Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-10 |
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Research code: 0
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1403.097
Clinical trials code: 0
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Masoumi Zavariani S, Zargham Hajebi M, Mirzahoseini H. Explaining the Model of Children's Internalized Problems Based on the Transformative Function of the Family with the Mediation of Parental Self-Efficacy. RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-10
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8561-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8561-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran , zarghamhajebi@gmail.com
Abstract: (29 Views)
Background & Aims: One of the positive characteristics of parents influencing the child's future is their sense of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is one of the most important human traits for feeling competent, and this trait plays a fundamental role in determining the type of interaction people have with life issues in various fields. Basically, self-efficacy is the belief in a person's ability to perform difficult tasks and deal with concerns caused by certain situations. Self-efficacy enables people to do extraordinary things in dealing with life's problems. Experts believe that self-efficacy has various dimensions. According to scholars, one of the dimensions of self-efficacy that is very valuable in the psychological life of parenting is parental self-efficacy. In fact, parents need to have a sense of self-efficacy in order to effectively deal with the psychological events of their children's upbringing. In general, parental self-efficacy refers to how confident parents are in raising and managing their children's behavior. Bandura (1997) believes that parental self-efficacy is an important potential construct that is related to family and child functioning. It also describes self-efficacy as doing the desired action that is a reflection of people's perceptions. In general, the recognition of self-efficacy is considered one of the main aspects of human rights, and the self-efficacy of parents is actually their beliefs and ability in the successful growth and upbringing of their children. Parental self-efficacy is an important cognitive structure related to the performance of parents and The assessment of parents is defined as their ability to fulfill their role as a father or mother. When parents feel competent and capable, they are more likely to use more effective parenting methods, which can ultimately lead to favorable developmental outcomes. Self-efficacy determines a person's feelings, thoughts, emotions, and behavior. According to his belief, the high level of this belief in a person improves the performance and level of well-being of a person. A high sense of self-efficacy about abilities makes a person try to overcome problems when faced with difficult issues and avoid behavior in a person decreases. If parents feel unworthy, they become weak and suffer severe stress and their self-confidence decreases and they gradually suffer from depression and other mental problems, and this severe stress affects their inability to educate effectively. Also, a weak sense of self-efficacy in parents leads to an unstable and powerless parenting style, which leads to poor outcomes for children based on numerous evidence of these factors. Research results seriously show that there is an inverse relationship between the high self-efficacy of parents and children's behavioral problems. On the contrary, strong evidence indicates a positive relationship between parents' sense of greater self-efficacy and their competence in effective education and better children's results in such a way that parental self-efficacy leads to increased sensitivity, warmth, and responsiveness to children. This is one of the protective factors against the onset of children's problems. Nowadays, one of the concerns of families and even those in charge of the development of childhood and adolescence is raising and raising a successful child. Therefore, parents, as the first agents of education, play an important role in the successful development of a child. In researches that study internalized and externalized disorders, interpersonal factors such as the role of parents are often investigated. According to the expert of structural theorists of the family, in order to identify and change this structure by observing its function over time, one should focus on the following components: First, the totality of the family system means that the members in the form of what special arrays govern their exchange with Are they related? Although these arrays are not clearly expressed or identified, they ultimately create a whole, a family structure, and of course, the nature of this structure follows an order that is different from the individual nature of each member. Second, how are the interconnected functions of subsystems in the family and how do they function in relation to each other? The family realizes its main functions to some extent through organization in the form of its subsystems, which include the subsystems of spouses, children, and parents. In recent years, the behavioral, emotional, psychological and emotional problems of children have attracted the attention of psychologists and psychiatrists, who along with the developmental process of the child, the psychological problems of childhood have been transferred to the stage of maturity and adulthood, and gradually the treatment of emotional problems and it becomes more difficult psychologically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the model of children's internalized problems based on the transformative function of the family with the mediation of parental self-efficacy.
Methods: The method of this research was a descriptive correlation coefficient type. The statistical population of the present study includes all mothers of children who referred to counseling centers in Qom in 1401. The sample size was obtained by Cochran's formula of 210 people. The questionnaires used to measure the transformational functioning of the family by Aali et al. (2012), Dumka's parenting self-efficacy (1996), and the child's behavior inventory - parents' version were used. Pearson's correlation test and regression and path analysis were performed using significant coefficients and t value, and SPSS and pls software were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that the independent variable of family transformational function has a direct effect on internalized disorder. Also, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy has a reducing effect on internalizing disorder.
