Research code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1402.014
Ethics code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1402.014
Clinical trials code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1402.014
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran , ar.khanmohammadi@gmail.com
Abstract: (665 Views)
Background & Aims: Drug abuse is one of the problems of the present age that destroys the lives of millions of people and spends large national funds to fight to compensate for the damages caused by it (4). One of the factors and components that can increase the ability of people, including women drug users, to deal with different types of addiction is tolerance of distress (7). People and persons who have low distress tolerance avoid negative, inconsistent and non-adaptive thoughts, feelings, emotions and emotions and are more likely to show experiential avoidance. These people are more susceptible compared to others. They are alcohol abuse, gambling (9), emotional and anxiety disorders and distress (10) and drug abuse (11). Rumination is another variable related to substance abuse and drug addiction. Rumination is known as constant and constant preoccupation with an idea or topic and thinking about it. Rumination is a class and group of conscious thoughts that are determined around a specific axis and these thoughts and thoughts are repeated without dependence on environmental demands. In addition, rumination is a set of passive thoughts and thoughts that are repetitive and prevent adaptive problem solving and lead to an increase in negative and incompatible emotions. Peng et al. (2021) found in a research that there is a significant relationship between rumination and addictive behaviors and rumination is an effective factor in creating addictive behaviors (12). One of the concepts and structures that seems to be the basis for improving the tolerance of distress and rumination in drug users is cognitive behavioral therapy. According to the social learning theory, drug use disorders are primarily caused by the interaction between underlying biological factors that lead to a positive experience of using a particular drug, the ability to access that drug for the first time, and Factors related to conditioning and role modeling, which lead to learning how to use drugs and understand its effects, are formed and developed (13). Mahdiat et al. (2023) found in a systematic review study that psychotherapy based on cognitive behavioral approach (CBT) improves resilience and reduces drug addiction among people suffering from drug abuse (14). Since, based on the search of the researcher of the current research, a research has been conducted in the country to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the tolerance of distress and rumination of drug users, the purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination and tolerance of distress. It is improving in addicted people.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with control group. 30 women dependent on drug abuse in addiction treatment camps (drug use disorder recovery and rehabilitation centers) under the welfare supervision of Mazandaran province in the cities of Babol and Amol in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 were randomly selected in two There were experimental and control groups (15 people for each group). 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy were held for the experimental group. Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and Simmons and Gaher (2005) distress tolerance and Michael Frey (1999) cognitive behavioral therapy were used to collect data. Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage in the subscales of tolerance, evaluation, absorption and adjustment in the variable of distress tolerance and the subscales of distraction, deepening and deep thinking in the rumination variable (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present research showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups of addicted women who are quitting drugs in distraction, deepening and thinking in the rumination variable, so that addicted women who are quitting and recovering from drugs in the experimental group Compared to women in the control group, they were in a better condition in terms of rumination score. The results of the present research were in line with the results of Mahdiat et al. (2023)(14), Alsma et al. In explaining the findings of the present research, it can be said that the factor that leads to worry, anxiety and rumination in drug users is the attitude of these patients and the interpretation of physical symptoms as an unpredictable and uncontrollable phenomenon; cognitive distortions such as catastrophizing, extreme generalization, negative self-future thoughts and negative ineffective beliefs about drug use; The patient's evaluation of the effect of this disease on his life process and excessive tension and excitability caused by these negative thoughts are among the factors that cause more worry and anxiety in addicted people than the addiction itself (28). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups of addicted women who are quitting drugs in tolerance, evaluation, absorption and adjustment in the distress tolerance variable, so that addicted women who are quitting and recovering from drugs in the experimental group are more Women in the control group were in a better condition in terms of distress tolerance score. The results of the present research with the results of previous researches such as; Mahdiat et al. (2023) (14), Alsma et al. (2023) (16) and Avan and Varjis (2023) (17) were aligned. In explaining the results of the second sub-results of the research, it can be said that; Cognitive behavioral therapy brings a person to the awareness and truth that although he cannot change certain events in his life, he can learn to change the methods and methods of dealing with them and interventions based on cognitive behavioral approaches by teaching behavioral techniques such as relaxation. By using these techniques, it helps drug users to reduce their tensions, distress and psychological and emotional disturbances and achieve tolerance of distress and disturbance (14). This research was conducted only among women addicts in recovery in the women's camps of Amol and Babol cities, as a result, the generalization of its findings to other women in other cities is limited and caution should be observed. In addition, it was not possible to hold the follow-up stage and measure the stability of cognitive behavioral therapy in different time intervals. It is suggested that this research be carried out in other cities of Iran and their results be compared and investigated with the findings of this research and the follow-up phase be carried out. