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Showing 5 results for Religious Orientation
Mona Shakeri Sharafabadi, Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini, Rahmatollah Marzband,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and purpose: The Corona pandemic was one of the deadliest human health pandemics in the history of mankind, which threatened the physical and mental health of societies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and pathological grief in the families of Corona patients in Sari city. Method: The research method in this study was cross-sectional and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all first-degree families and spouses of the deceased due to Covid-19 in Sari city in 1400-1401, from which 270 people were selected as a sample in a non-random and available method. To analyze the data, SPSS-26 software was used using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression test. Results: The results of this study showed that religious orientation has a significant relationship with pathological bereavement, so that external religious orientation has a significant positive correlation with pathological bereavement (B=0.296, P<0.001) and internal religious orientation has a correlation with pathological bereavement. has a significant negative (B=-0.448, P>0.001). The results also showed that about 42% of the variance of pathological grief can be predicted based on religious orientation. Conclusion: It can be said that people with an external religious orientation have a higher probability and people with an internal religious orientation have a lower probability of experiencing pathological grief. Therefore, mental health professionals can use religious beliefs to help people with pathological grief.
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mousavi Fakhr, Fahimeh Keavanloo,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: In spite of benefiting from technology, the modern mankind is suffering from miscellaneous problems and anxieties which not only threaten their mental health and peace, but also affect their physical health to drop the level of physical immunity and delay in healing. The World Health Organization defines mental health as patterns, methods and strategies which provide a stress-free, relaxed life with no mental preoccupations. In other words, mental health guaranties a desirable physical, mental and social state in harmony with other people. Thus far, a great deal of research has been carried out on the relation between mental health and physical activity, job satisfaction, fasting etc. Much research has already been carried out on the relation between devotion to religion and mental health. The bulk of such research indicate positive effects of religiousness on mental health (8-23). Mousavi and Hasani studied the relation between religiousness and mental health in university students, and concluded that there was a direct positive relation between them. They concluded that devotion of students to religion tends to decrease the probability of mental disorders and contributes to their social support, mental health and a rise in the physical immunity system through developing healthy behavioral patterns, increasing positive affections and optimism. Strengthening students’ religious beliefs and attitudes will add to their health. As previously mentioned, plenty of research has been carried out on the relation between religion and mental health; however, because of the contradiction prevalent in their conclusions, the present study seeks to investigate the effects of religiousness on university students’ mental health in a systematic and meta-analytical manner to come up with a sound understanding of the effects of religion on mental health as in previous pieces of research.
Methods: The present research is of a systematic review and meta_analysis. Articles in Persian language were retrieved from the websites of the Irandoc, SID, noormags, civilica, elmnet. Papers were searched without time limitations until December 2020 through Persian equivalents for “religiousness”, “religion” and “mental health” as key terms. Entry criteria included researches based on relation evaluation and subjects of study were university students. Upon searching the above-mentioned websites, all the selected papers were applied to Endnote Software to detect and eliminate identical ones. After eliminating identical papers, all titles and abstracts were reviewed to detect those relevant with the research. Through a number of stages, the present study determined the exact research question, collected, analyzed and interpreted the data based on PRISMA (36). The findings concerned with the role of religiousness on university student's mental health were extracted. The correlation coefficient and sample size were used for statistical calculations.
Results: Searching the keywords in different sites led to 203 relevant papers. Then identical papers (60 cases) were eliminated leaving 143 papers for reviewing titles and abstracts. Sieving led to seeing into 43 papers in more detail. The whole criteria of import and export observed, 27 papers were thoroughly investigated. 11 papers were eliminated because of failing in providing the required information, leaving 16 papers for final investigation. Availability of 16 studies with fine quantitative data on the relation between university students’ religiousness and mental health made a meta-analysis test possible (8-23). The meta-analysis test reveals a meaningful relation between students’ religiousness and mental health with a confidence interval of 95% by the random effects model. Because the confidence interval EF= 0.035, CI: 95%(0.003 to 0.67) does not include zero (I2 =% 90.50, P=0.000). Begg’s Funnel plot was used to measure the bias of publishing articles. Funnel plot studies the bias of meta-analysis publication of the relation between university students’ religiousness and mental health. Regarding funnel plot and Z grade and the level of meaningfulness resulting from Begg’s Test (P= 0.669, Z=-0.427), no directionality was found concerning publication of articles on the relation between student's religiousness and mental health. Moreover, the points on the chart look symmetric, and no visual directionally was detected.
