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Showing 4 results for Psychological Characteristics
Azam Ziaaddini, Kourosh Ghahreman Tabrizi, Smaeil Sharifian,
Volume 28, Issue 6 (9-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 6 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Morality is the sum of temperaments. This technique can be explored in behavior, any activity and action that the living thing performs and involves overt and covert physical activities, physiological, emotional and mental activity, refers to the concept of sports behavior (4). In this regard, Ehsani (2012) has presented principles for behavior. This action is possible through the development of ethical codes (regulations), which can be the basis for encouraging the athlete in cases of moral behavior or legal action in cases of violation (5). A code is a statement that contains policies, principles, and regulations that guide behavior. Fortunately, the intensity of writing regulations has been increasing in the country, so that the sciences of nursing, medicine, counseling, etc. have all benefited from it. In sports science, we can refer to various researches such as Poursoltani et al. Regarding the ethics of faculty members (6). But the question is, what factors influence the drafting of a code of ethics? In this regard, various researches have been done, including Poursoltani et al. (2013) in the field of education and training, the indicators of group activity, honesty, conscientiousness, professional behavior, commitment and financial responsibility (8). It seems that one of the issues related to the development of a code of ethics is the psychological characteristics that have attracted the attention of many researchers. According to the World Health Organization, the health of individuals does not simply include a state of complete physical health; It also includes the dimensions of mental and social health, the ability to communicate appropriately and in harmony with others, change and modify the individual and social environment, and resolve conflicts and personal desires in a positive, just and appropriate way, which is a necessity of coaching (9). On the other hand, although various environments including competition environment, training environment and family environment have been reported for training and examining ethics and mental health in coaching, but because athletes spend most of their training and training time under the supervision of coaches, the environment Training and practice are considered important (2), although conflicting results have been reported.
Therefore, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether family, exercise and psychological characteristics affect the moral system in sports or not?
Methods: The present study is a descriptive study that was conducted in the field using a questionnaire. To conduct this research, 20 people familiar with the research subject (activists in the field of sports ethics, university professors, actors in the development of culture and sports ethics) were selected as a sample by snowball method. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire including 30 questions in the form of three components of family, practice and psychological characteristics was distributed and collected among the sample. Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test were used to examine the natural distribution of data and a one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the present study showed that family (p = 0.001), exercise (p = 0.004) and psychological characteristics (p = 0.034) have a significant effect on the development of ethics in sports ( Table 1).
Conclusion: The results showed that the family has an effect on the development of ethics in sports. Regarding the family environment and the ethical code in the field of sports and coaching, no research was found from the perspective of a researcher, which may indicate that this component is exploratory in the research. In general, sports coaches should be aware of the interaction between work and family, the coach should be able to lead the family and work environment and in his work path to act according to the standard conditions of the rules and make self-sacrifice and forgiveness his priority (15).
Another finding showed that training and training environment have an effect on the development of ethical rules in sports. The practice and training environment for basic educators has a great effect on the development of moral themes, and educators must act according to the standards of the training and education set and adhere to its frameworks (21).
In the present study, it was found that psychological characteristics have a significant effect on the development of ethics in sports. Given the definition of ethics on the one hand and the relationship between ethics and psychological characteristics on the other hand, the findings of the present study seem logical.
