Volume 28, Issue 4 (7-2021)
RJMS 2021, 28(4): 57-65 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.M.REC.1396.186
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Amerian D, Nemti N A, Azarbayjani M A, BagherPoor T. Interactive effect of exercise training and octopamine on SIRT-1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue of male rats fed with DFO. RJMS 2021; 28 (4) :57-65
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6640-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6640-en.html
Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Semnan, Iran , Nnemati258@gmail.com
Abstract: (1930 Views)
Background & Aims: Normally, there is a good balance between the production of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defense. Disruption of this balance causes oxidative stress. Some studies show that heated oils in food can be a source of free radicals in the body. The reason for this is that, the harmful effects of high temperature and heat on the production of trans fatty acids, which increase the production of free radicals by increasing lipid peroxidation. Consumption of fast food and fried foods causes oxidative stress and obesity in people. Brown adipose tissue as a specialized thermoregulatory organ and mitochondria as a source of oxidative stress and a site of beta- oxidation and production of antioxidants are very important. SIRT1 is located in the nucleus and is one of the first known genes involved in the cellular response to stress and the recall of fatty acids from fat cells in the human body. SIRT1 is recognized as an essential protein in antioxidant defense and homeostatic control. Studies have shown that antioxidant activity in various tissues of the body can be affected through stimulants such as exercise training or the use of herbal supplements such as octopamine, which is an effective ingredient in bitter orange. Both exercise training and octopamine have antioxidant properties and have the ability to activate catecholamines and beta-energy receptors in adipose tissue. So the purpose of the present study was to determine an interactive effect of exercise training and octopamine on SIRT-1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue of male rats fed with DFO.
Methods: In an experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing an average of 300 to 350 g and aged 8 weeks were purchased. All rats were kept in polycarbonate cages (5 mice per cage) at 22 2 2 ° C, 55% humidity and under the light and dark cycle for 12:12 hours without restriction on water and food. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control (n=6), deep frying oil (DFO, n=6), aerobic training + DFO (n=6), octopamine + DFO (n=6) and aerobic training + octopamine + DFO (n=6). Intraperitoneal injection of 10 ml/kg of octopamine and Gavage of deep frying oil were done five times a week and every day, respectively.
In order to adapt the rats in the aerobic training group, before starting the main training program, the rats in this group ran at a speed of 9 m / min for 20 minutes for a week. The aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 5 sessions per week. The training session included 5 minutes of warm-up at 7 m / min and 5 minutes of cooling at 5 m / min. The intensity of training started in the first week with 50% vo2max and a speed of 16 m / min, and in the last week it reached 65% vo2max and a speed of 26 m / min. To prepare deep frying oil, 8 liters of sunflower oil was heated for 190 consecutive days at a temperature of 190 to 200 ° C for 4 consecutive days.48 hours after the last training session and 8 hours of fasting, all rats were anesthetized with chloroform and then sacrificed. The brown adipose tissue was immediately removed from the body and stored in a nitrogen tank at -80°C. SIRT1 gene expression was measured by Real time PCR. Independent t-test, two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. All the analyses were done by SPSS software version 21, and the charts were drawn using Microsoft Excel software version 16. The significance level was p <0.05.
Results: The results showed that consumption of deep frying oil induced a significant decrease in gene expression of SIRT-1 (P<0.05) compared to the healthy control group. The aerobic training group and octopamine group showed a significant increase in gene expression of SIRT-1 compared to DFO group (P<0.05). The interaction effect of aerobic training and octopamine caused the non-significant difference in SIRT-1 gene expression (P>0.05) in comparison with the DFO group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, oxidative stress due to deep heated oil is one of the inhibitors of SIRT-1 activity. Stimulation of upstream mechanisms by octopamine appears to stimulate SIRT1 activity. Aerobic training also increases SIRT1 gene expression by activating cell surface receptors of epinephrine. The interactive effect of aerobic training and octopamine did not increase statistically significantly, but these positive changes are also physiologically important. To see a significant increase in a synergistic effect, it may be necessary to change factors such as the duration and intensity of training or the dose of octopamine. Briefly, it appears that aerobic training and octopamine can cause an increase of SIRT-1 gene expression of brown adipose tissue by stimulating catecholamines.
Methods: In an experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing an average of 300 to 350 g and aged 8 weeks were purchased. All rats were kept in polycarbonate cages (5 mice per cage) at 22 2 2 ° C, 55% humidity and under the light and dark cycle for 12:12 hours without restriction on water and food. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control (n=6), deep frying oil (DFO, n=6), aerobic training + DFO (n=6), octopamine + DFO (n=6) and aerobic training + octopamine + DFO (n=6). Intraperitoneal injection of 10 ml/kg of octopamine and Gavage of deep frying oil were done five times a week and every day, respectively.
In order to adapt the rats in the aerobic training group, before starting the main training program, the rats in this group ran at a speed of 9 m / min for 20 minutes for a week. The aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 5 sessions per week. The training session included 5 minutes of warm-up at 7 m / min and 5 minutes of cooling at 5 m / min. The intensity of training started in the first week with 50% vo2max and a speed of 16 m / min, and in the last week it reached 65% vo2max and a speed of 26 m / min. To prepare deep frying oil, 8 liters of sunflower oil was heated for 190 consecutive days at a temperature of 190 to 200 ° C for 4 consecutive days.48 hours after the last training session and 8 hours of fasting, all rats were anesthetized with chloroform and then sacrificed. The brown adipose tissue was immediately removed from the body and stored in a nitrogen tank at -80°C. SIRT1 gene expression was measured by Real time PCR. Independent t-test, two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. All the analyses were done by SPSS software version 21, and the charts were drawn using Microsoft Excel software version 16. The significance level was p <0.05.
Results: The results showed that consumption of deep frying oil induced a significant decrease in gene expression of SIRT-1 (P<0.05) compared to the healthy control group. The aerobic training group and octopamine group showed a significant increase in gene expression of SIRT-1 compared to DFO group (P<0.05). The interaction effect of aerobic training and octopamine caused the non-significant difference in SIRT-1 gene expression (P>0.05) in comparison with the DFO group.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, oxidative stress due to deep heated oil is one of the inhibitors of SIRT-1 activity. Stimulation of upstream mechanisms by octopamine appears to stimulate SIRT1 activity. Aerobic training also increases SIRT1 gene expression by activating cell surface receptors of epinephrine. The interactive effect of aerobic training and octopamine did not increase statistically significantly, but these positive changes are also physiologically important. To see a significant increase in a synergistic effect, it may be necessary to change factors such as the duration and intensity of training or the dose of octopamine. Briefly, it appears that aerobic training and octopamine can cause an increase of SIRT-1 gene expression of brown adipose tissue by stimulating catecholamines.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
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