Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-12 |
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Research code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1401.006
Ethics code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1401.006
Clinical trials code: IR.IAU.AMOL.REC.1401.006
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Shakeri Sharafabadi M, Hosseini S H, Marzband R. Prediction of Pathological Grief Based on Religious Orientation in the Families of the Deceased Corona Patients in Sari City. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-12
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8485-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8485-en.html
1- M.A Master of Clinical Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
2- Professor Professor, Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ,hosseini@yahoo.com
3- Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2- Professor Professor, Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ,
3- Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abstract: (1521 Views)
Background & Aims: The coronavirus was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and in January 2020, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency. The widespread spread of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 not only poses a serious threat to people's physical health, but is also associated with psychological distress and the occurrence of mental disorders, such that the level of depression, anxiety, obsession, death anxiety and even suicide increased during the corona pandemic. Since the death rate during this pandemic has reached a significant figure of 7 million people, therefore, in addition to the psychological problems of the people saved from the corona pandemic, they may have other problems such as the burial of relatives, the impossibility of holding a funeral ceremony, Burials in special places and away from other relatives of the deceased are also encountered, which may cause the psychological problems of the deceased's family members to intensify.
One of the sad things for the families of patients who died due to Corona is the issue of transportation and burial conditions and the impossibility of holding a mourning ceremony. Considering that the deceased due to the covid virus must be buried under special health conditions and their families are not allowed to see the deceased and say goodbye to their loved ones, their family members may experience abnormal or pathological mourning. This mourning occurs when the mourning is incomplete or incomplete and the person did not participate in the funeral ceremony, or avoided, or did not accept the loss and was in denial. Also, if the type of death of the deceased person is unexpected and sudden or if the person has lost several people at the same time, the possibility of experiencing pathological grief is also higher. Since there has not been any research on the pathological mourning of the families of the corona virus deceased and its relationship with religious orientations, the aim of this research was to predict the pathological mourning based on the religious orientation in the deceased families of Sari city.
Methods: Regarding the nature of this study, in terms of its purpose, it is in the category of fundamental research, and in terms of its implementation method, it is in the descriptive-correlational research group. In fact, the researcher has only measured the research variables simultaneously without any intervention in the research process. The statistical population of this research includes all families who lost one of their relatives due to the corona virus in Sari city between 2022-2023. In the book Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Delaware (2023) considers the number of samples necessary for correlation research to be at least 150 people.which is here for validity and to prevent calculation errors and considering the dropout and invalid questionnaires. 300 people were considered, and after the final review and by discarding incomplete answers and repetitive or non-principled answering patterns, the total number of samples included in the study, which were selected by available sampling method, was 270 people.
Among the most important criteria for entering the study are the loss of a first-degree relative between 1400-1401, living in Sari city, at least 18 years old, not receiving any medical and psychotherapy intervention during the research period and not suffering from other mental disorders led to hospitalization during the research period. Also, losing any of the criteria for entering the study, withdrawing from participation.
Results: The number of final participants in this study was 270, of which 114 (42.2%) were men and 156 (57.8%) were women. As can be seen from Table 2, the mean (standard deviation) for pathological grief was 86.05 (18.38), external religious orientation was 30.65 (4.45) and internal religious orientation was 20.65 (5.00). Also, the values of skewness and kurtosis are in the range of -2 to +2 in all cases, which means that the data has a normal distribution. The results of the Pearson correlation test are reported below. Table 3 also examines the correlation by Pearson method. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between religious orientation and pathological grief, and its rate was 0.513 (p<.001). Also, the correlation of internal religious orientation with pathological grief was negative and significant (-0.592) and with external religious orientation (-0.467) was negative and significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The aim of the present study was to predict pathological grief based on religious orientation (internal-external) in the families of the deceased due to Corona in Sari city. The results of the multiple regression test showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between internal religious orientation and pathological grief. This means that people who had an internal religious orientation were less likely to experience pathological grief during the corona pandemic. These results are consistent with the study of Bashirpour et al., who showed that people with a religious orientation not only have a better acceptance of the phenomenon of death, but also have a higher quality of life. In studies abroad, Gavern et al. (2019) showed that cancer patients who have an internal religious orientation have better adaptation to death than others. In other consistent results, Park et al. (2021) showed that people who are religious and spiritual choose better coping methods to accept the grief of others and their adaptation to the phenomenon of bereavement is better.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between religious orientation and pathological mourning among the families of the deceased due to Corona; So that people with an external religious orientation is more likely to experience pathological grief, and people with an internal religious orientation are less exposed to pathological grief due to their higher adaptability and resilience. Therefore, it is suggested to specialists and psychotherapists to pay attention to the role of religious orientations in their work with bereaved patients and to help religious people to accept grief and get rid of pathological grief by relying on religious beliefs.