Mohsen Pormenati, Fatholah Havil, Mojtaba Delaram Nasab,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Volume 29, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
| Background & Aims: Diabetes is a chronic progressive disease that has physical, metabolic, social and psychological challenges and increases the risk of concomitant mental health problems (1). Accelerated macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes are due in part to increased metabolic side effects such as elevated cholesterol and LDL (4). In this regard, research has shown that there is a close relationship between fat percentage, body mass index and insulin concentration (5). Because the challenges of diabetes affect many aspects of patients' daily lives and their families, psychosocial assessment and treatment is a vital part of comprehensive diabetes care. The diabetic must accept that he or she may have diabetes-related complications; The patient should consider themselves an important member of the diabetes care team, not the person being cared for by the treatment team. Emotional stress can cause behavior change so that the other person does not follow their own diet, exercise, and treatment (6). For this reason, researchers have long used various methods to reduce the negative effects of diabetes, so that the effect of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has long been known (7). Although a lot of research has been done in this field, but there is a big difference between the results of research (8). Regarding the treatment of mental problems of diabetic patients, considering that the use of sedatives and other drugs is always associated with many side effects, and today in the global medical system, more efforts are made to prevent and treat diseases without the use of drugs. It seems that participating in a regular and codified exercise program can play a major role in reducing the effects of diabetes, improving mental health and reducing the negative psychological effects of diabetes. Due to the conflicting results of research, researchers are trying to use different training methods to get the best results, so it seems necessary to design new protocols and study their impact on various factors. Also, considering that there is little research that in addition to examining the effect of aerobic exercise on metabolic side effects has examined the effect of these exercises on psychological factors in diabetic patients, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether pyramidal aerobic exercise on cholesterol, HbA1c, LDL, affect anxiety and stress in type 2 diabetic patients? Methods: For the present quasi-experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes in Zabol city were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The research method was that 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session from the beginning of the research, the research variables in the pre-test were measured using blood sampling and Beck Anxiety and Stress Questionnaires. The training protocol in the present study included 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each training session included 45-60 minutes of pyramidal aerobic training in 3 stages. The volume of each training interval based on the intensity of training and the ability of the subjects started from light intensity in the first interval and increased in each interval. Resistance was also calculated using the reserve heart rate of each individual using the caronene formula (20). In order to observe the principle of overload, the training time was started from 15 minutes and reached 35 minutes in the eighth week. To divide the time in each interval, the total training time was divided into 3 parts; In the first 1.2, light exercise was performed (50-35% of the reserve heart rate). In the second interval, the training, which included the remaining 2.3 of the training time, was performed with an intensity of 50-65% of the reserve heart rate. The rest time between each interval was 3 minutes. Finally, descriptive statistics (tables and graphs) and Shapiro-Wilk tests, paired t-test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks of pyramidal aerobic training, cholesterol, LDL, HbA1c, depression, anxiety and stress in the experimental group were significantly reduced in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, in the post-test control group, this value increased compared to the pre-test, but was not statistically significant. The results were compared with the control group to ensure that the decrease in research variables was due to the present research protocol. Control can be confidently reported that the changes were due to the training protocol. Concluson: Findings of this study showed that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly reduced total cholesterol, HbA1C, LDL, anxiety, depression and stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the above explanation, it can be said that research has shown that muscle contraction has an insulin-like role and sends a large amount of glucose into the cell to be used for energy production. 33 Muscle contraction increases membrane permeability to glucose, possibly due to an increase in the number of glucose transporters in the membrane. Exercise (Glut4) increases plasma in trained muscles, which improves Glut4 levels of insulin on glucose metabolism (28). In the above explanation, it can be said that physical activity in women increases the level of progesterone and this increase reduces psychological symptoms such as anxiety. In general, physical activity seems to improve mood symptoms, including anxiety, by the mechanism of action on cerebral endorphins (34). Physical activity increases the efficiency of the mind, the feeling of freshness and health, and provides a good mental attitude to life, provides mental health. Women are more affected by the psychological factors of physical activity than men and their sense of well-being increases more than men (35). Research has shown that anxiety and stress are caused by a lack of self-confidence in people. As Farad's social interactions increase in team sports, their self-esteem improves and self-confidence increases. On the other hand, team sports reduce stress and anxiety. Although self-confidence was not examined in the present study, it may be one of the mechanisms related to the findings of the present study. |
Soraya Saeidi, Nasrollah Mohammadi, Farshad Emami,
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Organizations and stores at a time when they are under different headings such as the age of knowledge, the age of information technology and the age of globalization, must always gain a competitive advantage by identifying and studying the behavior of individuals (1). One of the most important areas of studying sports consumer behavior is shopping behavior. It is the process that the buyer goes through to decide which sports product or service to buy ((6). Since sports customers are people with different and diverse characteristics, understanding and evaluating their buying behavior is a mental and complex process and requires a comprehensive and continuous review (7). The activities that a person engages in the purchase and use of products and services include various psychological and social processes that exist before and after the activities related to purchase and consumption (8).
