Volume 28, Issue 3 (5-2021)
RJMS 2021, 28(3): 229-245 |
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Abdollahi M R, abolhassan shirazi H. The direct impact of sanctions on health, physical and mental health. RJMS 2021; 28 (3) :229-245
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6851-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6851-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Habib_shirazi@yahoo.com
Abstract: (1803 Views)
Background & Aims: One of the problems of crisis management in Iran is how to provide resources to carry out its activities in the face of severe economic sanctions. One of the economic and political tools to impose the demands of one country, in other words, to secure its interests by another country, is to use sanctions. In this case, the large and influential country in the world of politics and economics will be able to impose economic and political costs on the smaller country by imposing restrictions on the smaller economy and the less influential one. The association of other important economic and political actors of the world with the great provocative country takes on more serious dimensions. The same situation is assumed in the case of sanctions imposed on the Iranian economy. Sanctions are a series of actions that are applied without the use of threatening forces against the country, target or individual. International sanctions are penalties imposed in the context of the declared consequences of a failure to comply with international standards or requirements. Sanctions are instrumentally classified into economic and non-economic sanctions; Non-economic sanctions, such as not issuing visas to officials of the embargoed government in an international organization, opposing the embargoed country's offer to host important international events such as the World Cup, the Olympics, etc., can be achieved by means other than imposing economic costs. Economic sanctions have trade and financial aspects that in trade sanctions, prohibitions and restrictions on exports and imports are applied, but in financial sanctions, the sanctioner refrains from financial transactions, money transfers and investments, and uses his influence in International financial institutions prevent any technical cooperation, formal investment or lending agreements Seventhly, it should be noted that the most severe form of financial sanctions is the freezing or confiscation of the assets of the sanctioned country or their leaders. The main question that arises in this regard is what effect have the sanctions had on the health, public health and supply of medicine in Iran?
Methods: The present study was based on descriptive and analytical methods. According to the library research method, for collecting information after bibliography and collecting various political sources, filing tools and note-taking forms were used.
Results: In order to explain the direct effects of sanctions on the current state of society, different theories and views by economists. Politicians and community health managers have been raised. The results of this study show that the health status, public health and welfare of citizens as well as the status of drug supply are directly affected by sanctions.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that economic sanctions have definitely always been associated with harmful effects that, without any distinction or distinction, harm the military and civilian forces, especially the vulnerable groups of countries. Difficulty and even lack of access to arbitrators, lack of currency transfer and the impossibility of providing drugs and in general the negative impact on the right to health and welfare of citizens and the inability of the government to ensure the right to health, the most important negative effects of sanctions on management The crisis is an unexpected event in Iran. The results of the paper showed that international sanctions have directly and indirectly affected the country's crisis management in the last decade. Sanctions, in particular, have created serious obstacles to the supply of needed medicines and the delivery of humanitarian aid. Sanctions on foreign exchange transactions and Iranian banks have severely restricted the opening of credit to importers of drugs and medical equipment, which has effectively led to the extension of sanctions to drugs and medical equipment. A number of pharmaceutical companies are refusing to sell drugs and medical equipment directly to Iran because of sanctions and to avoid the possible consequences of violating sanctions or even being barred from US markets. As a result, access to these detrimental items from international intermediaries at unconventional prices is restricted. Due to the expansion of sanctions on shipping companies and the lack of insurance for Iranian shipments, the cost of transportation to Iran has increased, which includes the increase in the cost of medicine and medical equipment, while there are reports of non-shipment, including drug shipments to Iran in There is a result of sanctions. The imbalance in the balance between the price of Rials and valid foreign currencies as a result of sanctions has led to an increase in the price of imported drugs and medical equipment, and as a result of the inability of the majority of patients to prohibit drugs.
Methods: The present study was based on descriptive and analytical methods. According to the library research method, for collecting information after bibliography and collecting various political sources, filing tools and note-taking forms were used.
Results: In order to explain the direct effects of sanctions on the current state of society, different theories and views by economists. Politicians and community health managers have been raised. The results of this study show that the health status, public health and welfare of citizens as well as the status of drug supply are directly affected by sanctions.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that economic sanctions have definitely always been associated with harmful effects that, without any distinction or distinction, harm the military and civilian forces, especially the vulnerable groups of countries. Difficulty and even lack of access to arbitrators, lack of currency transfer and the impossibility of providing drugs and in general the negative impact on the right to health and welfare of citizens and the inability of the government to ensure the right to health, the most important negative effects of sanctions on management The crisis is an unexpected event in Iran. The results of the paper showed that international sanctions have directly and indirectly affected the country's crisis management in the last decade. Sanctions, in particular, have created serious obstacles to the supply of needed medicines and the delivery of humanitarian aid. Sanctions on foreign exchange transactions and Iranian banks have severely restricted the opening of credit to importers of drugs and medical equipment, which has effectively led to the extension of sanctions to drugs and medical equipment. A number of pharmaceutical companies are refusing to sell drugs and medical equipment directly to Iran because of sanctions and to avoid the possible consequences of violating sanctions or even being barred from US markets. As a result, access to these detrimental items from international intermediaries at unconventional prices is restricted. Due to the expansion of sanctions on shipping companies and the lack of insurance for Iranian shipments, the cost of transportation to Iran has increased, which includes the increase in the cost of medicine and medical equipment, while there are reports of non-shipment, including drug shipments to Iran in There is a result of sanctions. The imbalance in the balance between the price of Rials and valid foreign currencies as a result of sanctions has led to an increase in the price of imported drugs and medical equipment, and as a result of the inability of the majority of patients to prohibit drugs.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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