Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
RJMS 2023, 30(7): 1-13 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.B.REC.1401.009
Clinical trials code: 0
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Niroomand A, Goodarzi K, Roozbahani M, Tanha Z. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Metacognition and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Distress Tolerance and Loneliness in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome. RJMS 2023; 30 (7) :1-13
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8270-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8270-en.html
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran , k.goodarzy@gmail.com
Abstract: (633 Views)
Background & Aims: One of the important and relatively common diseases that most women of reproductive age are dealing with during their menstruation is premenstrual syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by physical and psychological symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subside with menstruation (3). Usually, the symptoms start shortly after ovulation, gradually intensify and reach a maximum about 5 days before the start of menstruation. The most common symptoms of premenstrual disorder include physical and mental disorders such as weight gain, appetite changes, heartache, backache, muscle cramps and joint pain, migraine headaches, sensitivity, lethargy, reduced efficiency, changes in daily activities and psycho-emotional disorders such as irritability, impaired concentration, increased mental pressure, mood swings and behavioral changes such as decreased motivation, avoidance of society, crying, depression, anxiety, irritability, anger restlessness, aggressive behavior, despair, suicidal tendencies and sleep changes (7). One of the psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, which is caused by the mental and mood changes of women suffering from this syndrome, is the feeling of loneliness. Researches show that women suffering from premenstrual syndrome disorder feel lonelier during this period (9). Another psychological characteristic of women with premenstrual syndrome is distress tolerance, which can be affected by the condition of premenstrual disorder (14). Distress tolerance is conceptualized as a meta-emotional concept and is considered as a trait, not an emotional state, and means the capacity to experience and tolerate negative psychological states. Researches show that according to the family structure, physiological characteristics and individual characteristics, one of the most important factors that can lead to the reduction of pain and psychological problems in women with premenstrual syndrome is their ability to bear distress (16, 17). Therefore, premenstrual syndrome can affect the psychological characteristics of affected women, such as feeling lonely and enduring distress. Hence, any factor or intervention that can affect the above variables and improve them, will create better conditions for the psychological condition of affected women and will lead them to deal more appropriately with this disorder. An intervention that can be effective in this field is metacognitive therapy. Metacognitive therapy helps women with premenstrual syndrome to experience their inner experiences as a thought and instead of responding to them, they focus on the values of life and things that are important to them (21). Therefore, this treatment can help them reduce the psychological symptoms of the syndrome, such as loneliness and psychological distress. Researches show that acceptance and commitment therapy, also, can be effective in reducing psychological distress and feelings of loneliness in women with premenstrual syndrome (22,23,24,25). The goal of acceptance and commitment therapy, which was formed from the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (28), is to create psychological flexibility, identify and reduce cognitive error, problem control, and logical analysis of problems (29). Each of these methods has been investigated in psychological research to improve or promote the health of women with PMS, but the comparison of the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on the feeling of loneliness and tolerance of distress of women with this syndrome has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy on female students with premenstrual syndrome in Islamic Azad University, Durood branch.
Methods: The present research is a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a heterogeneous control group. The research population included all female students suffering from premenstrual syndrome in the Islamic Azad University of Dorud city in the academic year of 1400-1401 with the total number of 140 people, among whom 45 persons were selected by available sampling method and assigned randomly in three metacognitive, acceptance and commitment, and control groups(15 in each group). The tools of this research included premenstrual screening questionnaire by Steiner et al. (2003), Russell's Loneliness Scale (1996) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) by Simmons and Gaher (2005) which were performed on the participants in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The method of analysis of this research was analysis of variance test with repeated measurement using statistical software spss version 22.
Results: The results showed that the acceptance and commitment group and the metacognitive group significantly reduced the feeling of loneliness and distress tolerance compared to the control group, but of these two groups, the metacognitive group performed better than the acceptance and commitment one in the loneliness variable but there was no significant difference between the mentioned interventions in the variable of distress tolerance.
Conclusion: This research showed that the metacognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions have an effective role in improving the feeling of loneliness and distress tolerance of women with premenstrual syndrome, and these two therapies can be used in psychological centers to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Methods: The present research is a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with a heterogeneous control group. The research population included all female students suffering from premenstrual syndrome in the Islamic Azad University of Dorud city in the academic year of 1400-1401 with the total number of 140 people, among whom 45 persons were selected by available sampling method and assigned randomly in three metacognitive, acceptance and commitment, and control groups(15 in each group). The tools of this research included premenstrual screening questionnaire by Steiner et al. (2003), Russell's Loneliness Scale (1996) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) by Simmons and Gaher (2005) which were performed on the participants in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The method of analysis of this research was analysis of variance test with repeated measurement using statistical software spss version 22.
Results: The results showed that the acceptance and commitment group and the metacognitive group significantly reduced the feeling of loneliness and distress tolerance compared to the control group, but of these two groups, the metacognitive group performed better than the acceptance and commitment one in the loneliness variable but there was no significant difference between the mentioned interventions in the variable of distress tolerance.
Conclusion: This research showed that the metacognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions have an effective role in improving the feeling of loneliness and distress tolerance of women with premenstrual syndrome, and these two therapies can be used in psychological centers to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Metacognitive Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Loneliness Feeling, Distress Tolerance
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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