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination, it is suggested to the officials and workers of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and the Welfare Organization of the country to use cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce rumination on addicted women. In addition, considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the tolerance of distress among recovering addict women, it is suggested to the officials and workers of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education as well as the Welfare Organization as the trustees of the treatment and prevention of addiction and social harms. In order to improve the state of tolerance of distress among addicted women, use training based on the skills of cognitive-behavioral approaches.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with control group. 30 women dependent on drug abuse in addiction treatment camps (drug use disorder recovery and rehabilitation centers) under the welfare supervision of Mazandaran province in the cities of Babol and Amol in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 were randomly selected in two There were experimental and control groups (15 people for each group). 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy were held for the experimental group. Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and Simmons and Gaher (2005) distress tolerance and Michael Frey (1999) cognitive behavioral therapy were used to collect data. Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage in the subscales of tolerance, evaluation, absorption and adjustment in the variable of distress tolerance and the subscales of distraction, deepening and deep thinking in the rumination variable (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present research showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups of addicted women who are quitting drugs in distraction, deepening and thinking in the rumination variable, so that addicted women who are quitting and recovering from drugs in the experimental group Compared to women in the control group, they were in a better condition in terms of rumination score. The results of the present research were in line with the results of Mahdiat et al. (2023)(14), Alsma et al. In explaining the findings of the present research, it can be said that the factor that leads to worry, anxiety and rumination in drug users is the attitude of these patients and the interpretation of physical symptoms as an unpredictable and uncontrollable phenomenon; cognitive distortions such as catastrophizing, extreme generalization, negative self-future thoughts and negative ineffective beliefs about drug use; The patient's evaluation of the effect of this disease on his life process and excessive tension and excitability caused by these negative thoughts are among the factors that cause more worry and anxiety in addicted people than the addiction itself (28). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups of addicted women who are quitting drugs in tolerance, evaluation, absorption and adjustment in the distress tolerance variable, so that addicted women who are quitting and recovering from drugs in the experimental group are more Women in the control group were in a better condition in terms of distress tolerance score. The results of the present research with the results of previous researches such as; Mahdiat et al. (2023) (14), Alsma et al. (2023) (16) and Avan and Varjis (2023) (17) were aligned. In explaining the results of the second sub-results of the research, it can be said that; Cognitive behavioral therapy brings a person to the awareness and truth that although he cannot change certain events in his life, he can learn to change the methods and methods of dealing with them and interventions based on cognitive behavioral approaches by teaching behavioral techniques such as relaxation. By using these techniques, it helps drug users to reduce their tensions, distress and psychological and emotional disturbances and achieve tolerance of distress and disturbance (14). This research was conducted only among women addicts in recovery in the women's camps of Amol and Babol cities, as a result, the generalization of its findings to other women in other cities is limited and caution should be observed. In addition, it was not possible to hold the follow-up stage and measure the stability of cognitive behavioral therapy in different time intervals. It is suggested that this research be carried out in other cities of Iran and their results be compared and investigated with the findings of this research and the follow-up phase be carried out. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on rumination, it is suggested to the officials and workers of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and the Welfare Organization of the country to use cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce rumination on addicted women. In addition, considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the tolerance of distress among recovering addict women, it is suggested to the officials and workers of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education as well as the Welfare Organization as the trustees of the treatment and prevention of addiction and social harms. In order to improve the state of tolerance of distress among addicted women, use training based on the skills of cognitive-behavioral approaches.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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