Volume 27, Issue 5 (7-2020)
RJMS 2020, 27(5): 261-269 |
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Naseri Rad R, Farajtabar Behrestaq S. The effect of aerobic training program on determinant markers of diabetes in adult men with asthma patients with mild to moderate intensity. RJMS 2020; 27 (5) :261-269
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5960-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5960-en.html
Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , rnaseri2018@yahoo.com
Abstract: (2492 Views)
Background: The growing obesity and some chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes have been the focus of many health researchers over the past two decades. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of a relatively long period of aerobic exercise on serum levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance as indicators for determining diabetes in adult men with asthma.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the effect of a period of aerobic exercise on fasting levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in a group of men with chronic asthma was investigated (Saveh, Spring 1398). The statistical population consists of adult men (age 36-48 years, weight 105-80 kg, height 176-170 cm) with asthma in Saveh. The statistical sample consists of 28 asthma patients who were invited to participate in the study during a call at the medical centers in the city, who were welcomed to participate in the study in an accessible manner and with the approval of a cardiologist, and then Randomly divided into experimental groups (participation in the quarterly training program) and control (not participating in the training program). Before the study, all patients were informed of the objectives of the study by the administrators and completed the consent form.
Sampling and exercise protocol: To measure biochemical variables, 5 cc of blood was drawn from the brachial vein after 10 to 12 hours of night starvation between 8 and 9 am. Subjects were asked to refrain from any strenuous physical activity for 2 days before sampling. Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose and insulin levels. Then, the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise course. Aerobic exercise was performed in the form of 3 sessions per week for three months. Each training session lasted 60 to 80 minutes. Intensity of exercise during the exercise program ranged from 60 to 80% of maximum heart rate. As the intensity or duration of each training session increased compared to previous sessions by observing the principle of overload. The control group was prohibited from exercising during this period. Exercises were performed with warm-up for 10 minutes, then stretching exercises, endurance exercises in the form of running on a flat surface and pedaling on a stationary bike, and special exercises to strengthen the chest muscles and finally cooling down. Finally, 48 hours after the last training session, measurement of anthropometric indices and fasting blood sampling were repeated with the aim of measuring fasting insulin and glucose levels. Blood samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the resulting serum. Fasting glucose was measured enzymatically by glucose oxidase by Kobas autoanalyzer. Insulin was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit made by the German company Demeditec. The coefficients of intragroup and extragroup changes and serum insulin sensitivity were 2.6, 2.88% and 1.76 IU / ml, respectively. Using fasting insulin and glucose measurements, insulin resistance was measured in each patient.
Statistical analysis: Raw data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the central indices and dispersion and independent t-test was used to compare the baseline levels of the variables between the experimental and control groups. Dependent t-test was used to compare the changes of each variable in response to the training program compared to baseline levels. Alpha less than 5% was considered as a significant level. Raw data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the central indices and dispersion and independent t-test was used to compare the baseline levels of the variables between the experimental and control groups. Dependent t-test was used to compare the changes of each variable in response to the training program compared to baseline levels.
Results: Information on the levels of anthropometric and biochemical markers in baseline and post-exercise conditions is summarized in Table 1. Findings are presented in terms of mean and standard deviation. The results of independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the baseline levels of each of the anthropometric indices, spirometry indices and diabetes diagnostic markers between the experimental and control groups. Exercise program was associated with weight loss, body fat percentage and body mass index as well as other anthropometric markers such as abdominal circumference (p<0.05). On the other hand, aerobic exercise led to a significant increase in FEV1 (p=0.023), FVC (p=0.014) and FEV1 / FVC (p=0.019) in the experimental group, but these variables changed in the control group Were not significant. On the other hand, the results of independent t-test showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in response to the quarterly aerobic exercise program in the experimental group (p=0.028). The aerobic exercise program also led to a significant reduction in insulin resistance in the experimental group compared to baseline levels (p=0.011). Statistical findings also showed a significant decrease in serum insulin levels in response to quarterly aerobic exercise in the experimental group (p=0.033). None of the dependent variables in the control group underwent significant changes (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: Significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin resistance in response to three months of aerobic exercise in adult men with asthma are the main findings of the present study. Although the main mechanisms for lowering glucose levels or insulin resistance in response to a variety of exercise programs are less well known in asthma patients, other hormonal changes or changes in body weight appear to be of particular importance in this category. The improvement in diabetes determinants in the present study may also be attributed to the increase in pulmonary function indices in response to aerobic exercise. Because aerobic exercise was associated with improvement in FVC, FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC in the patients studied. Some studies have suggested a significant relationship between decreased spirometry indices and a history of diabetes. Introduced a risk of outbreak of insulin resistance. Based on this evidence, the increase in spirometry indices representing pulmonary function due to aerobic exercise in the present study may be introduced as a possible effective mechanism in improving the diagnostic indices of diabetes in asthma patients studied. Elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in asthma patients have already been observed by some studies as researchers have suggested a link between asthma and insulin resistance. On the other hand, based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that providing relatively long-term aerobic exercise is associated with improved blood glucose profile and insulin resistance in these patients, although based on the findings of the present study and other previous studies, the improvement of these variables It can be attributed to hormonal changes, increased lung function and changes in body weight, but recognizing and presenting the main mechanisms responsible for these changes requires further studies in this area.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the effect of a period of aerobic exercise on fasting levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in a group of men with chronic asthma was investigated (Saveh, Spring 1398). The statistical population consists of adult men (age 36-48 years, weight 105-80 kg, height 176-170 cm) with asthma in Saveh. The statistical sample consists of 28 asthma patients who were invited to participate in the study during a call at the medical centers in the city, who were welcomed to participate in the study in an accessible manner and with the approval of a cardiologist, and then Randomly divided into experimental groups (participation in the quarterly training program) and control (not participating in the training program). Before the study, all patients were informed of the objectives of the study by the administrators and completed the consent form.
