of the research. present and in line with the macro population policies of the country, which calls for intervention and policy-making to increase fertility above the replacement level, and in order not to repeat trial and error like what was done before to increase the number of births and stop the downward trend of policy fertility were implemented, on this basis, it is suggested that before any policy in this field, the set of indicators and components that determine fertility behavior should be scrutinized and closely monitored by planners.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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