Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-18 |
Back to browse issues page
Research code: 27481
Ethics code: IR.SBMU.PHARMACY.REC.1400.032
Clinical trials code: 0
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Barabadi H, Vahidi H, Ameri Shah Reza M, Soltani M, Jounaki K, Sadeghian-Abadi S et al . Biosynthesis of Silver and Selenium Nanoparticles Using Lentinus edodes Mushroom Supernatant and Structural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-18
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8398-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8398-en.html
Hamed Barabadi *1 
, Hossein Vahidi2 , Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza3 , Maha Soltani4 , Kamyar Jounaki5 , Salar Sadeghian-Abadi5 , Maryam Babaei Sabet4
, Hossein Vahidi2 , Mahdieh Ameri Shah Reza3 , Maha Soltani4 , Kamyar Jounaki5 , Salar Sadeghian-Abadi5 , Maryam Babaei Sabet4
1- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , barabadi@sbmu.ac.ir
2- Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
4- Doctor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- PhD Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
4- Doctor of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5- PhD Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (2208 Views)
Background & Aims: Nanobiotechnology represents an interdisciplinary field that integrates the principles of biotechnology and nanotechnology to design and develop novel functional nanomaterials with broad applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental remediation, and industrial processes. One of the most actively investigated areas within this field is the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles with dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm. This approach has gained considerable attention because biologically mediated synthesis routes offer significant advantages over conventional physicochemical methods, including reduced energy requirements, elimination of toxic chemical reagents, and improved environmental compatibility. Moreover, biosynthesis is generally more sustainable and cost-effective, while enabling the production of nanoparticles with enhanced biocompatibility and functional surface chemistry, which are particularly desirable for biomedical and therapeutic applications. Among various biological approaches, fungus-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is particularly promising because fungi are capable of producing large quantities of extracellular biomolecules that act as reducing and stabilizing agents. However, the use of certain fungal species is limited by their toxicity or lack of safety for human-related applications. Therefore, the identification and utilization of safe, non-toxic fungi capable of synthesizing metal nanoparticles with controlled size distribution and morphology remains a critical and emerging area of research. Lentinus edodes is a widely consumed medicinal mushroom with well-documented therapeutic properties and a strong safety profile. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of extracellular synthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles using the culture supernatant of L. edodes. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of the resulting mycosynthesized nanoparticles were investigated and comparatively analyzed.
Methods: In this experimental study, L. edodes was initially cultivated in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) under controlled conditions, after which the fungal biomass was separated from the culture medium. Subsequently, 100 mL of a 1 mM aqueous metal salt solution containing either silver or selenium ions was mixed with 100 mL of the obtained fungal supernatant and incubated at 28 °C for 48 h to facilitate extracellular nanoparticle synthesis. The formation of silver and selenium nanoparticles in the supernatant was systematically examined. Preliminary confirmation of nanoparticle biosynthesis was achieved through macroscopic observations, including characteristic color changes of the reaction mixture and evaluation of the Tyndall effect to verify colloidal dispersion. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was then performed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Finally, the antioxidant potential of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
Results: The successful biosynthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles was initially indicated by a distinct color change of the reaction mixtures to brown and orange, respectively, which is characteristic of nanoparticle formation due to surface plasmon resonance phenomena. The presence of a stable colloidal system was subsequently verified by observation of the Tyndall effect, confirming the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the solution. In the next step, the mycofabrication of nanoparticles was confirmed by employing DLS, FE-SEM, and FT-IR. The fungal species L. edodes demonstrated effective biosynthetic capability, producing silver and selenium nanoparticles with mean hydrodynamic diameters of 91.79 nm and 85.75 nm, respectively. The corresponding polydispersity index (PdI) values were 0.56 for silver nanoparticles and 0.434 for selenium nanoparticles, indicating moderate size distribution under alkaline conditions (pH 10). Based on FE-SEM images, nanoparticles were synthesized with a spherical morphology. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups on the surface of the biosynthesized nanoparticles, indicating the involvement of fungal-derived biomolecules in their formation. These functional groups are associated with conjugated biomolecules that act as surface capping and stabilizing agents around the nanoparticles. Such biomolecular coatings play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the nanoparticle colloidal system by preventing aggregation. Moreover, these fungal biomolecules are likely to modulate the biological activity and performance of the nanoparticles by influencing their surface chemistry and interactions with biological systems. Furthermore, at a concentration of 0.5 mM, the biosynthesized silver and selenium nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity, scavenging 49.04 ± 1.50% and 49.81 ± 1.79% of DPPH free radicals, respectively, indicating their comparable free radical inhibition capacity.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that L. edodes is capable of extracellularly synthesizing silver and selenium nanoparticles by acting as a biological reducing agent, facilitating the reduction of silver and selenium ions into their corresponding nanoscale forms. The mycosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity, representing their potential biomedical relevance. The biological performance of these nanosized materials is influenced by multiple physicochemical parameters, including particle size, morphology, surface chemistry, and the nature of the associated capping biomolecules. Although the nanoparticles displayed significant antioxidant activity under in vitro conditions, comprehensive in vivo investigations are essential to validate their antioxidant efficacy within biological systems. Furthermore, future animal-based studies are required to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of these nanoparticles, which are significant for assessing their safety and therapeutic applicability.
Keywords: Biological synthesis, Selenium nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles, Lentinus edodes, Antioxidant effect
Send email to the article author