Conclusion: Religiousness is an important psychological structure related to the mental health of human beings and can be of assistance to those in charge of health planning. Strengthening the various dimensions of religiousness in university students contributes to the promotion of their mental health. However, the planning which would apply the findings of the present study with a view to the relation between different elements of religiousness and mental health could yield more favorable results.
Mehrangiz Shoaakazemi, Afsoon Mollazadeh Noran, Fariba Jafari,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Throughout history, humans need to have sexual intercourse, at least in order to reproduce and perpetuate their offspring, so sexual activity has become an important aspect of human life(3). One of the most important philosophies in forming a married life is for a couple to come together to have tranquility and comfort. This comfort depends on some factors, one of the most obvious of which is healthy sex. Sex, a four-stage response cycle including sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and suppression, is a significant aspect of married life. Any disorder in one of these stages may interfere with a person's sexual function and lead to sexual dysfunction (4). In general, the main feature of sexual disorders is a disorder in the processes of the normal stages of sexual intercourse or pain that occurs during sexual intercourse. For each of these disorders, which occurs in the four stages of sexual activity, there are specific diagnostic criteria: the disorder in sexual activity must cause suffering and discomfort, affect the marital relationships, and be continuous and frequent (5). In a study, Froutan et al. (6). examined the sexual dysfunction of divorced couples. The results showed that 77% of women had sexual dysfunction, therefore even people successful in sex may have some problems in their sexual activity. Dosti and Vaziri(2018) (8) reported a high prevalence of the sexual disorder in their study and showed that sexual problems are a widespread health problem in women. Researchers believe that in order to better understand sexual activity and its development in humans, it is necessary to study all aspects of human beings including physical (such as genetics, hormones), mental (such as how one feels about oneself and others), social (the relationship between self and others) and spiritual aspects (such as religion, values, and beliefs) (10). Therefore, beliefs, attitudes, and religion are among the influential factors in the sexual behavior of individuals. In general, religious attitudes can be effective in marital relationships; because religion has guidelines, a system of beliefs and values that can affect marital life (11). Husseni nasab et al. (2018) evaluated the role of religion on marital relations and sexual activity as positive (12). Kamyabi niya et al. (2015) in their study showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between sex and religion. In other words, people with desirable sexual activity have a higher religious health score (13).
According to Allport and Ross theory, religious orientation which is based on two types; internal and external means the tendency to perform religious practices and thoughts (15). Internal religious orientation has a motivational aspect, organized, and internal principles and does not require other stimuli. External religious orientation is external and is a factor in satisfying personal needs such as status and security. External orientation is considered an immature or less mature religion (16). One of the other variables of the present research is a practical obsession. Studies have shown that obsessive disorder run in families (17). These obsessive-compulsive behaviors lead to considerable confusion and cause severe impairment in psychosocial functioning (18). Obsessive- compulsive behaviors are recurring and persistent thoughts, desires, or perceptions that are experienced as disturbing and unwanted; Practical obsessions, on the other hand, are repetitive behaviors or mental actions that a person feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession or in accordance with rules that must be strictly enforced (18). In societies with high religious beliefs, obsessive thoughts are more prevalent. This indicates the role and relationship of religion with obsessive behaviors confirmed by various studies. Many studies have shown that external religious orientation is both directly and indirectly (through feelings of extreme responsibility and guilt) associated with signs of practical obsessive disorder (21). According to different research, one of the variables related to religious orientation is a practical obsession; therefore, in this study, we will consider the relationship between sexual dysfunction, obsessive behaviors, and religious orientation. A positive point of the present study is that unlike other studies that have dealt more with the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexual dysfunction or the relationship between religious orientation and obsessive-compulsive disorder; the present study intends to investigate the relationship among all these three variables. Based on the results of this study, many marital differences and dissatisfaction can be reduced and family stability and continuity can be provided. In general, considering the effective nature of sexual disorders in various aspects of life, especially the importance of this issue on marital relationships, it seems necessary to identify the factors influencing sexual activity. One of these factors is the cultural values of the society e.g. religion. Considering the religious context of Iranian society, conducting research on the role of religious orientation in sexual function and practical obsessive behavior of women is very important; therefore, the main question of the present research is whether there is a meaningful relationship between sexual dysfunction, obsessive behaviors, and religious orientation of married women?
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all married female students of North Tehran Azad University in the academic year 2020-2021. According to the statistical sample based on Klein theory, in factor analysis, 10 or 20 samples are required for each variable, but the minimum sample size of 200 is defensible. 250 students of North Tehran Azad University were selected based on the available sampling method.
The ethics code of the present study is IR.ALZAHRA.REC.1401.014. Research instruments include the standard female sexual dysfunction questionnaire, the Allport Veras religious orientation questionnaire, and the standard Madzli obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire.
