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Ashkan Gholabi, Dr Akbar Ghalavand, Azin Barmala, Dr Maryam Sadegh Joola, Dr Alinaghi Gholami,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: As obesity reaches epidemic proportions in all ages from childhood, adolescence, youth, middle age and old age, it causes metabolic disorders and chronic diseases during the lifetime of these people (1-3). Convincing evidence has shown that increased adipose tissue mass is not only a consequence of obesity, but also plays an essential role in the development of obesity-related diseases, including insulin resistance (4). Obesity mediates most of its direct medical consequences through the development of insulin resistance. Multiple and complex pathogenic pathways link obesity with the development of insulin resistance, including chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (with reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress), gut microbiota dysbiosis, and fat extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, insulin resistance increases the weight gain associated with secondary hyperinsulinemia, resulting in a vicious cycle of worsening insulin resistance and its metabolic consequences. Finally, insulin resistance underlies other obesity-related diseases. Insulin resistance also underlies many obesity-related malignancies through the effects of compensatory hyperinsulinemia on the relatively intact Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which controls the processes of cell growth and mitoses. Furthermore, emerging data in recent decades support an important role of insulin resistance associated with central obesity and type 2 diabetes in the development of cognitive dysfunction, including effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity (18). Growing evidence suggests that ectopic fat accumulation is more closely related to diabetes physiology than other variables, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations. Several animal and epidemiological studies have shown that the accumulation of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane fractions due to aberrant fat accumulation or reduced fat oxidation is a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance through the activation of novel protein kinase C (nPKC). It is in liver tissues and skeletal muscles. Based on this pathophysiological mechanism of insulin resistance, suppression of lipid synthesis in the liver and stimulation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle provide a means to potentially reduce aberrant fat accumulation, improve insulin sensitivity, and ultimately prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. (19). Based on our current knowledge, no research has been found that has comprehensively investigated the effect of exercise training on insulin resistance related to obesity throughout life. Accordingly, the present study aims to review and summarize the effect of exercise training on insulin dysfunction related to obesity. Obesity is lifelong (from fetal period to old age).
Methods: In the present review study, which was an narative review, considering the main purpose of the research, which was to review and summarize the effect of exercise training on obesity-related insulin dysfunction throughout life (from fetal period to old age); Keywords related to the study including obesity, insulin, insulin resistance, pregnancy, infancy, breastfeeding, childhood, adolescence, youth, elderly and menopause alone and in combination with exercise were searched in electronic databases and related articles based on the title were selected and after the initial study of the abstract and removal of unrelated studies or repeated studies, related articles were used for the present review.
Results: In this review, obesity-causing factors and its relationship with insulin resistance during the developmental period from fetal, infant, childhood, and adolescence to old age have been investigated, and the role of exercise throughout life as a non-pharmacological intervention on insulin resistance related to Obesity is highlighted. Overall, the results of our study showed the positive effects of exercise on improving insulin resistance associated with obesity at different ages.
Conclusion: Although insulin resistance caused by obesity is a metabolic disorder that causes cardiometabolic diseases in obese people under the influence of genetics and environmental factors (19). On the other hand, exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention related to lifestyle that can affect the overall systemic metabolism. In fact, the positive effects of exercise improve the acute insulin function caused by training sessions and chronic adaptation. Exercise challenges the homeostasis of the whole body and affects many cells, tissues and organs through increasing the metabolic activity of skeletal muscles. In addition, the beneficial effects of exercise training are not limited to adaptation in tissues, but rather result from the integration of inter-tissue communication through different signaling molecules, hormones and cytokines secreted by different tissues. According to the current review, epigenetic conditions, including the mother's body composition and mother's metabolic conditions during pregnancy, can cause obesity in babies and metabolic disorders in older children with early planning. Also, obesity and sedentary lifestyle in nursing mothers, affecting the quality of breast milk as the main source of nutrition for the child, are effective factors in the occurrence of metabolic disorders in infants. Based on the findings of the present review, exercise training by pregnant and lactating mothers can improve metabolic health in infants. Also, exercising throughout life from childhood to old age is an effective strategy to reduce insulin resistance related to obesity; which can improve insulin function in obese people even without affecting body composition. However, due to the fact that in adults, muscle mass decreases with age, especially in old age; In training protocols, it is necessary to pay attention to maintaining and increasing muscle mass.
