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Mahboobe Yousefian Sanny, Hossein Abednatanzi, Khosrow Ebrahim, Keyvan Molanorouzi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Anxiety disorders are the most common types of mental health disorders worldwide, especially among adolescents [3, 5]. In addition, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in Iranian adolescents, especially girls, is very significant and has been reported as 7-85% [6]. Despite the significant increase in society's awareness of the global importance of anxiety disorders in adolescents, the limited effectiveness, huge costs, and significant side effects of current treatments require the provision of new, effective, cost-effective strategies that do not have alternative or complementary side effects for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. It has doubled in adolescents [2, 7, 8].
Several evidences showing the negative correlation of cardio-respiratory fitness with anxiety symptoms in adults [12-9] have led many researchers to investigate the possible beneficial effects of aerobic training programs on cardio-respiratory fitness and subsequent anxiety symptoms as a A new, effective, cost-effective strategy without potential side effects is promising in the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders [7, 8, 12-14].
Considering the aforementioned cases and the negative impact of anxiety on personal and social life, on the one hand, the importance of discovering the best method to reduce the negative effects of anxiety, on the other hand, and the lack of research on the subject, the question of the present research is whether eight weeks of aerobic exercise with Does physical display have an effect on teenage girls' anxiety or not?2.Methods
In order to conduct the present practical and semi-experimental research, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design and in a parallel random controlled method of 8 weeks. Among the teenage girls who met the criteria for entering the study, working in public and private schools of Shahinshahr city, Isfahan province in the academic year of 1400-1401 in the elementary, first secondary and second secondary courses were selected using easy sampling method [23]. In order to collect data, after the completion of the consent form by the parents of the students, in the pre-test phase, all the subjects were asked the 50-item YAM-5 questionnaire, which contains a 28-item subscale to check the symptoms of the 5 main anxiety disorders and They completed a 22-item subscale to assess the symptoms of 5 different phobias in clinical and non-clinical populations of children and adolescents [24, 25]. Also, the aerobic exercise program with a demonstration approach used in the aerobic exercise-performance group included a series of moderate intensity aerobic exercises in the form of 30, 35, 40, and 45-minute shows derived from the movements of the Afar, Kermanji, and Azeri rituals in accordance with the 10 principles of exercise. [27] was designed. Also, the show program used in the show group included shows of 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes using creative and improvised show techniques with cultural themes. It should be noted that during the 8-week intervention period of the present study, 30-, 35-, 40-, and 45-minute programs were used in the first 2 weeks, the second 2 weeks, the third 2 weeks, and the fourth 2 weeks of the intervention in 3 sessions per week. it placed.
The training consisted of 8 weeks of aerobic training with basic non-impact and high-impact aerobic movements (combination of low and high contact) and aerobic training with basic non-impact and high-impact aerobic movements (combination of low and high contact) with a demonstration approach; The first stage: warm-up (5 minutes), the second stage: aerobic exercises with basic aerobic movements in order to prepare for the main exercises (10 minutes), The third stage: combined moderate aerobic exercises, rhythmic movements, weight bearing, including movements such as leg press on the floor, simple squats (with bent knees and straight knees) and three-sided squats, dynamic and static squats, planks, lunges, hilaps, side shuffles - rolling Spinning (10 minutes for the first two weeks, 15 minutes for the second two weeks, 20 minutes for the third two weeks, and 25 minutes for the fourth two weeks) and the last step was cooling down and returning to the initial state (5 minutes). The intensity of the aerobic exercises with a dramatic approach is balanced with the rhythm of the music and the main training program includes rhythmic and musical movement patterns that were made by several experts and taught to the subjects. and it was controlled and recorded using a polar clock [31]. Finally, the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.
3.Results
The results of the present research showed that eight weeks of interactive aerobic and demonstration exercises have a significant effect on the main anxiety level of teenage girls. Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to investigate the difference between the groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the aerobic exercise group and the control group on the one hand, and between the aerobic exercise group with physical display and the control group, but there is no significant difference between the other groups.
In relation to state anxiety, the results showed that eight weeks of interactive aerobic and drama training has no significant effect on the level of phobia of teenage girls.