Results: The results show that the correlation coefficients between the dimensions of sexual dysfunction with the dimensions and the total score of obsessive behaviors are positive and significant (P≥0.01). Regression coefficients show that in the best predictive model for the dimensions and total score of marital satisfaction of couples, only the psychological dimension can predict the criterion variable. There is also a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and its subscales with religious orientation (P≥0.01). Regression coefficients also show that both dimensions of religious orientation can predict sexual dysfunction (P <0.01). Religious orientation also has a significant relationship with obsessive behaviors in married women and predicts it (P <0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, religious orientation is able to predict sexual dysfunction and obsessive behaviors. Other results indicate significant relationships between sexual dysfunction and obsessive-compulsive behaviors and religious orientation. In other words, religion as a coping factor can be associated with many psychological and behavioral disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexual dysfunction, and generally predict mental health in individuals. In other words, religion can play a positive role in reducing sexual dysfunction and obsessive behaviors, so it is necessary for psychologists to develop and implement educational programs to solve such kinds of problems, highlight the importance of religious orientation, and pay special attention to preventing and treatment programs.
According to Allport and Ross theory, religious orientation which is based on two types; internal and external means the tendency to perform religious practices and thoughts (15). Internal religious orientation has a motivational aspect, organized, and internal principles and does not require other stimuli. External religious orientation is external and is a factor in satisfying personal needs such as status and security. External orientation is considered an immature or less mature religion (16). One of the other variables of the present research is a practical obsession. Studies have shown that obsessive disorder run in families (17). These obsessive-compulsive behaviors lead to considerable confusion and cause severe impairment in psychosocial functioning (18). Obsessive- compulsive behaviors are recurring and persistent thoughts, desires, or perceptions that are experienced as disturbing and unwanted; Practical obsessions, on the other hand, are repetitive behaviors or mental actions that a person feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession or in accordance with rules that must be strictly enforced (18). In societies with high religious beliefs, obsessive thoughts are more prevalent. This indicates the role and relationship of religion with obsessive behaviors confirmed by various studies. Many studies have shown that external religious orientation is both directly and indirectly (through feelings of extreme responsibility and guilt) associated with signs of practical obsessive disorder (21). According to different research, one of the variables related to religious orientation is a practical obsession; therefore, in this study, we will consider the relationship between sexual dysfunction, obsessive behaviors, and religious orientation. A positive point of the present study is that unlike other studies that have dealt more with the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexual dysfunction or the relationship between religious orientation and obsessive-compulsive disorder; the present study intends to investigate the relationship among all these three variables. Based on the results of this study, many marital differences and dissatisfaction can be reduced and family stability and continuity can be provided. In general, considering the effective nature of sexual disorders in various aspects of life, especially the importance of this issue on marital relationships, it seems necessary to identify the factors influencing sexual activity. One of these factors is the cultural values of the society e.g. religion. Considering the religious context of Iranian society, conducting research on the role of religious orientation in sexual function and practical obsessive behavior of women is very important; therefore, the main question of the present research is whether there is a meaningful relationship between sexual dysfunction, obsessive behaviors, and religious orientation of married women?
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all married female students of North Tehran Azad University in the academic year 2020-2021. According to the statistical sample based on Klein theory, in factor analysis, 10 or 20 samples are required for each variable, but the minimum sample size of 200 is defensible. 250 students of North Tehran Azad University were selected based on the available sampling method.
The ethics code of the present study is IR.ALZAHRA.REC.1401.014. Research instruments include the standard female sexual dysfunction questionnaire, the Allport Veras religious orientation questionnaire, and the standard Madzli obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire.
Results: The results show that the correlation coefficients between the dimensions of sexual dysfunction with the dimensions and the total score of obsessive behaviors are positive and significant (P≥0.01). Regression coefficients show that in the best predictive model for the dimensions and total score of marital satisfaction of couples, only the psychological dimension can predict the criterion variable. There is also a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and its subscales with religious orientation (P≥0.01). Regression coefficients also show that both dimensions of religious orientation can predict sexual dysfunction (P <0.01). Religious orientation also has a significant relationship with obsessive behaviors in married women and predicts it (P <0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, religious orientation is able to predict sexual dysfunction and obsessive behaviors. Other results indicate significant relationships between sexual dysfunction and obsessive-compulsive behaviors and religious orientation. In other words, religion as a coping factor can be associated with many psychological and behavioral disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexual dysfunction, and generally predict mental health in individuals. In other words, religion can play a positive role in reducing sexual dysfunction and obsessive behaviors, so it is necessary for psychologists to develop and implement educational programs to solve such kinds of problems, highlight the importance of religious orientation, and pay special attention to preventing and treatment programs.