One of the factors that are of special importance in persuading people to buy is their psychological characteristics (9-11). Four factors of hedonism, uniqueness, perfectionism and materialism have been identified as psychological characteristics of individuals (13)).
Vigneron and Johnson (2004) stated in their research that customers have special needs and customer needs such as uniqueness, desirability and attention should be met (16)). These needs may stimulate psychological characteristics and lead to consumer purchases or individuals. Lee and Hwang (2011) in their study on the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics of consumers' attitudes toward luxury restaurants stated that customers who tend to be materialistic and hedonistic, desirable attitudes and people who tend to despise Being an individual have unfavorable attitudes toward attitudes (15)). Zhang and Kim (2013) in their research showed that psychological characteristics including awareness of needs, the need to be unique and sensitivity to the normative effect on people's attitudes toward shopping (18). Dehravieh and Ashrafi (2018) also showed in their research that psychological characteristics such as having self-confidence, ability to manage stress, responsibility of people, having psychological abilities and emotional intelligence in finding innovative solutions can affect people's decisions (19).
Due to the fact that many sports products enter the sports products market with famous brands every year, there is close competition between large domestic manufacturing companies, which examines the factors affecting the motivation of consumers, especially sports elites, to buy and increase their loyalty. Various sports provide valuable information to these companies and their agencies in the current competitive environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of psychological characteristics and the encouraging of elite behavior.
Methods: This research is of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all sports elites that 206 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the principles of determining the sample size and available method. Lee and Huang (2011) and Edwards (1993) Purchasing Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the psychological characteristic’s questionnaire was α = 0.89 and the shopping behavior persuasion questionnaire was α = 0.76. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression with SPSS software version 25 were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness (β = 0.858) had a greater effect than other components.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness had a greater effect than other components. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (15,16). Individuals and elites who seek to be unique consider themselves unique rather than similar to others, and avoid products that have already been accepted and purchased by others. This self-perception can have a positive effect on the attitude towards buying products and motivate him to buy products. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between pleasure-seeking and attitudes towards luxury restaurants. This finding is similar to the study of Tissa (2005) In studying the effect of personal orientation on the values of commercial luxury shopping, he found a positive relationship between self-centered pleasure resulting from pleasure-seeking experiences and luxury brand consumption. The findings show that consumers who enjoy emotional pleasure expect to satisfy their pleasure needs with a variety of luxury restaurant features (27). Lee and Huang (2011) also showed that customers who value emotional pleasure expect their pleasure needs to be met with a variety of location or product features. Previous studies have reported that perfectionist consumers prefer high-quality brands to unreliable, low-quality products (27,28). Therefore, due to the effect of psychological characteristics on the motivation of elites to buy products and goods, it is necessary for shop owners and business managers to pay more attention to their psychological characteristics and motivations, such as uniqueness, hedonism and perfectionism. To. However, it is necessary to pay attention to their materialistic motives. Materialists, for example, view goods and products as symbols of various aspects of social identity that include social class and social prestige. In accordance with the unique motivation of monopoly and scarcity of products, high price and priority for it increases. In fact, their desire to monopolize is when they realize that the consumption and use of certain products are given to them, in other words, certain people. These people want to adapt to new products in order to show themselves unique from others. Therefore, this encourages them to buy products. According to the characteristic of hedonism, people are looking for products that, in addition to the desired quality, create intangible benefits and positive emotional value for them. The pursuit of pleasure and happiness is a natural desire for all people. However, society and those moving towards individualism will have higher levels of hedonic motivation to consume and persuade to buy. Because by buying their products, they create a kind of pleasure in themselves. According to the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of people, such as uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism in order to encourage people's buying behavior.
One of the factors that are of special importance in persuading people to buy is their psychological characteristics (9-11). Four factors of hedonism, uniqueness, perfectionism and materialism have been identified as psychological characteristics of individuals (13)).
