Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-17 |
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Esmaielzadeh S, Vaghefi M, Esmaeilzadeh B, Tavallali M S. 3D Printing Technology and Additive Manufacturing: a Review of Biomedical Application. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-17
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8558-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8558-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Darab branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran; Sadra Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Chemical, Petroleum & Polymer Engineering Research Center, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran , esmaielzadehsheida@yahoo.com
Abstract: (1760 Views)
Background & Aims: Different from reduction manufacturing and equal manufacturing, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing method, which transforms 3D model into 2D cross-section data to form entity layer by layer. This makes its processing not limited by complexity of the design model and number of the manufacturing products. It is very suitable for the medical field with high customization requirements. The difference in the clinical conditions and anatomy of each patient, on the one hand, and the the availability of the medical-digital data, on the other hand, enforced the daily expansion and progressive flourishing of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology (3D printing) applications in the medical world. The possibility of manufacturing patient-specific pieces with any geometrical complexities out of different materials )from a wide range of hard and soft materials( with a conventional cost is one of the advantages of this method, which has led various medical specialists to benefit from AM technology at different diagnostic and therapeutic levels. AM technologies, namely fused deposition modelling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), polyjet process, selective laser sintering (SLS), 3D inkjet printing and DLP, are increasingly applicable for various biomedical applications respect to various parameters including the fabricated prototype, required time to develop each prototype, ability to process different raw materials, repeatability, resolution and high accuracy. The rapid development of these applications is such that it is not far-fetched to estblish a separate AM unit in collaboration with physications of various specialties in hospitals (and in some medical centers this has already begun). This technology in the medical field, is increasingly used in a wide range of clinical applications, including guide templates, preoperative models, the implant, human tissue, organs, etc. Therefore, due to the significant expansion of the AM field in medicine, in this article, its advantages and disadvantages have been investigated, and the applications and development of AM technology in the customization of medical and rehabilitation equipments, implants and prostheses have been investigated.
Methods: Standard search method was used in Persian and English databases, namely Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ISC.The evaluation and selection criterion was the articles that were placed in the field of biomedical application with additive manufacturing technology between 2015 and 2023, and finally 40 articles were studied and reviewed.
Results: The results of the conducted studies showed that AM technology is used in the manufacturing of all kinds of advanced implants such as knee joint, lumbar vertebrae welder, sternum, spine, hip joint, knee joint bracket. Thanks to this technology, it allows an accurate manufacturing specific to the patient with biocompatible. With successful surgical imaging, anatomical information of the patient is obtained, a digital model is created, and complications and errors that may occur in the placement of the implant are prevented. In addition, implants produced specifically for the patient's anatomy increase the chance of success. In addition, it can support tissue regeneration depending on the regeneration and growth factors of cells. Furthermore, implants produced with AM can have high fatigue strength and high corrosion resistance. The 3D printer enables the production of prostheses that have the desired mechanical and physical properties and are fully compatible with the patient in a short time. Realistic, suitable for the patient's anatomy, and close to the original mechanical properties, prostheses are produced for the ear, nose, teeth, bone, hand and foot. In addition, using the multi-material printing approach, it is possible to adjust the skin tone of the person who will use the prosthesis in accordance with the skin pigmentation. Furthermore, 3D printing technology is used in manufacturing rehabilitation equipments and various orthosis. Application of this technology of rehabilitation equipment is mainly taken in orthopedics, and hearing aids and so on. The prominent role of this technology in medical education and orientation of the patients and their families should not be forgotten.
Conclusion: AM technology can provide the production of complex pieces with a variety of structures simpler and faster at a lower expenses compared to traditional methods. It is especially used in the biomedical field thanks to its advantages, and it is preferred for different applications in this field every day. Some of these applications are included as surgical applications using biomodels or templates, modelling and imaging for a better understanding of diseases, manufacturing medical devices and equipment, patient-specific implant and prosthesis applications, vet medicine applications, tissue engineering applications, pharmaceutical industry applications, organ bioprinting which is currently in the testing stage. 3D printing technology will bring an excessive revolution in the field of medicine and biomedicine, which can save the lives of many patients. Many medical professionals use 3D printing in their diagnostic and therapeutic work. Thanks to the use of AM technology especially in the modelling and diagnosis of diseases, it is possible to model, diagnose and monitor the course of cancer which is one of the health problems of our age.
Methods: Standard search method was used in Persian and English databases, namely Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ISC.The evaluation and selection criterion was the articles that were placed in the field of biomedical application with additive manufacturing technology between 2015 and 2023, and finally 40 articles were studied and reviewed.
Results: The results of the conducted studies showed that AM technology is used in the manufacturing of all kinds of advanced implants such as knee joint, lumbar vertebrae welder, sternum, spine, hip joint, knee joint bracket. Thanks to this technology, it allows an accurate manufacturing specific to the patient with biocompatible. With successful surgical imaging, anatomical information of the patient is obtained, a digital model is created, and complications and errors that may occur in the placement of the implant are prevented. In addition, implants produced specifically for the patient's anatomy increase the chance of success. In addition, it can support tissue regeneration depending on the regeneration and growth factors of cells. Furthermore, implants produced with AM can have high fatigue strength and high corrosion resistance. The 3D printer enables the production of prostheses that have the desired mechanical and physical properties and are fully compatible with the patient in a short time. Realistic, suitable for the patient's anatomy, and close to the original mechanical properties, prostheses are produced for the ear, nose, teeth, bone, hand and foot. In addition, using the multi-material printing approach, it is possible to adjust the skin tone of the person who will use the prosthesis in accordance with the skin pigmentation. Furthermore, 3D printing technology is used in manufacturing rehabilitation equipments and various orthosis. Application of this technology of rehabilitation equipment is mainly taken in orthopedics, and hearing aids and so on. The prominent role of this technology in medical education and orientation of the patients and their families should not be forgotten.
Conclusion: AM technology can provide the production of complex pieces with a variety of structures simpler and faster at a lower expenses compared to traditional methods. It is especially used in the biomedical field thanks to its advantages, and it is preferred for different applications in this field every day. Some of these applications are included as surgical applications using biomodels or templates, modelling and imaging for a better understanding of diseases, manufacturing medical devices and equipment, patient-specific implant and prosthesis applications, vet medicine applications, tissue engineering applications, pharmaceutical industry applications, organ bioprinting which is currently in the testing stage. 3D printing technology will bring an excessive revolution in the field of medicine and biomedicine, which can save the lives of many patients. Many medical professionals use 3D printing in their diagnostic and therapeutic work. Thanks to the use of AM technology especially in the modelling and diagnosis of diseases, it is possible to model, diagnose and monitor the course of cancer which is one of the health problems of our age.
Keywords: Additive manufacturing, 3D printing Technology, rehabilitation Equipment, Biomedical applications
Type of Study: review article |
Subject:
Biotechnology
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