Dr Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Mr Ahmad Reza Moien, Dr Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and aim
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease of global significance characterized by hyperglycemia. Several risk factors influence T2DM, but obesity has a direct effect on insulin resistance and is of particular importance, with type 2 diabetes increasing linearly with increasing body mass index. Despite the efforts made to manage T2DM, there is a growing need to find better approaches to more effectively control T2DM. Exercise training can increase the expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle, which is converted into irisin after exercise and structural changes and is released in the bloodstream ،which can cause the conversion of white fat cells into beige fat cells and increasing the expression of the UCP1 gene, which leads to the induction of thermogenesis and increased energy consumption. It also reduces oxidative stress and reduces pro-inflammatory conditions. Therefore, it can help reduce blood lipids and hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM and slow down the progression of the disease.
Studies report that circulating irisin levels are lower in diabetic patients compared to healthy control subjects. In diabetic patients. That serum irisin levels were significantly lower in these patients. Exercise training is associated with a significant decrease in HbA1C, so that reduces the risk of complications related to diabetes acceptably. All types of exercise increase the level of irisin in the blood circulation in T2DM, and high-intensity exercise increases irisin levels. Along with drug therapy and a healthy diet, it can help to increase the secretion of irisin and, as a result, increase energy consumption. Despite the conducted research, we still need more research in this area due to the newness of the topic of irisin and its relationship with exercise. Also, despite the significant relationship between irisin and glycemic indices in diabetic patients, in meta-analyses, the serum levels of irisin and index are still high. This issue raises questions about the type and extent of the relationship between irisin and glycemic indices in diabetes to help these people.
Materials and methods
A systematic search of English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Magiran databases was conducted until August 2023. Meta-analysis to investigate the effect of various types of exercise on serum irisin levels and blood glycemic indices (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) in T2DM patients compared to the control group (without exercise training) were done. The Mean difference and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, and Risk of bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test.
Results
Based on the search in scientific databases until August 2023, 1655 articles were found. After removing duplicate articles (462 articles), and after reviewing the titles and abstracts of the articles, 79 articles were finally selected for full text evaluation, and after reviewing the full text of the articles, 71 articles were excluded from the present study. 26 studies were excluded from the existing study due to lack of control group, 9 studies due to lack of pre-test data and 36 studies due to lack of type 2 diabetes and finally 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis.
The results showed that exercise significantly increased serum irisin [SMD=0.5, P=0.03] and sports training caused a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar [WMD=-20.76 mg/dl, P=0.001], Fasting insulin [WMD=-0.47μU/mL, P=0.01], HOMA-IR [WMD=-0.55 mmHg, P=0.001], HbA1C [WMD=-1.41 mmol/mol, (P=0.001)] compared to the control group in T2DM patients.
Discussion
The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effect of various types of exercise compared to the control group on irisin and glycemic indices including (fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin). It was conducted in T2DM patients. The results of 8 studies with 315 subjects indicated that exercise training caused a significant increase in serum irisin level, a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C, compared to the control group. T2DM patients. Investigating the effects of exercise on serum irisin and blood glycemic indices in diabetic people is small and the general evidence obtained shows that the effect of various sports exercises on serum irisin levels exercise causes a significant increase in the level of serum irisin compared to the control group. Compared to hypertrophy in non-diabetic people it is inconsistent, which can be due to the decrease in serum irisin in diabetic people and the decrease in muscle volume of these patients, which can have a greater potential to increase muscle volume due to exercises. and despite the positive relationship between muscle volume and irisin levels it causes a more significant increase in irisin serum levels in these people. Also, by examining the intensity of exercise, it was found that high-intensity exercise has a greater effect on serum irisin levels than moderate-intensity exercise in diabetic people.