Vigneron and Johnson (2004) stated in their research that customers have special needs and customer needs such as uniqueness, desirability and attention should be met (16)). These needs may stimulate psychological characteristics and lead to consumer purchases or individuals. Lee and Hwang (2011) in their study on the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics of consumers' attitudes toward luxury restaurants stated that customers who tend to be materialistic and hedonistic, desirable attitudes and people who tend to despise Being an individual have unfavorable attitudes toward attitudes (15)). Zhang and Kim (2013) in their research showed that psychological characteristics including awareness of needs, the need to be unique and sensitivity to the normative effect on people's attitudes toward shopping (18). Dehravieh and Ashrafi (2018) also showed in their research that psychological characteristics such as having self-confidence, ability to manage stress, responsibility of people, having psychological abilities and emotional intelligence in finding innovative solutions can affect people's decisions (19).
Due to the fact that many sports products enter the sports products market with famous brands every year, there is close competition between large domestic manufacturing companies, which examines the factors affecting the motivation of consumers, especially sports elites, to buy and increase their loyalty. Various sports provide valuable information to these companies and their agencies in the current competitive environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of psychological characteristics and the encouraging of elite behavior.
Methods: This research is of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all sports elites that 206 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the principles of determining the sample size and available method. Lee and Huang (2011) and Edwards (1993) Purchasing Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the psychological characteristic’s questionnaire was α = 0.89 and the shopping behavior persuasion questionnaire was α = 0.76. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression with SPSS software version 25 were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness (β = 0.858) had a greater effect than other components.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness had a greater effect than other components. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (15,16). Individuals and elites who seek to be unique consider themselves unique rather than similar to others, and avoid products that have already been accepted and purchased by others. This self-perception can have a positive effect on the attitude towards buying products and motivate him to buy products. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between pleasure-seeking and attitudes towards luxury restaurants. This finding is similar to the study of Tissa (2005) In studying the effect of personal orientation on the values of commercial luxury shopping, he found a positive relationship between self-centered pleasure resulting from pleasure-seeking experiences and luxury brand consumption. The findings show that consumers who enjoy emotional pleasure expect to satisfy their pleasure needs with a variety of luxury restaurant features (27). Lee and Huang (2011) also showed that customers who value emotional pleasure expect their pleasure needs to be met with a variety of location or product features. Previous studies have reported that perfectionist consumers prefer high-quality brands to unreliable, low-quality products (27,28). Therefore, due to the effect of psychological characteristics on the motivation of elites to buy products and goods, it is necessary for shop owners and business managers to pay more attention to their psychological characteristics and motivations, such as uniqueness, hedonism and perfectionism. To. However, it is necessary to pay attention to their materialistic motives. Materialists, for example, view goods and products as symbols of various aspects of social identity that include social class and social prestige. In accordance with the unique motivation of monopoly and scarcity of products, high price and priority for it increases. In fact, their desire to monopolize is when they realize that the consumption and use of certain products are given to them, in other words, certain people. These people want to adapt to new products in order to show themselves unique from others. Therefore, this encourages them to buy products. According to the characteristic of hedonism, people are looking for products that, in addition to the desired quality, create intangible benefits and positive emotional value for them. The pursuit of pleasure and happiness is a natural desire for all people. However, society and those moving towards individualism will have higher levels of hedonic motivation to consume and persuade to buy. Because by buying their products, they create a kind of pleasure in themselves. According to the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of people, such as uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism in order to encourage people's buying behavior.
Reza Nazari, Farhad Kahrazaei, Gholamreza Sanagoy Moharer,
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Researchers believe that murder is considered as a form of violence or aggression and as one of the social harms and crimes. This crime or perversion has a social nature and occurs mostly in interpersonal and intergroup interactions that endanger the social security of individuals and groups. In the theoretical and abstract field, the phenomenon of murder can be studied from different angles and dimensions of biological, psychological and sociological (3).
Various factors have been mentioned in explaining the factors leading to violence. Personality traits may be one of the most important variables associated with violence. One of the most widely used personality patterns in psychological research is the five-factor personality pattern. The five-factor pattern of personality is the predominant characteristics of individuals in each of the components: neuroticism, extraversion, agreement, conscientiousness, and longing for new experiences (8).