4.Discussion
The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic exercise with physical display has an effect on the main anxiety of teenage girls. Also, it was found that there is a significant difference between the aerobic exercise group with control on the one hand and between the aerobic exercise group with physical display and the control group, but there is a difference between the other groups. There is no meaning. In the explanation of the present research, it can be said that biologically, mental disorders are caused by the lack of biogenic amines. Biogenic amines are neurochemical substances that facilitate neurotransmission and play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Speculations about the neurochemical basis of mental disorders are often around the reduction of serotonin and norepinephrine, researches have shown that aerobic exercise increases the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the body. The determining factor in the speed of serotonin synthesis is the amount of tryptophan in the body. Some researchers have shown that long-term aerobic exercise increases the concentration of free tryptophan in the plasma, which leads to an increase in the synthesis of serotonin and its release into the blood circulation (18). In general, other different physiological and biochemical reasons have been stated for the mechanism of the effect of exercise on mental disorders. Among those reasons, the changes in serum amino acids, which are the precursors of neurotransmitters, which have received more attention than other cases. Recently, increasing the concentration of phenylethylamine in brain cells has been noticed as a substance that has an anti-depressant effect. This substance causes a state of euphoria and vitality due to its structural similarity with amphetamines (16). In order to reduce and treat mental disorders, exercise is used to produce more phenylalanine (20).
In relation to phobia, the results showed that eight weeks of interactive aerobic and dramatic training does not have a significant effect on the level of phobia of teenage girls. In the explanation of the present research, it should be mentioned that considering the above contents and the effect of exercise and physical display on important variables in mental disorders such as serotonin and tryptophan, it is expected that phobia has decreased in the present research, which also happened, but this decrease It was not statistically significant, which may be due to the length of the research period, the intensity of the exercises, the mental conditions of the subjects, etc.
Seyedah Farideh Mohammadzadeh, Hossein Ali Bahramzadeh, Moseib Samanian,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background
Psychological empowerment is instilling a sense of power in people because any management method that can strengthen people's sense of independence leads to a sense of power in them. Empowering human resources means creating the necessary capacities in employees to enable them to create added value in the organization (1). Psychological empowerment of employees as a new internal motivational approach means freeing the internal forces and power of people and also providing It is the platforms and creating opportunities for the flourishing of the talents, abilities and competencies of the employees and actually includes the perceptions of people regarding their role in the job and the organization. Psychological empowerment and giving freedom of action to employees is one of the basic strategies to increase performance and productivity in today's organizations. In order to increase productivity, most organizations focus a large part of their focus and attention on empowering employees (2).
Despite the increasing importance of human resources, less attention has been paid to the field of human resource empowerment in government organizations, and surveys indicate the lack of comprehensive internal research in this field in government organizations, especially banks. While empowerment can play an important role in the effectiveness of organizations and even though many managers consider empowerment as a skill that should be implemented and experienced, its actual implementation in management is rarely done today. take With this description, the purpose of this research is to deal with the issue of psychological empowerment of employees and its relationship with their job performance, since the researcher has observed and studied many articles related to the relationship of empowerment with job attachment and organizational citizenship behavior during the research. The second variable is tested as a mediating variable in the model.
Methods
The current research is developmental and practical in terms of purpose because it seeks to develop and design a model of psychological empowerment in banks, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and correlational with a survey group, and the nature of the research is a mixed method of exploration with integration. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The technique used to explain the variables of psychological empowerment of the components, indicators and items related to them is based on the fuzzy Delphi technique. To examine other variables, standard questionnaires are used, and to infer research questions and model tests, a survey method based on structural equations is used. Considering that library methods and specialized books and articles related to the psychological empowerment of human resources are used in this research in order to increase the formal validity of the items and indicators related to the main variables in the pre-model and also because it is a survey method A survey of academic and experimental experts is used to examine the research questions, so it can be said that the current research has a descriptive-exploratory combined approach. In this research, after defining the topic, a set of factors and components affecting the psychological empowerment of human resources, which were explained based on the literature study and research background and interviews with experts, were identified and extracted, in the form of a primary research model including four variables. The main psychological empowerment of human resources along with the components and indicators related to these variables were classified and arranged in the form of a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, using the Delphi technique, this questionnaire was distributed among the experts in two rounds. (Given that the amount of disagreement between the experts between the first and second stages of the Delphi implementation was less than the very low threshold of 0.2, the survey was stopped in the second stage. In order to determine the sample size in the survey, the Kargesi Morgan table (1970) was used. Based on this and according to the mentioned table, the size of the population at the confidence level is 95% and the sampling error is 5%. There are 325 employees of Razavi Khorasan National Bank. Answering the research questions were chosen. For data analysis, two statistical methods have been used, including: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In descriptive statistics, research variables are investigated with tools such as mean, standard deviation, and variance. In inferential statistics, confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used with the help of smart pls4 software to check the research hypotheses.
