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Volume 9, Issue 31 (3-2003)
In a randomized double blind clinical trial study with two parallel group, we assessed the analgesic effect of perioperative magnesium sulfate administration and its effect on serum norepinephrine 24h after diagnostic artheroscopic surgery in 50 ASA physical status I & II patients under general anesthesia with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) technique. The patients received either magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg preoperatively and 8 mg/kg/h intraoperatively or the same volume of isotonic solution intravenously. Anesthesia was performed with midazolam (0.2mg/kg for induction, 1μg/kg /min for maintenance) and fentanyl (3 μg/kg) for induction, and atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) for intubation. Intraoperative pain was defined as an increase of systolic blood preasure and heart rate of more than 20% from baseline values (systolic blood preasure and heart rate 5 min after intubation) and was treated with bolus fentanyl (1-2μg/kg). Postoperative analgesia was achieved with fentanyl (0.5 μg/kg) and evaluated using the pain visual analog scale for 4h (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240min). Also 24h after surgery a blood sample was taken from the patients in order to measure serum norepinephrine. During intra-and postoperative period, patients in case group required significantly less fentanyl than those in control group (control group 75+40.18μg versus case group 41+32.97μg, p=0.002 and control group 153+65.87 μg versus case group 72+52.69 μg p=0.001 for intra and postoperative period, respectively) but there is no significant difference in serum level of norepinephrine between two groups. (case group 0.318+0.109 versus control group 0.312+0.182, p=0.9). We concluded that magnesium sulfate, although, reduce the intraoperative and postoperative pain and fentanyl requirement, but there is no significance difference in serum norepinephrine level 24h after surgery between two groups. So reduction of pain dose not have any effect on serum norepinephrine concentration.
Volume 10, Issue 33 (6-2003)
The aim of this study was test a new developed severity for individual organ system involvment in 40 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma). In this study used from a new developed disease severity scale published by an international study group for determination of severity grade in 9 organ system, general, skin, peripheral vascular, joint/tendon, skeletal muscle, gasterointestinal, lung, heart and kidney in 40 patients with systemic sclerosis in firoozgar hospital. Severity scale graded from 0(no documented involvement) to 4(end stage disease). The data required for scale complation are available in data bank of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for all of our patient in firoozgar hospital. The mean age was 40±14.5 years. Female to male ratio 9/1. Mean of total skin score in all patients was 10.7(based on modified rodnan score). Mean duration of first symptoms to time of study was 3.4 years. Normal grade of severity seen different organ system. Severly ill patients contain 1:4 of patients. Sever to end stage disease seen in 2.5% patient with cardiac and 20% of patient with lung involvment. This long term (>5 years) study of disease severity show relativly 1:5 patients developed severe end stage lung disease that approprait management at this time is cardiopulmonary transplant so the center for cardiopulmonary transplanation must be informed to provide facility for these cases.
Volume 17, Issue 74 (8-2010)
Background: Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is seen in about 50% of women in reproductive age. It is the most common gynecologic complaint of young women and is one of the most common causes of sick leave therefore finding a safe treatment for its control, has long been a concern. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the reduction of pelvic pain in women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and to compare its effect with placebo.
Methods: A double blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 140 women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. These women were randomly assigned into two groups and finally 94 women finished the study. In the case group (n= 42) Vitamin E was prescribed as a dose of 400 IU daily starting 2 days before the beginning of menstruation and continuing for 3 days (total duration of 5 days), for two consecutive cycles. In the control group (n=52) a placebo was prescribed which was completely similar to Vitamin E pearls in shape, color, taste and smell. Pain severity was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for one month before the study and during the 2 months of study. The pain severity during these cycles was then compared using SPSS V.15, t-test, Chi square and pair t-tests were used for analysis.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to blood group, age, family history of dysmenorrhea, educational status, and BMI (body mass index). The mean pain severity before the study did not show any significant difference between the two groups (7.15± 1.75 in the case group and 7.47±1.82 in the control group, p=0.3). Pain severity one month (p=0.001) and two months (p=0.001) after treatment with placebo showed significant reduction as compared to that of " before treatment". Similarly pain severity one month (p=0.001) and two months (p=0.001) after treatment with Vitamin E showed significant reduction as compared to that of " before treatment" thus both conditions led to a decrease in dysmenorrhea. Pain severity during the first month of the study was 5.41 ±2.4 in the case group and 5.76±2.08 in the control group (p=0.1) and 4.73±1.89 and 5.35±2.05 in the case and control groups, respectively during the second month of the study (p=0.6), not showing significant difference.
The mean reduction of pain in the case group (-2.7±2.1) was more than the control group (-1.8±2.4), during the second month of the study (p=0.04), showing significant difference. Therefore Vitamin E can lower the pain severity of dysmenorrhea more than placebo.
Conclusion : Vitamin E and placebo both may reduce the pelvic pain of dysmenorrhea, but vitamin E can cause a more significant reduction. With regard to its safety, the study indicates that it can be a simple and safe option for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
Volume 19, Issue 100 (10-2012)
Background : Our purpose in this research was to evaluate the correlation between skill in chess (international chess rating scale) and severity of depression and anxiety and ten cognitive errors in members of Iranian Chess Federation that have international chess rating scale as well as to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the sample.