One of the sad things for the families of patients who died due to Corona is the issue of transportation and burial conditions and the impossibility of holding a mourning ceremony. Considering that the deceased due to the covid virus must be buried under special health conditions and their families are not allowed to see the deceased and say goodbye to their loved ones, their family members may experience abnormal or pathological mourning. This mourning occurs when the mourning is incomplete or incomplete and the person did not participate in the funeral ceremony, or avoided, or did not accept the loss and was in denial. Also, if the type of death of the deceased person is unexpected and sudden or if the person has lost several people at the same time, the possibility of experiencing pathological grief is also higher. Since there has not been any research on the pathological mourning of the families of the corona virus deceased and its relationship with religious orientations, the aim of this research was to predict the pathological mourning based on the religious orientation in the deceased families of Sari city.
Methods: Regarding the nature of this study, in terms of its purpose, it is in the category of fundamental research, and in terms of its implementation method, it is in the descriptive-correlational research group. In fact, the researcher has only measured the research variables simultaneously without any intervention in the research process. The statistical population of this research includes all families who lost one of their relatives due to the corona virus in Sari city between 2022-2023. In the book Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Delaware (2023) considers the number of samples necessary for correlation research to be at least 150 people.which is here for validity and to prevent calculation errors and considering the dropout and invalid questionnaires. 300 people were considered, and after the final review and by discarding incomplete answers and repetitive or non-principled answering patterns, the total number of samples included in the study, which were selected by available sampling method, was 270 people.
Among the most important criteria for entering the study are the loss of a first-degree relative between 1400-1401, living in Sari city, at least 18 years old, not receiving any medical and psychotherapy intervention during the research period and not suffering from other mental disorders led to hospitalization during the research period. Also, losing any of the criteria for entering the study, withdrawing from participation.
Results: The number of final participants in this study was 270, of which 114 (42.2%) were men and 156 (57.8%) were women. As can be seen from Table 2, the mean (standard deviation) for pathological grief was 86.05 (18.38), external religious orientation was 30.65 (4.45) and internal religious orientation was 20.65 (5.00). Also, the values of skewness and kurtosis are in the range of -2 to +2 in all cases, which means that the data has a normal distribution. The results of the Pearson correlation test are reported below. Table 3 also examines the correlation by Pearson method. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between religious orientation and pathological grief, and its rate was 0.513 (p<.001). Also, the correlation of internal religious orientation with pathological grief was negative and significant (-0.592) and with external religious orientation (-0.467) was negative and significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The aim of the present study was to predict pathological grief based on religious orientation (internal-external) in the families of the deceased due to Corona in Sari city. The results of the multiple regression test showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between internal religious orientation and pathological grief. This means that people who had an internal religious orientation were less likely to experience pathological grief during the corona pandemic. These results are consistent with the study of Bashirpour et al., who showed that people with a religious orientation not only have a better acceptance of the phenomenon of death, but also have a higher quality of life. In studies abroad, Gavern et al. (2019) showed that cancer patients who have an internal religious orientation have better adaptation to death than others. In other consistent results, Park et al. (2021) showed that people who are religious and spiritual choose better coping methods to accept the grief of others and their adaptation to the phenomenon of bereavement is better.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between religious orientation and pathological mourning among the families of the deceased due to Corona; So that people with an external religious orientation is more likely to experience pathological grief, and people with an internal religious orientation are less exposed to pathological grief due to their higher adaptability and resilience. Therefore, it is suggested to specialists and psychotherapists to pay attention to the role of religious orientations in their work with bereaved patients and to help religious people to accept grief and get rid of pathological grief by relying on religious beliefs.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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