Another view is the theory of self-control. Much research has been done on the theory of self-control. Such as: the relationship between parents and relatives and low self-control with violence (9), the relationship between self-control with personality traits and impulsivity (10), the study of domestic violence and adolescents: with the mediating role of self-control, support Social, Religiosity and Welfare (11), The effect of self-control training on re-arrest and the relationship between high-risk behaviors and self-control (12).
Another theory that explains violence is the theory of self-esteem. Low self-esteem leads to the formation of a subculture of violence because conventional sources of self-esteem are not available and therefore aggression is taken as an alternative source (13).
Dangerous beliefs can be mentioned as other influential factors in the occurrence of violence and murder. Dangerous beliefs refer to the belief in values that emphasize the realization of the right personally and the achievement of goals and problem solving through the use of physical force. Elias (2013), in a study showed that there is a relationship between violent behavior and culture and in some societies there are very positive attitudes towards violent behavior (14). In view of the above, careful study and scientific research on risk factors and the spread of violence leading to murder in the city of Iranshahr seems necessary.
Methods: The present research is descriptive-survey and applied. For the present study, he selected 40 available men from Iranshahr prison due to violence and murder. Then the Performance Assessment Questionnaire (FAD) has six components of problem solving, communication, maps, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse, behavior control and overall performance, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) with 3 components of social support by family, support Socially received by friends and social support received by others and the Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire of Power (2013) with 4 components of income, economic class, education and housing status were distributed and collected among the subjects. Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between personality trait, agreement and conscientiousness with violence and its components, with violence and its components, ie with the rise of a variable, the variable It also increases, but there is no significant relationship between psychosis, introversion-extroversion, and the desire for new experiences with violence and its components other than anger.
Another finding of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components (physical violence, verbal violence, anger and hostility).
Finally, in the present study, it was found between self-control and its components (impulse impulse impulse, physical versus mental, simple task performance, selfishness, nervousness, memory seeking) with violence and its components (physical violence). Verbal violence, hostility and hostility (on the one hand) and dangerous beliefs have a significant relationship with violence and its components on the other hand.
Conclusion: Explaining the role of adaptive personality traits in reducing aggression, it can be said that agreeability is one of the five major personality factors that is considered as the most important predictor of aggression. This factor indicates the type of relationship one has with oneself and others. The person who agrees is basically altruistic, feels empathy for others and is eager to help them, and believes that others have the same relationship with him. They also have fewer interpersonal conflicts and better mental health (8).
Another finding showed that there is a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components. In this regard, Tracy and Robbins (2003) also state that individuals protect themselves from feelings of inferiority and shame by blaming external factors for their failures that lead to feelings of hostility and anger towards others. Thus, in people with low self-esteem, aggression is valued as a reaction to past bad experiences or as a compensation for self-esteem (26).
Another finding showed that there is a significant positive relationship between risky beliefs and violence. Everyone can change the course of their life with the beliefs they have in their treasury. Beliefs about individuals and the world are both important features of a person's basic hypotheses (27). Man is a social being and living in society, in his mind and psyche forms a set of beliefs and thoughts that when any behavior occurs, he tries to establish harmony and homogeneity with his mental beliefs and external behaviors. Habit and habit are the two main factors in human behavior. Custom sets a set of accepted beliefs about the approval of each individual in that community through practice and repetition in the subconscious to harmonize with the custom of the community and because any kind of inconsistency or opposition to social custom leads to punishment and rejection in the community. Over time, the customary beliefs of society are institutionalized in individuals. One of the dangerous beliefs in traditional societies, especially in Balochistan, is the strong emphasis on categories such as revenge and violence, which have come in the form of many proverbs and epic stories in popular literature. And it seems that this literature has had a great impact on the collective subconscious of individuals and is manifested in the form of violence and murder in society and is referred to as revenge, zeal, courage and masculinity, and more dangerously, a positive and Most of the society approves of such violent behaviors (15).
Various factors have been mentioned in explaining the factors leading to violence. Personality traits may be one of the most important variables associated with violence. One of the most widely used personality patterns in psychological research is the five-factor personality pattern. The five-factor pattern of personality is the predominant characteristics of individuals in each of the components: neuroticism, extraversion, agreement, conscientiousness, and longing for new experiences (8).