Sampling and exercise protocol: To measure biochemical variables, 5 cc of blood was drawn from the brachial vein after 10 to 12 hours of night starvation between 8 and 9 am. Subjects were asked to refrain from any strenuous physical activity for 2 days before sampling. Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose and insulin levels. Then, the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise course. Aerobic exercise was performed in the form of 3 sessions per week for three months. Each training session lasted 60 to 80 minutes. Intensity of exercise during the exercise program ranged from 60 to 80% of maximum heart rate. As the intensity or duration of each training session increased compared to previous sessions by observing the principle of overload. The control group was prohibited from exercising during this period. Exercises were performed with warm-up for 10 minutes, then stretching exercises, endurance exercises in the form of running on a flat surface and pedaling on a stationary bike, and special exercises to strengthen the chest muscles and finally cooling down. Finally, 48 hours after the last training session, measurement of anthropometric indices and fasting blood sampling were repeated with the aim of measuring fasting insulin and glucose levels. Blood samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the resulting serum. Fasting glucose was measured enzymatically by glucose oxidase by Kobas autoanalyzer. Insulin was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit made by the German company Demeditec. The coefficients of intragroup and extragroup changes and serum insulin sensitivity were 2.6, 2.88% and 1.76 IU / ml, respectively. Using fasting insulin and glucose measurements, insulin resistance was measured in each patient.
Statistical analysis: Raw data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the central indices and dispersion and independent t-test was used to compare the baseline levels of the variables between the experimental and control groups. Dependent t-test was used to compare the changes of each variable in response to the training program compared to baseline levels. Alpha less than 5% was considered as a significant level. Raw data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the central indices and dispersion and independent t-test was used to compare the baseline levels of the variables between the experimental and control groups. Dependent t-test was used to compare the changes of each variable in response to the training program compared to baseline levels.
Results: Information on the levels of anthropometric and biochemical markers in baseline and post-exercise conditions is summarized in Table 1. Findings are presented in terms of mean and standard deviation. The results of independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the baseline levels of each of the anthropometric indices, spirometry indices and diabetes diagnostic markers between the experimental and control groups. Exercise program was associated with weight loss, body fat percentage and body mass index as well as other anthropometric markers such as abdominal circumference (p<0.05). On the other hand, aerobic exercise led to a significant increase in FEV1 (p=0.023), FVC (p=0.014) and FEV1 / FVC (p=0.019) in the experimental group, but these variables changed in the control group Were not significant. On the other hand, the results of independent t-test showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in response to the quarterly aerobic exercise program in the experimental group (p=0.028). The aerobic exercise program also led to a significant reduction in insulin resistance in the experimental group compared to baseline levels (p=0.011). Statistical findings also showed a significant decrease in serum insulin levels in response to quarterly aerobic exercise in the experimental group (p=0.033). None of the dependent variables in the control group underwent significant changes (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: Significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin resistance in response to three months of aerobic exercise in adult men with asthma are the main findings of the present study. Although the main mechanisms for lowering glucose levels or insulin resistance in response to a variety of exercise programs are less well known in asthma patients, other hormonal changes or changes in body weight appear to be of particular importance in this category. The improvement in diabetes determinants in the present study may also be attributed to the increase in pulmonary function indices in response to aerobic exercise. Because aerobic exercise was associated with improvement in FVC, FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC in the patients studied. Some studies have suggested a significant relationship between decreased spirometry indices and a history of diabetes. Introduced a risk of outbreak of insulin resistance. Based on this evidence, the increase in spirometry indices representing pulmonary function due to aerobic exercise in the present study may be introduced as a possible effective mechanism in improving the diagnostic indices of diabetes in asthma patients studied. Elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in asthma patients have already been observed by some studies as researchers have suggested a link between asthma and insulin resistance. On the other hand, based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that providing relatively long-term aerobic exercise is associated with improved blood glucose profile and insulin resistance in these patients, although based on the findings of the present study and other previous studies, the improvement of these variables It can be attributed to hormonal changes, increased lung function and changes in body weight, but recognizing and presenting the main mechanisms responsible for these changes requires further studies in this area.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
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