In this research, the validity of the questionnaire has been obtained using two methods of face validity and factor validity. The face-content validity of the empowerment questionnaire has been confirmed by asking the opinion of respected professors of the university. Also, in this research, factor validity (factor analysis) was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method is used to determine the reliability of the test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for psychological empowerment variables (0.781) for constructs is higher than 0.7, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaires.
Results
Descriptive study of the statistical sample of gender variable, 60% of the respondents were male. Also, 40% of respondents are women. Most of the respondents are over 30 years old. All the people present in this research have a master's degree and half of them have a doctorate degree, which shows the high level of knowledge and expertise of the people of this organization. The people present are at different levels of the organization and from different job positions. The significance path of the variables was confirmed based on t values and P values and the psychological empowerment variable was explained by its indicators. Convergent validity was assessed using average variance extracted (AVE). Since all the AVE values of the variables were higher than 0.50, the convergent validity was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha test and construct reliability are used to measure model reliability. Cronbach's alpha value higher than 0.7 is an acceptable indicator of reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the measurement items of each construct is greater than 0.7, which indicates a satisfactory level of reliability. The composite reliability results are higher than the recommended value. Also, in order to evaluate the structural model, the R2 criterion is also considered. According to the obtained results, the suitability of the fit of the structural model is confirmed.
Conclusion
According to the research findings, it is concluded that there is a relationship between the obtained model of psychological empowerment. Considering the relationship between the dimensions of the obtained psychological empowerment model as a result of improving their job performance, the obtained model can be used. One of the important and effective components in the psychological empowerment of employees is mutual communication between managers and employees. The evaluation of the set of factors affecting this component showed that the most important ones are: trust in employees, effective handling of employee complaints, fair treatment of employees and appreciation of employees' hard work; Therefore, according to the mentioned cases: when managers make employees feel valuable and support them in doing their work, employees trust managers. Attention to employees creates a sense of peace, security and value in them.
Psychological empowerment is instilling a sense of power in people because any management method that can strengthen people's sense of independence leads to a sense of power in them. Empowering human resources means creating the necessary capacities in employees to enable them to create added value in the organization (1). Psychological empowerment of employees as a new internal motivational approach means freeing the internal forces and power of people and also providing It is the platforms and creating opportunities for the flourishing of the talents, abilities and competencies of the employees and actually includes the perceptions of people regarding their role in the job and the organization. Psychological empowerment and giving freedom of action to employees is one of the basic strategies to increase performance and productivity in today's organizations. In order to increase productivity, most organizations focus a large part of their focus and attention on empowering employees (2).
Despite the increasing importance of human resources, less attention has been paid to the field of human resource empowerment in government organizations, and surveys indicate the lack of comprehensive internal research in this field in government organizations, especially banks. While empowerment can play an important role in the effectiveness of organizations and even though many managers consider empowerment as a skill that should be implemented and experienced, its actual implementation in management is rarely done today. take With this description, the purpose of this research is to deal with the issue of psychological empowerment of employees and its relationship with their job performance, since the researcher has observed and studied many articles related to the relationship of empowerment with job attachment and organizational citizenship behavior during the research. The second variable is tested as a mediating variable in the model.