Marzieh Sadat Seyedkhorasani, Hamid Rafiei-Honar, Hassan Mirzahosseini,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Abstract
| Background & Aims: Adolescence is one of the most substantial and yet shortest stages of every person's life, which is accompanied by many changes. This period covers 14-19 years and has 3 important parts: physical, mental and social maturity. Psychological well-being has a significant impact on improving the mental health of adolescents. Psychological well-being is the effort to realize one's talents, improve them and reveal one's abilities. It consists of six parts: self-acceptance, purposeful life, mastery of the environment, positive relationships with others, autonomy, and personal growth. The emotional connection between the child and their caregiver has a major impact on the process of psychological well-being. This factor, called attachment, causes the child to seek comfort from the mother, especially in situations where they feel fear and danger. Another factor influencing the psychological well-being and mental health of adolescents is their psychological-spiritual changes. Religion is the deepest source in which human existence is nurtured and all its dimensions – including the unity of man with God – depend on it. Another dominant factor is self-control or self-discipline which is very effective in mental health and well-being. Self-control means the ability to control emotions, behavior, and desires to achieve rewards or avoid some consequences. People who have higher self-control have better achievements in a variety of fields. Self-control is related to a set of positive and desirable achievements, including proper adjustment, better school grades, fewer eating problems, better interpersonal communication, and the emergence of optimal emotional responses. Methods: In terms of the practical purpose and also based on the data collection method, the present study is a descriptive research of the correlation type (using structural equations). The population under study included all the students in the second year of secondary school in Kashan (8,100 people) who were studying in the academic year of 2021-2022 in the age group of 15 to 18 years. According to the number of variables observed in the current research, a sample size of 550 people was considered. After data collection, 500 questionnaires were analyzed. To sample students, the random cluster method was used. Questionnaires used in the research included the psychological well-being questionnaire (RSPWB), religious orientation questionnaire, attachment style questionnaire, and self-control questionnaire. Results: The indices reported in structural equation analysis (Table 2) show a good fit between the data and the model. As a result, the experimental data collected by the researcher confirmed the theoretical model developed in the literature and shows that the causal model developed to explain the well-being of Kashan students based on attachment styles, and religious orientation with the mediation of self-control is a desirable model. The explained variance of psychological well-being by the linear combination of exogenous and mediating variables is 0.60. In other words, which shows that the linear combination of attachment styles, religious orientation, and self-control explains 60% of changes in psychological well-being. The linear combination of attachment styles and religious orientation explained 25% of the changes in self-control. Based on the results of Table 3, safe style with (p < 0.05, β = 0.10), ambivalent style (p < 0.01, β = -0.19), external religious orientation (p < 0.01, β = -0.15), and self-control (p < 0.01, β = 0.41) had a significant role in predicting students' psychological well-being. All 5 predictor variables had a significant relationship with the mediation of self-control and psychological well-being. All predictor variables had a significant relationship with the self-control variable. Conclusion: The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of attachment style and religious orientation in the psychological well-being of adolescents through self-control. The findings showed that safe style and ambivalent style have a significant relationship with psychological well-being. To interpret the findings, when children receive and perceive appropriate support from their parents, they can deal with problems more optimistically and purposefully can enjoy good personal development, be flexible, optimistic, progressive, and self-regulating, and have more vitality and vitality. Children who have insecure attachments are related to the feeling of fear, and inability to coordinate with situations. The unfavorable result of insecure attachment is significantly far from psychological well-being. People with secure attachment in adulthood can effectively create favorable interpersonal relationships. A person should accept their strengths and weaknesses. As for internal orientation and psychological well-being, researchers show a significant and positive relationship between internal orientation and psychological well-being. In the present study, however, this relationship was not significant, which is contrary to the literature. It can be explained that self-control is the capacity of a person to adjust their behavior according to the conditions and changes of the internal and external environment. In other words, a person can organize their behavior according to their goals, so that people with higher self-control gain better achievements in various fields. Self-control is correlated with a set of positive and desirable achievements, including appropriate adjustment (less psychological damage and higher self-esteem), better educational grades, better interpersonal communication, and the occurrence of optimal emotional responses. Another finding of the present study showed that all 5 predictor variables had a significant relationship with the mediation of self-control and psychological well-being. Some studies have investigated the effect of attachment style and religious orientation on self-control. The findings of the present research show the significant relationship between variables with self-control and ultimately the mediating role of self-control in promoting psychological well-being. It can be explained that self-control is an internal force available to inhibit, reject or change responses that are influenced by moral beliefs, social characteristics, parents' level of religiosity, and an individual's participation in religious activities and traditions. The more parents are careful in choosing to create an attachment between themselves and their children, and the more students have an internal religious orientation, the more self-controlled they will be, and finally, we conclude that they will make fewer mistakes in youth and adulthood.