The intensity and duration of exercise training has a positive relationship with the increase in serum irisin regardless of energy consumption. Considering this issue, in one of the combined intervention studies including two combined groups, Resistance-Aerobic and Aerobic-Resistance, it was investigated that no significant difference was observed in the amount of serum irisin in these two groups, and it seems that in combined exercises, the training sequence has no effect on the concentration of serum irisin. Comparison of the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on irisin level has resulted in inconsistent results that different measurement kits and sampling conditions and the wide variety of exercise and metabolic conditions of patients such as duration and rate of disease progression can be effective.
Exercise training can play an important role in treating and preventing the development of diabetes in diabetic and prediabetic people. In all the studies that reported HbA1C in the present study, a significant decrease with a high effect size was observed. In aerobic exercises which is probably the result of the reduction of fat tissue, and in resistance training.it is due to the increase in muscle volume and possibly FNDC5. It can be concluded that exercise training is a very effective intervention in controlling the side effects of diabetes and improving metabolic function and glucose removal from the blood.
Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that exercise training is an optimal and suitable method for increasing the serum irisin level and improving glycemic indices, including reducing fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1C in type 2 diabetes patients compared to the control group. to be the combination of this type of exercise with drug therapy and a controlled diet creates a clear perspective for the control and treatment of T2DM.
Conflicts of interest: None
Funding: None
Keywords: Exercise training, Type 2 diabetes, Irisin, Insulin resistance
Seyed Mohammad Hashem Alavi, Ebrahim Tabaroki, Seyed Razi Dadgar, Mohammad Taghi Memarzadeh, Zahra Vaziri,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-1999)
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-1999)
Abstract
Marked metabolic derangement have already been documented in normal pregnancy such as decrease of serum glucose and aminoacids, increase free fatty acids, triglyceride, ketons and insulin secretion, however in gestational diabetes the high gluc(Jse which is facilitated by placental transfer may cause hyperinsulinemia in fetus thus rendering them susceptible to macrosomia and subsequent perinatal difficulties.
We prospectively followed 117 patients from first trimester period. These patients randomly divided into two groups: Group one (59 cases) was placed on specific diet and Second group (58 cases) received monitored diet plus insulin.
Then we measured maternal weight gains, neonatal birth weights, meteme! fasting and postprandial blood sugar at specific intervals,
Initial first trimester maternal weights, gained weights and birth weights were 67.03±3.60 kg and 15.76±3.58 kg and 4.26±0.29 kg for the first group and 65.82±5.25 and 12.68±4.78kg~nd 3.48±0.78 kg for the second group. In 60 normal pregnants these measurement was 56.79±5.41 kg and 12.43±3.20 kg and 3.35±0.36 kg Cesarean section indicated in 71.18 % and 26.2% and 21.66% in two management and control groups respectively (P<0.05).
Addition of insulin seems to protect excess maternal and newborn weight gainand reduce the surgical procedure.
Abdolvahab Vahabzadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-1999)
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-1999)
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to study the role of insulin on stress-induced behavioural responses.
Male albino-Weitar rats (200-300 g) were implanted with microdialysis probes in the lateral ventricle under chloral hydrate (500 mg/kg i.p.) anaesthesia. 12 hours after implantation animals were placed in a bowl. The implanted animals were perfused at 2 pi/min with ringer solution. 5 min tail pinch is applied for control group. In the sham group ringer solution were perfused via micro dialysis probes while the tail pinch (5 min) stress is performed. In one experiment, for the test group insulin (5 IV/Kg s.c.) was used, In another set of expenment, for the test group insulin (5 IU/Kg) was added to the ringer solution. The tail pinch induced behavioural responses were observed in all experimental groups. For validation of tail pinch as a stressor blood level of cortisone in control and tail pinch groups were monitored. Tail pinch stress causes a variety of behavioural responses including gnawing, licking and aggression in rats. In the present study duration of these responses were observed at 5 min. Each group was compared with the control animals. Variation calculated in the percentge base. All statistical analysis were carried out using absolute data and either student paired t-test (within same group) or analysis of vei.snce (ANOVA) statistical test (within the differnt groups).
