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Showing 3 results for Positive Psychology
Zahrazahra Mordai, Masoud Sadeghi,
Volume 27, Issue 6 (8-2020)
Volume 27, Issue 6 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating autoimmune disease and the chronicity of this disease has a very large effect on the physical and psychological variables of these patients. The prevalence of this disease is estimated to be 0.5 to 2.4%, which is two to three times more common in women It is from men. The prevalence of this disease increases with age and the difference in sexual prevalence decreases with age. This disease causes progressive damage to the musculoskeletal system and leads to irreversible pain and destruction of bone and cartilage, which have different reactions. Ruminant is one of the problems that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are involved with and rumination is a significant predictor of depression in these patients. Ruminant thought is a repetitive thought and is a cognitive process that greatly increases the risk of developing symptoms of psychopathology. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and positive psychology on rumination in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with rheumatoid arthritis in Khorramabad in 2019 who used the sampling method: The statistical population of the study included all women with rheumatoid arthritis in Khorramabad in 2019. Using the sampling method: 60 people were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups 1 (act therapy), experimental group 2 (positive psychology), and the control group (20 people in each group) was replaced. Under the same conditions, the pretest was performed with a rumination questionnaire from all three groups. The experimental groups were treated with acceptance and commitment (group 1) and positive psychology (group 2) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Then post-test was performed from all three groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods. Multivariate analysis of covariance, univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used in descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and in inferential statistics. Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 statistical analysis software.
Results: The results showed that both acceptance and commitment-based treatments and positive treatment reduced rumination in women with rheumatoid arthritis and there was a significant decrease between the mean rumination in pre-test and post-test in the two experimental groups. Using analysis of covariance, it was found that this decrease was statistically significant (p <0.05). In order to evaluate which treatment method was more effective, Bonferroni post hoc test was used, which showed that the treatment of acceptance and commitment was more effective in general rumination and distraction component. However, no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups in the components of meditation and meditation.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be said that the treatment of acceptance and commitment and positive psychology reduces rumination in women with rheumatoid arthritis and the treatment of acceptance and commitment was more effective. The results of the present study were compared with similar and consistent results that the results of these studies indicated the effectiveness of any treatment based on acceptance and commitment on rumination and variables such as: depression, anxiety, stress and anxiety. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy can be explained by the processes that govern it; Thus, the component of desire and acceptance allows the person to accept unpleasant inner experiences without trying to control them, and doing so makes those experiences seem less threatening and have less impact on the person's life. This skill helps the person to consciously turn her attention to what is most useful and therefore helps the person to pass tempting thoughts through the mind and guide her mind towards a higher goal. Also, the practice of suppressing thinking in acceptance and commitment therapy, which is especially for people with rumination, helps therapists to get rid of annoying rumination or cognitive cognitions. No research has been done on the effectiveness of positive treatment on rumination, but research background shows that positive treatment has been effective on issues such as depression and stress. One of the components of positive psychology that affects rumination is the cognitive level of individuals and the effort to achieve positive emotions and happiness. In this study, based on the goals of positive psychology, an attempt was made to emphasize positive emotions, positive characteristics of people and their abilities and virtues, and people were encouraged to pay special attention to positive emotions and try to prevent emotions. Negatives increase the amount of positive emotions in their lives, because according to the falsification hypothesis, positive emotions also have the capacity to neutralize or nullify long negative emotions. On the other hand, people learn with this approach to be flexible and try to take steps to solve weaknesses by not focusing on weaknesses. Therefore, due to the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and positive treatment on rumination in women with rheumatoid arthritis, these treatments can be used along with medical treatment to improve the condition of these patients.
