Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
RJMS 2023, 30(7): 1-11 |
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Research code: این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری میباشد
Ethics code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.004
Clinical trials code: این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری میباشد
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Dorostkar N, Moosavipour S, Pirani Z, Zangeneh Motlagh F. Designing a Model of Students' Psychological Well-Being Based on Personality Traits and Perceived Social Support with the Mediation of Resilience and Self-Efficacy in the Conditions of Covid-19. RJMS 2023; 30 (7) :1-11
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7976-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7976-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran , S-moosavipour@arak.ac.ir
Abstract: (847 Views)
Background & Aims: Researchers believe that creating psychological well-being and inner and stable happiness leads people to greater success, healthier social relationships, and finally higher mental and physical health (1). In this context, research results also show a positive relationship between psychological well-being and academic performance (2). On the other hand, the spread of Covid-19 in Wuhan, China and its epidemic all over the world inevitably caused many changes in people's lifestyles, the anxiety caused by the possibility of contracting this disease caused the formation of social distance between people and reduced communication between them. especially students). Since the need to connect is one of the essential needs for people's mental health, this has affected the psychological well-being of students more (3). Another psychological construct that is one of the most prominent variables in positive psychology and is likely to predict students' psychological well-being is resilience. Resilience is the process or ability to adapt oneself to failures, calamities, life conflicts and challenging events and overcome them. Resilient people show positive adaptive behavior when facing adverse conditions and stressful situations (6). According to research results, another factor that affects the academic and social life of students is self-efficacy (12). Self-efficacy is one of the important and effective concepts in Bandura's cognitive-social theory. In Bandura's system, self-efficacy refers to feelings of sufficiency, competence and ability to cope with life (2). On the other hand, one of the most important social factors related to psychological well-being is the perception of social support. Perceived social support is a concept that refers to people's subjective evaluations of supportive relationships and behaviors. Among other reasons for the correctness of this result, we can point to the fact that in the course of interactions and social support, a person uses methods He becomes aware of the effectiveness of others in life, and with this cognitive capital, he can establish positive practices and pleasant behaviors for a satisfying life (14). Therefore, the basic problem of the current research is to find an answer to the question of whether the model of students' psychological well-being based on personality traits and perceived social support with the mediation of resilience and self-efficacy has a good fit with the data?
Methods: To conduct this descriptive-correlational research, which was conducted using the statistical method of structural equation modeling, he has the code of ethics IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.004 approved by the Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch. 400 female students of the second secondary education in the 2nd district of Tehran in the academic year of 1399-1400 were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then Riff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), NEO-FFI-R five-factor questionnaire (NEO-FFI-R) by McCree and Costa (2008), multidimensional perceived social support scale (Zimmet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley, 2012), Scherer's general self-efficacy scale and colleagues (1982), and completed the Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience scale, and after entering the data into SPSS software, the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using AMOS software. were analyzed.
Results: As can be seen in Table 2, the fit indices, such as the chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom (df/χ²) with a value of 3.52, the incremental fit index (IFI) with a value of 0.97, the comparative fit index (CFI) ) with a value of 0.95, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) with a value of 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI=0.91), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI=0.89) and root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA) with a value of 0.06 indicates a good fit of the proposed model with the data. In addition, as seen in diagram 1, the coefficients of the direct path and their direction have been determined, and these coefficients are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). Also, the diagram of the proposed model of the current research shows that the predictor variables explain 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being), which indicates the high predictive power of the model variables in predicting psychological well-being. As shown in Table 3, the path coefficients (ß) and the significance level of each of them (p) are given, all of which are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). In this table, the highest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of resilience to psychological well-being (ß = 0.64, p < 0.001), and the lowest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of personality traits to self-efficacy. β = 0.17, p = 0.002).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the proposed model of students' psychological well-being based on personality traits and perceived social support with the mediation of resilience and self-efficacy in the conditions of covid-19 had a favorable fit with the data. In general, the predictor variables have explained about 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being) in the present study. In explaining this pattern, it can be said that personality traits, as one of the important components of individual differences, can play an essential role in how to engage, search and pursue experiences. Also, extroversion as one of the personality traits provides the context for social interaction; As a result, one's social skills are strengthened and finally, by reducing the feeling of loneliness, one's happiness and psychological well-being are strengthened. It can be said that neurotic people constantly experience lower quality of life and, as a result, lower psychological well-being due to having characteristics such as high anxiety, low self-esteem, and severe depression (22). Also, according to the findings of the current research, social support has a causal relationship with psychological well-being both directly and indirectly - through resilience and self-efficacy. In explaining this finding, it can be said that the people around you can be different sources of social support in different ways. have a major impact on the student's sense of well-being. In other words, among the effective factors in mental well-being is the social network with which a person is connected and supported by it; The support received from this network plays a very important role in the way a person interacts with himself and the environment. In the case of students, family, friends and school are the most important elements of this network and play an important role in overcoming problems and positively evaluating themselves and their lives (26).