Data from the present study suggest an excitatory role for insulin in those areas of the brain which may playa role in the stress induced behaviours.
M Mehrazma, Sh Yoosefi,
Volume 11, Issue 39 (6-2004)
Volume 11, Issue 39 (6-2004)
Abstract
Hyperinsulinism is responsible for about 55% of hypoglycemia in children less than 1 year old. In this study pancreas from 8 children with idiopathic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy(HHI) who underwent pancreatectomy in Ali-Asghar Hospital from 10 years ago were examined, using histochemical method and morphometric measurements. The children ranged from 3 to 13 months, and were presented with seizure. They all had positive glucagon test and high serum ins/glu ratio and were unresponsive to medical therapy(Diazoxide, Somatostatin or Hidrocortisone). Sections were studied with particular reference to islet cell distribution in patients and controls. Quantitative assessments were made of islet size and total surface area of pancreas occupied by endocrine tissue. Four patients had diffuse islet cell hyperplasia and others showed multifocal islet cell hyperplasia, islet cell dysplasia, adenoma and normal pancreas, respectively. Immunostaining can show any recapitulation of islet structure or increase of B cells. Furthermore, frozen section study during surgery can help to distinguish different pathologies of HHI.
P Ebrahimpour, H Fakhrzadeh, R Pourebrahim, A Hamidi, R Heshmat, M Nouri, B Larijani,
Volume 13, Issue 51 (6-2006)
Volume 13, Issue 51 (6-2006)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Insulin resistance syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, is accompanied by an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This has become an important problem in urban children due to their increasing levels of obesity. The aim of the present study is to determine the status of metabolic syndrome in obese urban children of Iran. Patients & Method: 535 obese 7 to 11-year-old students of all the primary schools of the 6th district of Tehran were studied according to their waist circumference and International Obesity Task Force(IOTF) criteria. Waist circumference, fasting serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels were measured. Results: The crude prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in these children was 20.6%. There was no significant difference between genders. The most common metabolic abnormality was hypertriglyceridemia and the least common one was low HDL levels. All the components of metabolic syndrome except low HDL levels were significantly higher in obese children with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, these children showed distinctly higher insulin levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high in obese Iranian children. Early intervention in this population who will become our future obese adults is needed not only to increase their life quality but also to decrease the future burden of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases on our society.
S. Moradi, N. Darvishi,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (9-2009)
Volume 16, Issue 0 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) is characterized by insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance also plays a role in the metabolic syndrome (MBS). So, we hypothesized that the MBS should be more prevalent in PCOS.
Patients and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all women with PCOS seen over a one-year period at the endocrinology clinic. 151 cases met the inclusion criteria for PCOS. The women were divided into two groups:1- women with PCO and the MBS (n=70) and 2- women with PCO lacking the MBS (n=81).
Results: The mean age of the cases was 28 ±8 years,ranging from 16 to 48. The frequency of the MBS was 70 (46. 4%). The frequency of abnormal findings in all cases was as follows in descending order: Low HDL:71%, Increased waist circumference:55. 6%, High triglyceride:48%, High blood pressure:22. 6% and FBS>110mg/dl: 7. 3%.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the MBS and its components are common in women with PCOS, placing them at increased risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
Msc Fatemeh Hashemi, Phd Parichehre Yaghmaei, Msc Naghmeh Saadati, Msc Sepideh Haghighi Poodeh, Md Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Phd Mehd Hedayati,
Volume 19, Issue 99 (9-2012)
Volume 19, Issue 99 (9-2012)
Abstract
Background : Adipokines are proteins secreted from adipose tissue that are involved in metabolism control. Adipsin is one of the adipokines that has a systemic role in lipid metabolism or physiological systems relating to energy balance. Serum levels are found to be associated with BMI, and insulin resistance in several studies. The aim of this study was to assess adipsins association with Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: This case-control study was performed on patients who referred to the clinic of the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid-Beheshti University in 2011. Forty five patients with PCOS and 45 normal individuals as control group were selected by easy given sampling method and studied. Fasting adipsin and insulin serum levels were measured by Elisa method and fasting glucose serum level was measured by enzyme-calorimetric method. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA by SPSS 16 software.