Another view is the theory of self-control. Much research has been done on the theory of self-control. Such as: the relationship between parents and relatives and low self-control with violence (9), the relationship between self-control with personality traits and impulsivity (10), the study of domestic violence and adolescents: with the mediating role of self-control, support Social, Religiosity and Welfare (11), The effect of self-control training on re-arrest and the relationship between high-risk behaviors and self-control (12).
Another theory that explains violence is the theory of self-esteem. Low self-esteem leads to the formation of a subculture of violence because conventional sources of self-esteem are not available and therefore aggression is taken as an alternative source (13).
Dangerous beliefs can be mentioned as other influential factors in the occurrence of violence and murder. Dangerous beliefs refer to the belief in values that emphasize the realization of the right personally and the achievement of goals and problem solving through the use of physical force. Elias (2013), in a study showed that there is a relationship between violent behavior and culture and in some societies there are very positive attitudes towards violent behavior (14). In view of the above, careful study and scientific research on risk factors and the spread of violence leading to murder in the city of Iranshahr seems necessary.
Methods: The present research is descriptive-survey and applied. For the present study, he selected 40 available men from Iranshahr prison due to violence and murder. Then the Performance Assessment Questionnaire (FAD) has six components of problem solving, communication, maps, emotional companionship, emotional intercourse, behavior control and overall performance, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) with 3 components of social support by family, support Socially received by friends and social support received by others and the Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire of Power (2013) with 4 components of income, economic class, education and housing status were distributed and collected among the subjects. Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between personality trait, agreement and conscientiousness with violence and its components, with violence and its components, ie with the rise of a variable, the variable It also increases, but there is no significant relationship between psychosis, introversion-extroversion, and the desire for new experiences with violence and its components other than anger.
Another finding of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components (physical violence, verbal violence, anger and hostility).
Finally, in the present study, it was found between self-control and its components (impulse impulse impulse, physical versus mental, simple task performance, selfishness, nervousness, memory seeking) with violence and its components (physical violence). Verbal violence, hostility and hostility (on the one hand) and dangerous beliefs have a significant relationship with violence and its components on the other hand.
Conclusion: Explaining the role of adaptive personality traits in reducing aggression, it can be said that agreeability is one of the five major personality factors that is considered as the most important predictor of aggression. This factor indicates the type of relationship one has with oneself and others. The person who agrees is basically altruistic, feels empathy for others and is eager to help them, and believes that others have the same relationship with him. They also have fewer interpersonal conflicts and better mental health (8).
Another finding showed that there is a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and violence and its components. In this regard, Tracy and Robbins (2003) also state that individuals protect themselves from feelings of inferiority and shame by blaming external factors for their failures that lead to feelings of hostility and anger towards others. Thus, in people with low self-esteem, aggression is valued as a reaction to past bad experiences or as a compensation for self-esteem (26).
Another finding showed that there is a significant positive relationship between risky beliefs and violence. Everyone can change the course of their life with the beliefs they have in their treasury. Beliefs about individuals and the world are both important features of a person's basic hypotheses (27). Man is a social being and living in society, in his mind and psyche forms a set of beliefs and thoughts that when any behavior occurs, he tries to establish harmony and homogeneity with his mental beliefs and external behaviors. Habit and habit are the two main factors in human behavior. Custom sets a set of accepted beliefs about the approval of each individual in that community through practice and repetition in the subconscious to harmonize with the custom of the community and because any kind of inconsistency or opposition to social custom leads to punishment and rejection in the community. Over time, the customary beliefs of society are institutionalized in individuals. One of the dangerous beliefs in traditional societies, especially in Balochistan, is the strong emphasis on categories such as revenge and violence, which have come in the form of many proverbs and epic stories in popular literature. And it seems that this literature has had a great impact on the collective subconscious of individuals and is manifested in the form of violence and murder in society and is referred to as revenge, zeal, courage and masculinity, and more dangerously, a positive and Most of the society approves of such violent behaviors (15).
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