Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-10 |
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Research code: 1
Ethics code: IR.IAU.TON.REC.1401.076
Clinical trials code: 1
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Norouzi M, Benisi P, Delfan Azari G A. The Effectiveness of Short-Term Intensive Dynamic Psychotherapy on Cognitive Distortions in Working Mothers with Autistic Children. RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-10
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8255-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8255-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , parenazbanisi2017@gmail.com
Abstract: (628 Views)
Bakcground & Aims: : Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by persistent impairment in reciprocal social interaction, delayed or distorted communication, and a limited stereotyped communication pattern. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy on cognitive distortions in working mothers with autistic children.
Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test design. The research ethics code is IR.IAU.TON.REC.1401.076, which has been approved by the Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch. Among the working mothers with children with autism who referred to the rehabilitation center in Tehran, who underwent the necessary examinations for neurological and psychiatric diseases and psychotic disorders and no abnormalities or mental disorders were seen in them, 20 people were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of10 people, experimental and control. Both groups completed the 20-question cognitive distortion questionnaire of Abdollahzadeh and Maryam Salar (2010) before and after the intervention. Each of the questionnaire questions is rated on a 1-5 scale (strongly agree, agree, no opinion, disagree, and strongly disagree) and measures the cognitive distortions proposed based on Albert Ellis's theory, and each irrational thought is assigned 2 statements. Thus, distortion number one (all-or-nothing thinking) statements 1 and 2, distortion number two (overgeneralization) statements 3 and 4, distortion number three (mental filter) statements 5 and 6, distortion number four (ignoring the positive) statements 7 and 8, distortion number five (judging and predicting, including mind reading and wrong thinking) statements 9 and 10, distortion number six (macro and micro) statements 11 and 14, distortion number seven (emotional reasoning) statements 12 and 13, distortion number eight (the phrase should be better) statements 15 and 16, distortion number nine (labeling) statements 17 and 18, distortion number ten (personalization) statements 19 and 20 have been measured.
The experimental group then attended 9 sessions, two 60-minute sessions per week, according to the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach, and received the necessary treatments. Finally, the data were analyzed using analysis of variance and SPSS version 23 software.
Results: The results showed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy had a positive and significant effect on reducing cognitive distortions (p ≤0.05) in working mothers of autistic children with cognitive distortions. Conclusion: Short-term dynamic psychotherapy can be used to reduce cognitive distortions and, consequently, to improve the mental health of mothers of autistic children with cognitive distortions.
Conclusion: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy on cognitive distortions in working mothers with autistic children, and the results are as follows. According to the research hypothesis, the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach is effective on cognitive distortions in working mothers in the post-test.
The result of the present study showed that at a significance level of 0.05, cognitive distortions in the subjects of the experimental group had a significant decrease after short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy. In other words, short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy had a significant effect on reducing cognitive distortions in working mothers in the experimental group. This result was consistent with the results of previous studies (1). In explaining the results, it can be said that in this method, thoughts and feelings are accepted as they are. On the other hand, by creating insight in patients, it provides the basis for obtaining better treatment results. By increasing psychological and mental acceptance of internal experiences, in fact, active and effective confrontation with thoughts and feelings, avoiding avoidance, changing the view of oneself and the story in which the individual has imposed the role of victim on himself, reviewing values and goals in life, and ultimately positive beliefs about oneself and self-efficacy can be considered as the main effective factors in this treatment method. In the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach, the therapist helps the client experience real repressed feelings without suppressing them, making value judgments about them, and experiencing secondary emotions such as shame and guilt after experiencing this behavior, thought, and feeling (2). The results of the present study are consistent with the results of previous studies (3) and confirm the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy on rumination. Therefore, it can be concluded that intensive short-term dynamic therapy has improved the mental health of mothers with autistic children compared to the control group. The results of the hypothesis show that intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy has been effective on mental health. The results of the present study showed that it was in line with the results of other colleagues' research (5) in this field. Cognitive distortions are the strongest predictors of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders. People with cognitive distortions experience distortions in their thoughts such as overgeneralization, hasty conclusions, and personalization of things, and these negative thoughts can be traced to persistent and uncontrollable internal attributions. Cognitive researchers have called the moment-to-moment stream of consciousness of ideas, beliefs, or images automatic thoughts (6). The results confirm the effect of short-term intensive psychodynamic intervention on cognitive distortions in working mothers of children with autism; therefore, it is recommended that this type of intervention be used under the supervision of a specialist to reduce cognitive distortions and, consequently, improve the mental health of mothers and children.
Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test design. The research ethics code is IR.IAU.TON.REC.1401.076, which has been approved by the Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch. Among the working mothers with children with autism who referred to the rehabilitation center in Tehran, who underwent the necessary examinations for neurological and psychiatric diseases and psychotic disorders and no abnormalities or mental disorders were seen in them, 20 people were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of10 people, experimental and control. Both groups completed the 20-question cognitive distortion questionnaire of Abdollahzadeh and Maryam Salar (2010) before and after the intervention. Each of the questionnaire questions is rated on a 1-5 scale (strongly agree, agree, no opinion, disagree, and strongly disagree) and measures the cognitive distortions proposed based on Albert Ellis's theory, and each irrational thought is assigned 2 statements. Thus, distortion number one (all-or-nothing thinking) statements 1 and 2, distortion number two (overgeneralization) statements 3 and 4, distortion number three (mental filter) statements 5 and 6, distortion number four (ignoring the positive) statements 7 and 8, distortion number five (judging and predicting, including mind reading and wrong thinking) statements 9 and 10, distortion number six (macro and micro) statements 11 and 14, distortion number seven (emotional reasoning) statements 12 and 13, distortion number eight (the phrase should be better) statements 15 and 16, distortion number nine (labeling) statements 17 and 18, distortion number ten (personalization) statements 19 and 20 have been measured.
The experimental group then attended 9 sessions, two 60-minute sessions per week, according to the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach, and received the necessary treatments. Finally, the data were analyzed using analysis of variance and SPSS version 23 software.
Results: The results showed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy had a positive and significant effect on reducing cognitive distortions (p ≤0.05) in working mothers of autistic children with cognitive distortions. Conclusion: Short-term dynamic psychotherapy can be used to reduce cognitive distortions and, consequently, to improve the mental health of mothers of autistic children with cognitive distortions.
Conclusion: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy on cognitive distortions in working mothers with autistic children, and the results are as follows. According to the research hypothesis, the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach is effective on cognitive distortions in working mothers in the post-test.
The result of the present study showed that at a significance level of 0.05, cognitive distortions in the subjects of the experimental group had a significant decrease after short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy. In other words, short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy had a significant effect on reducing cognitive distortions in working mothers in the experimental group. This result was consistent with the results of previous studies (1). In explaining the results, it can be said that in this method, thoughts and feelings are accepted as they are. On the other hand, by creating insight in patients, it provides the basis for obtaining better treatment results. By increasing psychological and mental acceptance of internal experiences, in fact, active and effective confrontation with thoughts and feelings, avoiding avoidance, changing the view of oneself and the story in which the individual has imposed the role of victim on himself, reviewing values and goals in life, and ultimately positive beliefs about oneself and self-efficacy can be considered as the main effective factors in this treatment method. In the short-term intensive psychodynamic approach, the therapist helps the client experience real repressed feelings without suppressing them, making value judgments about them, and experiencing secondary emotions such as shame and guilt after experiencing this behavior, thought, and feeling (2). The results of the present study are consistent with the results of previous studies (3) and confirm the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy on rumination. Therefore, it can be concluded that intensive short-term dynamic therapy has improved the mental health of mothers with autistic children compared to the control group. The results of the hypothesis show that intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy has been effective on mental health. The results of the present study showed that it was in line with the results of other colleagues' research (5) in this field. Cognitive distortions are the strongest predictors of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders. People with cognitive distortions experience distortions in their thoughts such as overgeneralization, hasty conclusions, and personalization of things, and these negative thoughts can be traced to persistent and uncontrollable internal attributions. Cognitive researchers have called the moment-to-moment stream of consciousness of ideas, beliefs, or images automatic thoughts (6). The results confirm the effect of short-term intensive psychodynamic intervention on cognitive distortions in working mothers of children with autism; therefore, it is recommended that this type of intervention be used under the supervision of a specialist to reduce cognitive distortions and, consequently, improve the mental health of mothers and children.
Keywords: Intensive Dynamic Short-Term Active Psychotherapy, Cognitive Distortion, Autism Working Mothers Stress
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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