Results: Adipsin serum levels did not correlate with insulin resistance in PCOS (15.93±7.24 ng/dl in PCOS patients and 14.21±7.53 ng/dl in control group). Glucose and insulin serum levels increased in PCOS (104.1±13.4 mg/dl and 10.8±5.2 mU/L respectively) in comparison with controls and these PCOS patients had insulin resistance.
Conclusion: This study does not show the correlation between adipsin level and PCOS. It is possible to find a relationship between PCOS and adipsin through expanding the population or limiting the age levels.
Maryam Emadi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Parichehre Yaghmaei, Sara Sheikholeslami, Mehdi Hedayati,
Volume 19, Issue 101 (11-2012)
Volume 19, Issue 101 (11-2012)
Abstract
Background : Adiponectin is one of the adipokines derived from adipose tissue. It is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, Insulin Resistance (IR) and obesity-related disorders. Adiponectin in patients with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) has a different expression. This study was performed to assess the serum levels of adiponectin in PCOS patients considering the high prevalence of insulin resistance in this patients and its relation with body mass index, fasting insulin and fasting glucose to evaluate
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 45 PCOS patients and 45 controls being matched in regards to age and BMI . Adinopectin level was measured by ELISA. FBS and insulin were measured by glucose oxidase and ELISA method, respectively. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR.
Results : Serum adiponectin level in PCOS subjects and healthy women did not differ statistically. There was no significant difference between fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels in PCOS subjects and healthy women. However, HOMA-IR in PCOS subjects was significantly higher than healthy women. There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin level and BMI (p=0.035) and fasting glucose (p=0.019). However, after separation of the two groups there was no correlation between adiponectin and BMI.
Conclusion: Despite the relationship between adiponectin levels and BMI, and as no relation is observed with PCOS, the role of this adipokine in the syndrome is unlikely. Thus, apparently increase in the amount of adiponectin will not be effective in preventing the syndrome.
Laleh Salarilak, Vahid Nejati,
Volume 19, Issue 102 (12-2012)
Volume 19, Issue 102 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background : The Obesity and metabolic diseases appears to have emerged largely and epidemically because of changes in our diet and life style. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatoninon plasma glucose, uric acid, insulin, HOMA, body weight gain and Liver and kidney histology in fructose fed rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided in three groups containing 8 rats each: *Control that received normal chow and tap water. ** Fructose, that received chow +10% fructose solutions in drinking water. *** Melatonin, that received chow +10% fructose solution+ daily injection of 10 mg/kg (BW) melatonin (IP=Intraperitoneal). Melatonin was dissolved in absolute ethanol and diluted with saline. After 8 weeks at the end of treatment plasma concentrations ofglucose, uric acid, insulin and body weight gain were measured and insulin resistance index was calculated. Then the experimental data were significantly analyzed.
Results: Fructose fed rats showed significant higher level of body weight in compared with control rats but melatonin treatment prevented from this increase. Insulin resistance index did not changed significantly. Uric acid concentration did not change in groups, but melatonin administration increased plasma glucose level. Fructose fed rats had Hepato Cellular Lipids, compared with control and melatonin groups. Kidney tissue did not change in groups.
Conclusion: These results suggest that melatonin may act as a regulator of body weight and may prevent lipid accumulation in liver tissue.