Methods: To conduct this descriptive-correlational research, which was conducted using the statistical method of structural equation modeling, he has the code of ethics IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.004 approved by the Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch. 400 female students of the second secondary education in the 2nd district of Tehran in the academic year of 1399-1400 were selected as a sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then Riff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), NEO-FFI-R five-factor questionnaire (NEO-FFI-R) by McCree and Costa (2008), multidimensional perceived social support scale (Zimmet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley, 2012), Scherer's general self-efficacy scale and colleagues (1982), and completed the Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience scale, and after entering the data into SPSS software, the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using AMOS software. were analyzed.
Results: As can be seen in Table 2, the fit indices, such as the chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom (df/χ²) with a value of 3.52, the incremental fit index (IFI) with a value of 0.97, the comparative fit index (CFI) ) with a value of 0.95, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) with a value of 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI=0.91), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI=0.89) and root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA) with a value of 0.06 indicates a good fit of the proposed model with the data. In addition, as seen in diagram 1, the coefficients of the direct path and their direction have been determined, and these coefficients are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). Also, the diagram of the proposed model of the current research shows that the predictor variables explain 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being), which indicates the high predictive power of the model variables in predicting psychological well-being. As shown in Table 3, the path coefficients (ß) and the significance level of each of them (p) are given, all of which are significant at the minimum level (a ≥ 0.05). In this table, the highest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of resilience to psychological well-being (ß = 0.64, p < 0.001), and the lowest beta coefficient (ß) is related to the path of personality traits to self-efficacy. β = 0.17, p = 0.002).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the proposed model of students' psychological well-being based on personality traits and perceived social support with the mediation of resilience and self-efficacy in the conditions of covid-19 had a favorable fit with the data. In general, the predictor variables have explained about 90% of the variance of the dependent variable (psychological well-being) in the present study. In explaining this pattern, it can be said that personality traits, as one of the important components of individual differences, can play an essential role in how to engage, search and pursue experiences. Also, extroversion as one of the personality traits provides the context for social interaction; As a result, one's social skills are strengthened and finally, by reducing the feeling of loneliness, one's happiness and psychological well-being are strengthened. It can be said that neurotic people constantly experience lower quality of life and, as a result, lower psychological well-being due to having characteristics such as high anxiety, low self-esteem, and severe depression (22). Also, according to the findings of the current research, social support has a causal relationship with psychological well-being both directly and indirectly - through resilience and self-efficacy. In explaining this finding, it can be said that the people around you can be different sources of social support in different ways. have a major impact on the student's sense of well-being. In other words, among the effective factors in mental well-being is the social network with which a person is connected and supported by it; The support received from this network plays a very important role in the way a person interacts with himself and the environment. In the case of students, family, friends and school are the most important elements of this network and play an important role in overcoming problems and positively evaluating themselves and their lives (26).
Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Personality Traits, Perceived Social Support, Self-Efficacy, Resilience, Students, Covid-19
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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