Asieh Rooitalab, Alireza Maredpour, Ali Taghvaeinia,
Volume 28, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: War has a profound and profound effect on the mental health and well-being of its soldiers, veterans and victims. War and military violence have led to communication malfunctions and disruption of family dynamics and mental health (1). The psychological problems caused by war usually affect the victims and their families for a long time after the war, and these psychological consequences can sometimes last up to 20 years after the war. The absence of the father or his injury in the family also causes the mother many problems and endangers her mental health (2-3). This is likely to be doubled for women who have lost their husbands or whose husbands have suffered serious physical or psychological harm. In this regard, it has been determined that the psychological well-being of the three groups of spouses of veterans, freedmen and martyrs is at the lowest level of mental well-being (5). From a positive psychology perspective, the absence of symptoms of mental illness is not an indicator of health and well-being. Rather, adaptation, happiness and self-confidence and such positive characteristics determine health and the main goal of a person in life is the flourishing of one's abilities, abilities and talents (8). In this regard, positive therapy can not only create positive resources but can also have a reciprocal effect on the negative symptoms and also prevent their recurrence. Two important factors related to the concept of psychological well-being are the sense of meaning in life and vitality. Several studies have documented this relationship in the research literature (13). For example, the existence of meaning in life predicts psychological well-being (14). In fact, the meaning in life and psychological well-being are important issues in positive psychology. The feeling of being alive is closely related to happiness and psychological well-being and is considered as one of the most important human experiences (17). Numerous studies have shown that living in the wives of veterans and martyrs for any reason reduces self-confidence and self-efficacy, which in turn can reduce the quality of life and psychological well-being. Therefore, interventions that reduce these factors and improve these psychological indicators are essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive psychology intervention on psychological well-being meaning in life, and vitality of martyr and veteran spouses.
Methods: The method of this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design along with a control and experimental group. 28 wives of martyrs and veterans of Shiraz participated in this study who were randomly assigned into control group (n=14) and experimental group (n=14). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration (19). In this study, Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaire, Meaning of Life Questionnaire and Vitality Questionnaire were used to collect data. Positive psychology intervention protocol was performed in 10 sessions for 90 minutes in the experimental group. This protocol is based on a study by Seligman et al. (2006) (11). After practice in the experimental group, post-test measurements were performed again in both groups. In order to compare the internal group (pre-test and post-test) and research groups, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used at the significance level of α = 0.05, respectively.
Results: The average age of participants in the control group was 41.57±9.96 years and this index for the experimental group was 44.21±10.28 years. The number of spouses of veterans and martyrs is equal in both groups. According to the paired sample t-test, there is no significant difference from pre-test to post-test in the control group in any of the indicators of psychological well-being, meaning of life and vitality (p ˃ 0.05). However, this difference in the experimental group in the overall score of mental well-being (p = 0.001, t = 6.034), self-acceptance (p = 0.007, t = 3.213), environmental dominance (p = 0.001, T = 4.323), positive relations with others (p = 0.001, t = 4.527), autonomy (p = 0.004, t = 3.513), presence of meaning (p = 0.041, There are t = 2.271), total score of meaning of life (p = 0.018, t = 2.652), and vitality (p = 0.017, t = 2.742). There was no difference in other variables (p ˃ 0.05). The results of independent sample t-test show that there is a significant difference in the overall score of psychological well-being (p = 0.001, t = 3.475). Moreover, among the subscales of the psychological well-being questionnaire, only self-acceptance was significant (p = 0.001, t = 3.677). Also the meaning of life (p = 0.047, t = 2.898) was significant. There was no difference in other variables (p ˃ 0.05).
Conclusion: Positive intervention due to changes in the behavior, attitudes, beliefs and emotions of the wives of martyrs and veterans and enjoying them with characteristics such as being active and energetic, willingness to communicate with others, positive and having attitudes and perceptions Positive self and other people and controlling emotions helps to empower them (30). The result of such empowerment is the strengthening of positive emotions and greater success in life. It can be said that positive education activates positive emotions and prevents negative emotions that play a key role in reducing their mental well-being to replace positive emotions (31). In this intervention, the wives of martyrs and veterans learn to have a positive self-image instead of blaming themselves, to remember the past with satisfaction and hope for the future. These people can turn challenges into opportunities and use effective coping strategies to deal with negative thoughts and then accept positive thoughts instead, as well as to cope with problems more effective (33). Of note, Positive education leads to activities that take these people to a pleasant inner world and help them gain a sense of excitement, meaning in life, goal setting and motivation, and consequently it affects their well-being and mental health (34-35). As a result of such interventions, they tend to positive social aspects and feel more responsible for their behavioral and communication health in life. In general, the results of this study showed that education based on a positive psychology approach has an effect on well-being and the meaning of life but has no effect on vitality (37-38). Psychologists can use this intervention to increase mental well-being and, consequently, quality of life and increase mental health. Also, this intervention can be provided as a psychological package to the centers related to the families of martyrs and veterans so that the psychologists of these centers and counselors can use it. It should be noted that future studies should be conducted in qualitative or mixed methods to obtain more accurate information. Comparison of the effectiveness of this intervention with other interventions should be evaluated to determine its effectiveness compared to other interventions.