Nahid Bijeh, Sadegh Abbasian,
Volume 20, Issue 111 (9-2013)
Volume 20, Issue 111 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to
compare the effects of fasting during Ramadan (as a dietary pattern) and
regular aerobic exercise on LCN2,
lipid profile and insulin resistance indexes in
non-active obese men.
Methods: This
study was a semi-experimental research with a repeated measures design. In this
study 18 obese men with a range of 40 to 50 years old and BMI over 30 kg per
square meter after a public call among of 70 subjects were selected randomly.
Subjects were divided into fasting (N=9) and fasting and exercise (N=9) groups. The
first group did only fasting and the second group did exercise for
27 sessionsin
addition to fasting.
In order to evaluate the changes in the month of Ramadan, blood
samples were taken four different times.
Repeated
measures analysis of variance in the level of p <0/05 were used to analyse
the data.
Results: Results
showed that LCN2 levels in both groups decreased in Ramadan month however, this reduction
was significant only in the fasting and exercise group (p<0/05). Also, both
groups had decreased levels of insulin resistance that significant
reduction was noticed in the fasting group (p<0/05). In
addition, LCN2 levels in the fourth week of Ramadan was significantly
associated with levels of insulin resistance in obese men (p<0/05).
Conclusions: Results
of the research showed that reduced levels of LCN2 by both fasting and exercise
may lead to decrease of insulin resistance in obese men.
Farzaneh Taghian, Maryam Zolfaghary, Mehdi Hedayati,
Volume 20, Issue 116 (2-2014)
Volume 20, Issue 116 (2-2014)
Abstract
Background: Visfatin is a newly characterized
adipokines which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and may play a
role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was assessing the effect of 12
weeks aerobic exercise on Visfatin level and insulin resistance in obese women.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research. Twenty obese
volunteer women (age 37±9.89 yr, body mass index 35.8±3.67 kg/m2,
fat percentage 43.98±4.02% and waist-hip ratio 1.03±0.05(means ±SD) were
randomly divided into two equal groups (each with 10 individuals), experimental
and control. Aerobic training program was included three sessions per week in
12 weeks that was performed with treadmill (starting with 60-65%, heart rate
max/15-20 min, final with 80-85%, heart rate max/ 45-50 min). Body composition,
glucose, insulin and Visfatin levels were measured in two groups before and
after intervention. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)
was measured by the calculation of relevant equation. For inter group comparison,
paired t-test and between group comparison independent-t test was used
(significance level p<0.05).
Results: The obtained result showed that after 12
weeks, no significant differences in fat percentage, WHR, glucose, insulin, and
Visfatin levels and insulin resistance index among the two groups were
detected. Significant decrease in body composition including weight, and BMI
was observed in case group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: One can conclude that the 12-week aerobic exercise cannot
reduce the levels of visfatin, but can reduce the BMI.
Somayeh Baharloo, Farzaneh Taghiyan, Mehdi Hedayati,
Volume 21, Issue 125 (11-2014)
Volume 21, Issue 125 (11-2014)
Abstract
Background: The goal of the current research
was investigation of effect of aerobic exercise on glucose, insulin and insulin
resistance in overweight-obese subclinical hypothyroidism women.
Methods: This study was semi-experimental.
After medical screening 23 women suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism
disorder with age average of 41.08 ±6.56 years and BMI over 25 kg/m2 ,
were objectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: control (N=13)
and experimental (N=10). Initially their height, weight, BMI,, Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and the serum levels of
fasting glucose, insulin T4 and TSH were measured. Insulin
resistance was calculated via HOMA-IR model. Then samples of experimental group
performed aerobic exercise. The control
group received no intervention and were just followed. After 12 weeks all
variables were measured again. For intra group comparison of data
depended t-test was used and for group comparison independent t-test was used
(p value ≤0.05).
Results: After 12 weeks of symphonic aerobic exercise in
experimental group body composition including weight, BMI, WHR, and also
insulin levels, insulin resistance and TSH had
significant reduction no significant change in fasting glucose was seen and T4
levels had increased. In control group insulin and insulin resistance were significantly increased, too.