Methods: 96 persons that had an international chess rating scale were sampled with convenient method and took part in this cross sectional study. All samples completed the second version of Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Cognitive Error Test. Data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: There was a significant reverse correlation between chess rating scale and four cognitive errors including over generalization, magnification, jumping to conclusion and must statement. The depression severity decreased by increasing the numbers of hours of game playing in the day. Also there was a reverse significant correlation between chess skill and depression severity, but chess skill had no significant correlation with severity of anxiety. The prevalence of mild moderate depression was 16.7%. There was no case with severe depression. The prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety was 27.1% and severe anxiety was 5.2%.
Conclusion: We conclude that this significant reverse correlation between chess rating scales and depression severity is mediated by decrease of cognitive errors and the number of the hours of game playing in the day, which is in accordance with Beck's Cognitive Theory and Behavioral Activation Theory.
Volume 19, Issue 101 (11-2012)
Background: According to studies conducted by the World Health Organization, every year nearly 25 million neonates are born with Low Birth Weight (LBW). Many researches show that LBW infants who stay alive, suffer from physical, mental and social problems more than the appropriate birth weight infants. Although developmental assessment of neonates is very difficult in the first days of life, it is important to diagnose and treat the problems at an early stage. The present study was done to compare the motor behaviors between normal and LBW neonates.
Methods : This research was a cross sectional study in which 80 neonates were randomly allocated into LBW (40) and normal birth weight (40) groups. Motor behaviors of neonates were evaluated with Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) on the first day of life. All measurements were taken with the same equipment and by the same person. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and Independent T-test.
Result: Results demonstrated that general tone (p=0.01), motor maturity (p= 0.001) and pull to sit (p=0.005) showed significant differences between two groups.
Conclusion : According to the findings of the current study, LBW neonates show more immature motor behavior than neonates with normal weight and are at lower level. It seems that these neonates may be at risk of motor impairments and require intensive care and earlier supplementary intervention.
Volume 21, Issue 128 (2-2015)
Background: The assessment of comatose patients is an important part of critical care. Few of the many available coma scales have gained wide spread approval and popularity. The best known and widely accepted scale is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The newer FOUR score (Full Outline of Un Responsiveness) provides an attractive replacement for all patients with fluctuating levels of consciousness and is gradually gaining wide acceptance. This study is part of the larger study of Modification and validation of FOUR coma scale. The aim of this study was to compare the inter-rater reliability of the Modified and original FOUR coma scale among patients hospitalized in Critical Care Unit.
Methods: This is methodological research. For inter-rater reliability 15 patients admitted in ICU were scored by 40 nurses with the original and modified FOUR Coma score and a total of 104 pair-wise rating was done.
Results: The inter-rater agreement among raters (P=0/12) was 0.28 (unacceptable level) for original and (P= 0/001) was 0.63 for modified FOUR Scale (good level).
Conclusion: Modified FOUR Coma scale performs better than the original FOUR Scale for good inter-rater agreementVolume 22, Issue 138 (12-2015)
Background: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience academic difficulties. Stimulants have limited effect on cognitive abilities important to academic progress and that academic interventions are indicated in children with ADHD. Poor academic programs and other aspects of ADHD may cause conflict with parents and there is little information on the efficacy of multimodal parental management training that includes academic assistance and (Parental management training) PMT combined with methylphenidate. The current study evaluates the adjunctive efficacy multimodal parental management training in children with ADHD treated with methylphenidate.
Methods: Participants were 62 parents of children with a principal diagnosis of ADHD, being treated by child and adolescent psychiatrist .The children were aged between 6 to 12 years. Parents were randomly divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (who participated in 6 sessions for 2 hours multimodal PMT (N=31) and a control group (N=31). Individuals were included only if their children were taking Ritalin for at least 3 months and they should not be absent more than 1 session in a program. Participants in two groups filled demographic data questionnaires and were given a pretest that was Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R) plus academic questions. Posttest was given after 6 educational sessions in sample group and after 1 and 3 months in both groups. Finally, the mean pretest and posttest scores were analyzed with SPSS v.16 software.
Results: There were no significant differences in pre intervention measures between the two groups. After intervention, the mean scores of CPRS-R between the two groups was significantly different in the two groups for academic achievement (p&le0.001), hyperactivity (p&le0.004), inattention (p&le0.008), impulsivity (p&le0.001) and oppositional behaviors (p&le0.001).
Conclusion: Multimodal PMT combined with methylphenidate can be recommended for parents of children with ADHD to enhance the academic achievement and reduce problem behaviors of school aged children (hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, oppositional).