Pendar Jahedataeian, Hassan Shamsesfandabad, Abdul Hassan Farhangi,
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: The motivation of humans is to create a good and intimate bond with their spouse. This motivation and bond come with various benefits, including increased health and well-being (1). The most prominent factor in the collapse of the family is the damage called divorce, which has devastating effects on the individual, the family and the community. Therefore, to the extent possible, efforts should be made to prevent divorce within families. In fact, studies have highlighted the importance of attractiveness in existing relationships. It has been shown that men with more attractive partners experience greater satisfaction in the relationship and intimacy is enhanced (3). One of the factors that can affect general health and consequently the stability of married life is self-compassion. Self-compassion can be defined as kindness and openness towards oneself. Self-compassion requires patience, acceptance, and understanding. As a process, self-compassion can be used as a skill to cope with pain or problems. Self-compassion is also a way to regulate emotions (4). Appreciation is another concept that has been explored in marital studies. The concept of appreciation can be understood from a functional approach to emotions, which suggests that emotions have evolved to help humans solve problems and adapt to their environment (5). Experiencing appreciation helps individuals find good relationships with their spouses, remember good moments in their lives, and then become closer to each other. Studies have shown that expressed appreciation brings both personal and relational benefits, such as social behavior and maintaining relationships (6). The components of maintaining attractiveness and self-compassion play a significant role in satisfaction and continuity of marital relationships. Finding psychotherapeutic methods to enhance these components among women facing difficulties can be helpful in the treatment process for these individuals. The positive psychology approach to therapy can be beneficial for marital problems. This approach focuses on increasing positive energy, emphasizing healthy relationships, and improving communication between spouses. Key principles of positive therapy include highlighting the strengths of each spouse, boosting self-esteem, and enhancing emotional connections. This approach can help you improve and strengthen your marital life. In this therapy, the quality of the relationship and positive interactions between married individuals are more focused on; as a sequence of negative interactions is more likely to lead to turmoil in the marital relationship.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study were the women who referred to counseling centrals in Tehran city in 2019. Available sampling was used in this study. 30 clients who had marriage complaint were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group, an intervention was conducted and positive psychology training was provided. However, no educational intervention was considered for the control group. Intervention of positive psychology was 12 sessions of 90 minutes in groups and weekly. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and bonferroni pst Hoc test with repeated measures were used. Data collection tools were demographic data sheet, Karandasho's physical attractiveness questionnaire (2020), Neff's narcissism questionnaire (2003) and Mc Clife's gratitude questionnaire (2002).
Results: The results showed that no significant difference was observed between the groups in the pretest (p<0.01). But in post-test, there was a significant difference between Experimental groups and control groups. The findings showed that the intervention method can be effective in improving the attractiveness of couples, self-compassion and appreciation of women with marital problems.
Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be stated that positive psychology as an effective therapeutic approach can be used to enhance attractiveness, self-esteem, and appreciation, leading to a reduction in marital problems for couples.
The present study, like other researches in the field of behavioral sciences, has faced limitations. the lack of follow-up treatment and the weak participation of some participants due to cultural reasons were limitations faced in this research. It's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results and planning future studies.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study were the women who referred to counseling centrals in Tehran city in 2019. Available sampling was used in this study. 30 clients who had marriage complaint were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group, an intervention was conducted and positive psychology training was provided. However, no educational intervention was considered for the control group. Intervention of positive psychology was 12 sessions of 90 minutes in groups and weekly. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and bonferroni pst Hoc test with repeated measures were used. Data collection tools were demographic data sheet, Karandasho's physical attractiveness questionnaire (2020), Neff's narcissism questionnaire (2003) and Mc Clife's gratitude questionnaire (2002).
Results: The results showed that no significant difference was observed between the groups in the pretest (p<0.01). But in post-test, there was a significant difference between Experimental groups and control groups. The findings showed that the intervention method can be effective in improving the attractiveness of couples, self-compassion and appreciation of women with marital problems.
Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be stated that positive psychology as an effective therapeutic approach can be used to enhance attractiveness, self-esteem, and appreciation, leading to a reduction in marital problems for couples.
The present study, like other researches in the field of behavioral sciences, has faced limitations. the lack of follow-up treatment and the weak participation of some participants due to cultural reasons were limitations faced in this research. It's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results and planning future studies.
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