Conclusion: The reduction of
cardiovascular disease and reduction of insulin resistance among over
weight-obese sub clinical hypothyroidism women is probably possible through weight decreasing with aerobic
exercises.
Mohsen Salesi, Zahra Khoshneshin Ghashghaee, Farhad Daryanoosh, Sedigheh Tahmasebi, Abdolrasool Taleie,
Volume 22, Issue 131 (5-2015)
Volume 22, Issue 131 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: Increase and
decrease of some hormones in the body and accumulation in breast tissue, can
increase the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this
study was to examine the effects of eight weeks aerobic training on the sexual hormone binding
globulin, insulin-like growth hormone-1 and lipoproteins in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: Twenty four women aged
45-55 years with breast cancer were selected and randomly divided into two
groups: aerobic training (n=12) and control (n=12). Training group participated
in an 8 weeks aerobic training program, three days a week and 60-90 minutes each
day. In this period, the control group performed no regular exercise. Blood
samples were taken before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using independent
T- test.
Results: The results showed that
there were significant differences between two groups in SHBG (Sex
hormone-binding globulin), LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) and total
cholesterol prior and post eight weeks of aerobic exercise training. Exercise
also significantly reduced exercise group’s weight (p=0.001) compared with the
controls.
, , , ,
Volume 22, Issue 139 (1-2016)
Volume 22, Issue 139 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent is increasing surprisingly. Overweight and obesity in early teens is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Obesity is related to systemic inflammation, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin tolerance which are directly related to metabolic diseases such diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Several reports demonstrated that various exercise trainings have beneficial effects on obesity and its complication. However fewer studies could be found that investigated the effect of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) on childhood obesity and serum levels of insulin and inflammatory cytokines.
Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, thirty-two obese boys (BMI= 27) were randomly assigned to SIT (N=16) and control groups (C) (N=16). Training protocol consisted of 30s and 90s of all-out running that was performed 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Hormonal and inflammatory variables were measured by ELISA analysis. Data were analyzed using Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation.
Results: After 8 weeks SIT, serum levels of TNF-α and insulin decreased significantly (P<0.001). Also BMI (P=0.010), total cholesterol (P<0.001) and body weight (P=0.020) respond to SIT decreased significantly but significant change in serum levels of HDL (P=0.500), LDL (P=0.170) and TG(P=0.600) wasn’t observed.
Conclusion: These results indicate that SIT has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on childhood obesity and probably we could use this exercise as a non-pharmacological method in treatment or prevention of obesity.
Seyyed Jafar Moosavi, Masoumeh Habibian, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 22, Issue 141 (3-2016)
Volume 22, Issue 141 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem worldwide and it may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular aerobic exercise on plasma levels of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and insulin resistance in hypertensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: Twenty sedentary postmenopausal women with T2DM were randomly assigned to control and exercise groups (n=10). Training program consisted of 25-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50-70 percent of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The levels of 25-(OH) D and fasting glucose and insulin was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and enzymatic colorimetric and ELIZA method, respectively. Insulin resistance was calculated with the HOMA-IR equation. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p˂0.05.
Results: After 8 weeks exercise training, a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance was seen which was accompanied by markedly increase of 25-(OH)D in hypertensive postmenopausal women with T2DM (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise can erduce the resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with T2DM and this protective effect of exercise may be related to improved vitamin D deficiency.