Volume 23, Issue 145 (7-2016)
Volume 26, Issue 11 (1-2020)
Background: Cancer is one of the most important health-related issue in Iran and worldwide; and fatigue is one of the most common problems related to it. Cancer-related fatigue significantly affects the physical, psychological, social and spiritual health of the patient and is associated with reduced survival and increased mortality rates in patients. Considering the significant effect of fatigue on the quality of life of patients with cancer as well as the lack of knowledge on this topic, the present study aimed to examine the frequency and severity of fatigue and its correlation with demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with cancer.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 290 patients with cancer were included through convenience sampling. Data was collected by a self-report questionnaire and demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire. The results were analyzed by Pearson and Spearman correlation, ANOVA and T-test (P<0.05).
Results: Mean score of fatigue of patients were calculated 12.6±5.896, 7.4±3.186, and 5.2 ±3.658 for the sub-scales of physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue and 25.1±9.285 for the total scale. Results revealed that fatigue severity has a significant negative correlation with the level of education and family income. Moreover, a direct and significant correlation was found between metastasis and fatigue severity (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Fatigue is experienced by patients with cancer and is correlated with demographic and clinical factors. Therefore nurses, as key members of the healthcare team, must pay attention to fatigue and the role of demographic and clinical factors in order to provide effective holistic care.
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Methods: The current descriptive-correlational research is a survey research type and one of the applied researches that was conducted in the field. According to a list of the most important variables mentioned in university articles and books, which are valid in terms of scientific documentation and in terms of number, they were the most repeated in relation to the factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in sports-entertainment places of parks. was studied; Supplementary data was collected based on the documents and used to set the theoretical foundations of the research. Based on these findings, the research measurement tool was identified with 31 items. After extracting these items and receiving the expert opinion of experts (9 sports management professors) about the formal and content validity of the questionnaire and making corrections, the final questionnaire with 3 dimensions, 31 questions and 8 components with a five-point Likert scale (completely disagree to completely agree). All data analysis was done using Spss, Spss Sample Power and Amos software.
Results: The results of the descriptive findings showed that out of 450 people in the statistical sample, 0.50% were boys and 0.50% were girls. Also, most of the research samples were in the age range between 14 and 15 years with a frequency (35.1%) and the lowest in the age group between 13 and 14 years with a frequency (15.1%). Most of the research samples had a family income (46.7) between 11 and 15 million, and a smaller percentage had a family income (3.8) less than 5 million. (37.8 percent) of the research statistical sample 1-2 times a week, (28.7 percent) 2-4 times a week, (8.2 percent) 4-6 times a week, (10.7 percent) every day and (14.7 percent) visited the park on the weekend, (46.9 percent) from the statistical sample of the study walking, (17.1 percent) cycling, (25.3 percent) private car and (10.7 percent) ) had chosen a city vehicle for the distance to the park. In the end (5.6 percent) of the statistical sample of the research, watching scenery, (26.7 percent) walking, (15.1 percent) running, (7.3 percent) walking with pets, (19.3 percent) Exercising and physical activity (physical fitness) and playing ball games (0.26%) were among their favorite activities when they were in the park. The results showed that the result of Bartlett's sphericity test was at a significant level (Sig=0.001) and this means that the variables have a high enough correlation to provide a logical basis for exploratory factor analysis. Also, the results of the fit indices of the measurement model showed that the questionnaire of the factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in sports-entertainment places of parks has favorable conditions.
Conclusion: The questionnaire of the factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in sports-recreational places of parks was confirmed with 3 dimensions, 31 questions and 8 components with a five-point Likert scale (completely disagree to completely agree). One of the important features of any test is the reliability and validity of the test, the findings showed that the mentioned questionnaire is a reliable tool in the field of sports management and sports management researchers can use it in their research. Other findings indicated that the fit indices of the questionnaire measuring the factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in sports-entertainment places of parks have favorable conditions. In general, the results of the research indicate that by using the questionnaire of the factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in the sports-recreational places of the parks, these characteristics can be reliably measured. The use of this questionnaire can be the opening of many researches in which the measurement of factors affecting the presence of children and teenagers in sports-entertainment places of parks will be of special importance. In the last several decades, health has been recognized as a human right and a social goal in the world. That is, health is necessary to satisfy basic human needs and should be accessible to all humans. And according to the opinion of Mahsandeh (2009), who believed that quality of life is a broader concept than health. Therefore, it seems that today's car life has caused people, especially students, to be less active and spend more of their time playing computer games and watching TV. Even according to the results of the descriptive statistics of the research, which showed that more than 25% of people use personal vehicles to go to the park, and this indicates that the society has become sedentary. According to the obtained results, it is suggested that cultural outreach should be provided for the presence of more students in sports-recreational places of parks in schools to increase their general awareness. It is suggested that the officials provide more sports-recreational facilities in the parks so that students who are less financially well off can make the most of these facilities. It is suggested to build new parks in such a way that they can be accessed more easily and with higher security, so that families are encouraged to allow their children to participate in sports-recreational activities in the parks without worry. Do. Considering that one of the favorite activities of the students in the research samples was playing ball games when they were in the park, it is suggested that there should be an environment in the parks so that the students can play ball games. They should make a ball and if there is any, their quality should be improved.
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