Volume 28, Issue 3 (5-2021)
RJMS 2021, 28(3): 163-173 |
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Research code: 1-4-m
Ethics code: 4-m
Clinical trials code: 1-5-m-1
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Abolghasemi Hedashi F, Esmaeili M R. Developing a promotional model for middle-aged leisure in Iran with sports in sports activities. RJMS 2021; 28 (3) :163-173
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6568-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6568-en.html
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Fsport.ceo@gmail.com
Abstract: (2228 Views)
Background & Aims: Leisure is a new social field that has found meaning in the context of modernity and contemporary social and cultural change (2). Leisure refers to the opportunity and time when the responsible person is not responsible for any task or task, the time is at his disposal to do something with personal desire and motivation (6). In the meantime, the role of sport as a strategy that has the potential to help achieve health, social and economic goals is very important (8). The results of studies show that the participation rate of our people in public and recreational sports is 10%. However, this participation rate is more than 80% in countries such as Finland and Sweden (10).
Middle age is the period when the population will be the largest in a few decades. During this period, which ends in old age, it is necessary to adapt to training and experience and continue to exercise over the years. Exercise at this age can prevent an unusual increase in free radicals at rest and in the range of physical activity (12). According to the research background and the above-mentioned topics, this study seeks to provide a promotional model for middle-aged leisure in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities. Also seeking answers to the question of whether spending leisure time for middle-aged people in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities is related to demographic factors in Iran?
Methods: The present study is a mixed research that included two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative method in the present study was the grounded theory method, which was designed according to the Strauss and Corbin method. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management who had sufficient information on the subject of research and in the quantitative part of the study included all middle-aged men and women aged 40 to 65 years in Iran. In order to identify the samples of the qualitative part, purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 14 people were identified as samples in the qualitative section. In the quantitative part, Cochran's sample volume formula was used to determine the research samples. The sample size was 384 people with an error level of 0.05% and the sample was selected by convenience sampling. In order to conduct this research, in the first stage (comparative study), the present study was conducted as a library and an attempt was made to describe and analyze the research related to the development of a promotional model of pastime using the data obtained from program documents. Middle-aged leisure in Iran was emphasized with emphasis on sports activities, and the analysis performed by the researcher in the first stage led to the improvement of knowledge and the compilation of interview guides for the second stage. In the next step (qualitative interviews), the data theory method (grounded theory) was used to construct the proposed research model.
Then, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The questions were arranged in two parts based on the information obtained from the qualitative part of the research. The first part includes general information about the respondents and the second part consists of 54 questions. Was. Which examined the five components of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, actions and consequences.
Pattern and model design using structural equation modeling (SEM) and interpretive structural modeling were used. All data analysis processes of the present study were performed in SPSS and PLS software.
Results: The results showed that contextual factors, causal factors, strategies, individual and national consequences and intervening factors are among the main dimensions of the research, each of which is related to the other. It was also found that the data did not have a normal distribution. Therefore, there is no covariance-based software and SmartPLS-based covariance software should be used. Finally, according to Figures 1 and 2, the value of T-Value for 5 relationships related to the research hypotheses is more than 1.96 and all relationships are confirmed. This means that the model fits properly.
Conclusion: Sports leisure activities in the social sphere cause middle-aged people to have a wide range of social effects for individuals. One of the primary effects of sports activities is to break out of isolation and socialize. That is, sports activity creates a strong bond between peers and learns attitudes, values, skills and general attitudes such as chivalry and discipline. He is thought to have learned lessons from participating in sports that will affect his success in other areas of life. This has led to the need to develop physical and mental abilities as well as changes in middle-aged lifestyle has led to a greater understanding of the need to develop leisure sports activities. This issue has led to the present study to determine the causal factors such as physical capacity, lifestyle and psychological conditions for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities (16).