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P.h.d Hosein Sheybani, P.h.d Atefeh Fathi, Mrs Saeideh Fathi, P.h.d Narges Azam Nezami, P.h.d Parivash Almasi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and goals: Religion is a valuable secondary passage that affects physical and mental health. Religion can be a durable source in people's lives that this source of positive beliefs, in addition to creating dependence, gives meaning to life. Also, religious beliefs can bring order and meaning to life events by creating a sense of coherence in people's lives, as well as forming a valuable cognitive framework. The present research was conducted with the aim of the role of reconciliation, emotional atmosphere of the family and feeling of loneliness in orientation to the opposite sex among female student athletes in Tehran, with the mediating role of religious orientation.
methods:
This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of the research method, it is among descriptive survey and correlational research. The statistical population included female student athletes in Tehran. The statistical sample was selected based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970), which included 384 people. A random cluster sampling method was chosen. Data collection in this research is a combination of library and field methods. To describe the data and observations, descriptive statistics methods such as: frequency distribution tables, descriptive charts and central indices (such as mean, mode, mean) and dispersion indices (such as standard deviation and variance) were used. Statistics including Cronbach's alpha test were performed for the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis in the model process was done with the help of structural equation method using Lisrel software..
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Findings
Considering that the significance level of the test for the variables was higher than the error rate of 0.05the null hypothesis of the test was accepted for all variables, as a result, the distribution of the research variables was normal and there was a significant relationship between the research variables, because with Considering the significance level of the test (0.000) which is smaller than α (0.05), the relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and social adjustment with the opposite sex orientation is inverse and significant, and the relationship between religious orientation and the opposite sex orientation is positive and. The findings of the research showed that religious orientation has a mediating role in the relationship of reconciliation with opposite sex orientation among female student athletes in Tehran, and this role was confirmed.
Conclusion:
According to the findings of this research, it is suggested to help parents in creating social compatibility in families by holding training courses. The incompatibility of children and teenagers can be caused by the conditions in the school. One of the most important of these conditions is the quality of the relationship between the school officials and the students, especially the relationship between the teacher and the student. The emotional atmosphere that governs the school is like the atmosphere that governs the family in the social adjustment of children and teenagers, the quality of the relationship between the school members is also the same as the relationship between the family members, so that the social adjustment of the student can be influenced by the manager, the serving teacher, classmates and Even the educational environment
Also, considering the effect that religious orientation has on dealing with problems and various aspects of social life, such as academic and occupational adaptation, and the important role of the family in promoting this maturity in children, it is recommended that therapeutic counseling workshops and appropriate training classes be used to deal with Sahih should be established with children, especially in the more disadvantaged areas of the city due to more cultural and economic problems. Due to the importance of the religiousness of parents, it is necessary in various aspects of their children's lives, including emotional and social maturity; Officials, counselors and teachers, with more knowledge of parents' adherence and commitment to religious orders, order to increase religious knowledge and the consequences and effects of religiosity on children in classes with the given topic; and make it mandatory for parents to participate in it and continuously get information about the effectiveness of the classes. In addition, the school should provide a suitable platform for students to perform religious rituals, and to do this, the school can use experienced religious counselors..
Considering the role of the family's emotional atmosphere in reducing the tendency towards the opposite sex, it is suggested to help parents in creating a calm emotional atmosphere in families by holding training courses. Considering the role of feeling alone in increasing the tendency to have a relationship with the opposite sex, it is suggested that cultural and educational programs and courses with peer groups be put on the agenda for students so that they can learn skills or materials constructively from their alone time. use new
Among the limitations and obstacles that existed on the way of the present research, the following can be mentioned:.
Although it was tried to design the questionnaire or clear sentences as much as possible, there was a possibility of mistakes in understanding the real meaning of the options. One of the limitations of this research was the lack of comparison between boys and girls, and the lack of control over the socio-economic status and the level of education of the parents, which could have an effect on this issue; therefore, it is suggested that future studies with a larger sample size of high school boys and girls in connection with the current research topic, with control of socio-economic status and the level of education of parents to be compared. Undoubtedly, with more control of mediating variables, the importance of parent-adolescent relationships becomes more clear. Also, the comparison of teenagers in the early, middle and late period of adolescence in relation to the current research variables will provide more complete knowledge to the researchers and of course to the parents
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