Conclusion: The results showed that the independent variable of family transformational function has a direct effect on internalized disorder. The negativity of these relationships shows that the direction of the effect is opposite, that is, with the increase in the transformational function of the family, the amount of disorder decreases, and in the absence of the transformational function of the family and its dimensions, the amount of externalized disorder in the examined children has increased. Also, the role of the mediator variable has been added to this model. Based on the obtained results, the variable of parental self-efficacy has a reducing effect on internalized disorder. Parental self-efficacy can make the family's transformational function better and reduce internalizing disorder. In all the mentioned research, the variable of the family's transformational function has caused the reduction of internalized disorders in children, and of course, the degree of effect has been different in the research. Therefore, the current research results can be considered in line with other research that has been discussed in this field. Children with internalizing problems face complex challenges in their growth and development. Internal issues often include emotional problems such as anxiety and depression. Anxiety, based on social issues or public concerns, can have a significant impact on children's well-being. Depression, known for persistent feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, adds to the burden once again. Behavioral disorders, resistance to orders, or violence towards peers may indicate these externalizing issues. These behaviors may act as a way to express or deal with internal anomalies. Both internal and external problems can greatly affect a child's development. Internal problems may hinder cognitive development, cause problems in academic performance, and create challenges in establishing positive relationships. Knowing the main factors is essential for effective intervention. Family dynamics, traumatic experiences, genetics, or problems with emotion regulation can add to these problems. Understanding these factors can contribute to a broader nature of interventions. Interventions should be tailored to help each child specifically. This may involve collaboration between parents, educators, and mental health professionals. Providing a supportive environment, strengthening healthy strategies for facing challenges, and teaching effective communication skills are among the critical components of the intervention. Based on the obtained results, parental self-efficacy variable has a reducing effect on internalized disorder. Parental self-efficacy can make the family's transformational function better and reduce internalizing disorder.
Methods: The method of this research was a descriptive correlation coefficient type. The statistical population of the present study includes all mothers of children who referred to counseling centers in Qom in 1401. The sample size was obtained by Cochran's formula of 210 people. The questionnaires used to measure the transformational functioning of the family by Aali et al. (2012), Dumka's parenting self-efficacy (1996), and the child's behavior inventory - parents' version were used. Pearson's correlation test and regression and path analysis were performed using significant coefficients and t value, and SPSS and pls software were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that the independent variable of family transformational function has a direct effect on internalized disorder. Also, the mediating role of parental self-efficacy has a reducing effect on internalizing disorder.
Conclusion: The results showed that the independent variable of family transformational function has a direct effect on internalized disorder. The negativity of these relationships shows that the direction of the effect is opposite, that is, with the increase in the transformational function of the family, the amount of disorder decreases, and in the absence of the transformational function of the family and its dimensions, the amount of externalized disorder in the examined children has increased. Also, the role of the mediator variable has been added to this model. Based on the obtained results, the variable of parental self-efficacy has a reducing effect on internalized disorder. Parental self-efficacy can make the family's transformational function better and reduce internalizing disorder. In all the mentioned research, the variable of the family's transformational function has caused the reduction of internalized disorders in children, and of course, the degree of effect has been different in the research. Therefore, the current research results can be considered in line with other research that has been discussed in this field. Children with internalizing problems face complex challenges in their growth and development. Internal issues often include emotional problems such as anxiety and depression. Anxiety, based on social issues or public concerns, can have a significant impact on children's well-being. Depression, known for persistent feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, adds to the burden once again. Behavioral disorders, resistance to orders, or violence towards peers may indicate these externalizing issues. These behaviors may act as a way to express or deal with internal anomalies. Both internal and external problems can greatly affect a child's development. Internal problems may hinder cognitive development, cause problems in academic performance, and create challenges in establishing positive relationships. Knowing the main factors is essential for effective intervention. Family dynamics, traumatic experiences, genetics, or problems with emotion regulation can add to these problems. Understanding these factors can contribute to a broader nature of interventions. Interventions should be tailored to help each child specifically. This may involve collaboration between parents, educators, and mental health professionals. Providing a supportive environment, strengthening healthy strategies for facing challenges, and teaching effective communication skills are among the critical components of the intervention. Based on the obtained results, parental self-efficacy variable has a reducing effect on internalized disorder. Parental self-efficacy can make the family's transformational function better and reduce internalizing disorder.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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