It is also necessary to provide the initial basis for the development of sports leisure activities. Undoubtedly, the development of sports leisure activities in each group has its own conditions and characteristics. Although there are some principles and standards for sports leisure activities in general, but for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities, it is necessary to create the initial bases in this field. It seems that the infrastructural aspects of the existence of specialized spaces for middle-aged sports leisure activities, the existence of special sports equipment for middle-aged sports leisure activities and inter-sectoral interaction in promoting middle-aged sports leisure activities cause the basic infrastructure to develop leisure activities. Provide middle-aged sports (3).
Middle age is the period when the population will be the largest in a few decades. During this period, which ends in old age, it is necessary to adapt to training and experience and continue to exercise over the years. Exercise at this age can prevent an unusual increase in free radicals at rest and in the range of physical activity (12). According to the research background and the above-mentioned topics, this study seeks to provide a promotional model for middle-aged leisure in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities. Also seeking answers to the question of whether spending leisure time for middle-aged people in Iran with an emphasis on sports activities is related to demographic factors in Iran?
Methods: The present study is a mixed research that included two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative method in the present study was the grounded theory method, which was designed according to the Strauss and Corbin method. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management who had sufficient information on the subject of research and in the quantitative part of the study included all middle-aged men and women aged 40 to 65 years in Iran. In order to identify the samples of the qualitative part, purposive sampling method was used. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 14 people were identified as samples in the qualitative section. In the quantitative part, Cochran's sample volume formula was used to determine the research samples. The sample size was 384 people with an error level of 0.05% and the sample was selected by convenience sampling. In order to conduct this research, in the first stage (comparative study), the present study was conducted as a library and an attempt was made to describe and analyze the research related to the development of a promotional model of pastime using the data obtained from program documents. Middle-aged leisure in Iran was emphasized with emphasis on sports activities, and the analysis performed by the researcher in the first stage led to the improvement of knowledge and the compilation of interview guides for the second stage. In the next step (qualitative interviews), the data theory method (grounded theory) was used to construct the proposed research model.
Then, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The questions were arranged in two parts based on the information obtained from the qualitative part of the research. The first part includes general information about the respondents and the second part consists of 54 questions. Was. Which examined the five components of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, actions and consequences.
Pattern and model design using structural equation modeling (SEM) and interpretive structural modeling were used. All data analysis processes of the present study were performed in SPSS and PLS software.
Results: The results showed that contextual factors, causal factors, strategies, individual and national consequences and intervening factors are among the main dimensions of the research, each of which is related to the other. It was also found that the data did not have a normal distribution. Therefore, there is no covariance-based software and SmartPLS-based covariance software should be used. Finally, according to Figures 1 and 2, the value of T-Value for 5 relationships related to the research hypotheses is more than 1.96 and all relationships are confirmed. This means that the model fits properly.
Conclusion: Sports leisure activities in the social sphere cause middle-aged people to have a wide range of social effects for individuals. One of the primary effects of sports activities is to break out of isolation and socialize. That is, sports activity creates a strong bond between peers and learns attitudes, values, skills and general attitudes such as chivalry and discipline. He is thought to have learned lessons from participating in sports that will affect his success in other areas of life. This has led to the need to develop physical and mental abilities as well as changes in middle-aged lifestyle has led to a greater understanding of the need to develop leisure sports activities. This issue has led to the present study to determine the causal factors such as physical capacity, lifestyle and psychological conditions for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities (16).
It is also necessary to provide the initial basis for the development of sports leisure activities. Undoubtedly, the development of sports leisure activities in each group has its own conditions and characteristics. Although there are some principles and standards for sports leisure activities in general, but for the development of middle-aged sports leisure activities, it is necessary to create the initial bases in this field. It seems that the infrastructural aspects of the existence of specialized spaces for middle-aged sports leisure activities, the existence of special sports equipment for middle-aged sports leisure activities and inter-sectoral interaction in promoting middle-aged sports leisure activities cause the basic infrastructure to develop leisure activities. Provide middle-aged sports (3).
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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