Mohammad Mohammadi, Shahryar Eghtesadi, Mohammadreza Vafa, Iraj Heydari, Masoud Salehi, Esmat Shirbeigi, Hamed Mohammadi,
Volume 23, Issue 143 (5-2016)
Volume 23, Issue 143 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a major public health problem globally. This study was performed to investigate the effect of hesperidin supplementation on markers of glucose and lipid, insulin levels and insulin resistance. Methods: Forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. Subjects consumed 500 mg/d hesperidin supplement in the intervention group (n=23) and 500 mg/d placebo in the control group (n=22), for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at the baseline and end of study. The levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, and insulin resistance were measured and compared. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS software by using independent t test and Paired t test. Results: Hesperidin supplementation led to significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (P=0.04) and HbA1C (P=0.02). A significant increase in serum insulin and decrease in total cholesterol (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively) were observed in the hesperidin group, whereas no significant changes in the placebo group were observed. Conclusions: The present study showed that the intake of hesperidin could lead to decreased levels of FBG, HbA1c and TC and increased levels of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Mr Mohammad Taher Afshoun Pour, Dr Abdolhamid Habibi, Dr Rohola Ranjbar,
Volume 23, Issue 146 (8-2016)
Volume 23, Issue 146 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Apelin is a novel adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of progressive resistance training on plasma concentrations of plasma apelin and insulin resistance in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: twenty seven types 2 diabetic men selected as subjects and were randomly assigned into two exercise (n=15 aged 46.40 ± 3.02 yrs) and control (n=12 aged 45.06 ± 3.86 yrs) groups. Resistance exercise training was done for 8 weeks (3 days/week, intensity: 30- 70% 1RM) for experimental group. Before and after exercise plasma apelin level, insulin,
glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after a 12-h fasting was measured. Following the second blood sampling, data analysis was performed and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Finding showed that plasma apelin, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose (FBG) have significant changes in the exercise group compared to pre-exercise and control groups (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity resistance exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men. Apelin level may be effective to improve insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.
Nahid Bijeh, Keyvan Hejazi,
Volume 24, Issue 163 (1-2018)
Volume 24, Issue 163 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming the major cause of human morbidity and mortality in most countries of the world.These diseases are now among the top three causes of death and disability in human around the world. The aim of this study was to determin the effect of aerobic exercise on levels of HS-CRP, insulin resistance index and lipid profile in untrained middle-aged women.
Methods: In this semi experimental study, nineteen healthy female middle-aged were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (11 people) and control (8 people) groups. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise training that lasted for 6 months (3 days/week), 60 minutes with intensity of 55-65 percent of heart rate reserve. Blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles, insulin resistance index and HS-CRP before and after of the 6 months aerobic exercise. For comparison of means within and between means groups Paired and Independent t-test was used respectively and the results were determined within the significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: The levels of HDL-C, TG, FBS and insulin in subjects were not changed significantly. The levels of HS-CRP and insulin resistance also reduced but it was not significant (p>0.05). Accordingly, the levels of TC, LDL-Cand TC/HDL-C during this period increased significantly.
Conclusion: To reduce the risk factors forcardiovascular diseases, in order to controland prevent heart diseases,isof great importance, therefore,any aerobic exercisecan reducetherisk factors and be helpful.
Dr Peivasteh Safarpour, Dr Fereshteh Mohammadi,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (7-2018)
Volume 25, Issue 4 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background: According to previous studies, vitamin D has an inverse relation with some of the lipid and glucose profiles, and its deficiency is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D (calcitriol) on the blood glucose, lipid and hypertension profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: In this Double blinded randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels of less than 30 ng/ml recruited from “Besat Diabetes Clinic” in Rasht, Guilan, North of Iran. The subjects took 50000 IU vitamin D supplements or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of this study were 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels, serum hemoglobin glycosylated and HDL cholesterol, and secondary outcomes of this study, fasting blood glucose and insulin, resistance and insulin sensitivity, other components of lipid and blood pressure, which were studied before and after intervention and between the two groups were compared.
Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum calcitriol and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as a significant decrease of 1% in serum hemoglobin glycosylated (p<0.001) but Other variables including resistance and insulin sensitivity, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups change was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, weekly supplementation with 50,000 units of vitamin D for 8 weeks, while compensating for the deficiency of serum levels of this vitamin, reduced glycosylated hemoglobin and increased HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients, but had no effect on serum fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity and hypertension in these patients.
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