Methods
The current research is developmental and practical in terms of purpose because it seeks to develop and design a model of psychological empowerment in banks, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical and correlational with a survey group, and the nature of the research is a mixed method of exploration with integration. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The technique used to explain the variables of psychological empowerment of the components, indicators and items related to them is based on the fuzzy Delphi technique. To examine other variables, standard questionnaires are used, and to infer research questions and model tests, a survey method based on structural equations is used. Considering that library methods and specialized books and articles related to the psychological empowerment of human resources are used in this research in order to increase the formal validity of the items and indicators related to the main variables in the pre-model and also because it is a survey method A survey of academic and experimental experts is used to examine the research questions, so it can be said that the current research has a descriptive-exploratory combined approach. In this research, after defining the topic, a set of factors and components affecting the psychological empowerment of human resources, which were explained based on the literature study and research background and interviews with experts, were identified and extracted, in the form of a primary research model including four variables. The main psychological empowerment of human resources along with the components and indicators related to these variables were classified and arranged in the form of a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, using the Delphi technique, this questionnaire was distributed among the experts in two rounds. (Given that the amount of disagreement between the experts between the first and second stages of the Delphi implementation was less than the very low threshold of 0.2, the survey was stopped in the second stage. In order to determine the sample size in the survey, the Kargesi Morgan table (1970) was used. Based on this and according to the mentioned table, the size of the population at the confidence level is 95% and the sampling error is 5%. There are 325 employees of Razavi Khorasan National Bank. Answering the research questions were chosen. For data analysis, two statistical methods have been used, including: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In descriptive statistics, research variables are investigated with tools such as mean, standard deviation, and variance. In inferential statistics, confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used with the help of smart pls4 software to check the research hypotheses.
In this research, the validity of the questionnaire has been obtained using two methods of face validity and factor validity. The face-content validity of the empowerment questionnaire has been confirmed by asking the opinion of respected professors of the university. Also, in this research, factor validity (factor analysis) was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method is used to determine the reliability of the test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for psychological empowerment variables (0.781) for constructs is higher than 0.7, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaires.
Results
Descriptive study of the statistical sample of gender variable, 60% of the respondents were male. Also, 40% of respondents are women. Most of the respondents are over 30 years old. All the people present in this research have a master's degree and half of them have a doctorate degree, which shows the high level of knowledge and expertise of the people of this organization. The people present are at different levels of the organization and from different job positions. The significance path of the variables was confirmed based on t values and P values and the psychological empowerment variable was explained by its indicators. Convergent validity was assessed using average variance extracted (AVE). Since all the AVE values of the variables were higher than 0.50, the convergent validity was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha test and construct reliability are used to measure model reliability. Cronbach's alpha value higher than 0.7 is an acceptable indicator of reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the measurement items of each construct is greater than 0.7, which indicates a satisfactory level of reliability. The composite reliability results are higher than the recommended value. Also, in order to evaluate the structural model, the R2 criterion is also considered. According to the obtained results, the suitability of the fit of the structural model is confirmed.
Conclusion
According to the research findings, it is concluded that there is a relationship between the obtained model of psychological empowerment. Considering the relationship between the dimensions of the obtained psychological empowerment model as a result of improving their job performance, the obtained model can be used. One of the important and effective components in the psychological empowerment of employees is mutual communication between managers and employees. The evaluation of the set of factors affecting this component showed that the most important ones are: trust in employees, effective handling of employee complaints, fair treatment of employees and appreciation of employees' hard work; Therefore, according to the mentioned cases: when managers make employees feel valuable and support them in doing their work, employees trust managers. Attention to employees creates a sense of peace, security and value in them.
Ghaderi, Ebrahimi Takamjani, Salavati, Marofi,
Volume 10, Issue 34 (9-2003)
Volume 10, Issue 34 (9-2003)
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders which are introduced with back pain are now the most common cause of chronic incapacity in industrialized countries. One of the important causes of low back pain is, spinal instability. A recent focus in the physiotherapy management of patients with back pain has been the active spinal stabilization exercises of muscles surrounding the spine considered to provide dynamic stability and fine control to the lumbar spine with increasing endurance and coordination of spinal stabilizer muscles. On the other hand many studies have found that inadequate strength and endurance of the back muscles are significant risk factors and symptoms for low back pain. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of specific stabilizing exercises on the lumbar muscle performance in saggital plane in normal subjects with Isostation B200 and clinical endurance tests. In a randomized clinical trial(RCT) 30 young healthy females were assigned randomly to case and control groups. The case group underwent a 4 week specific exercise program. After intervention the case group showed a statistically significant increase in strength and endurance variables in all tests, but after 4 weeks follow up, strength decreased significantly. Improvement in trunk muscle strength and endurance after spinal stabilization training suggests that these exercises can be the best choice for low back pain. Key Words: 1) Active spinal stabilization exercise 2) Trunk muscle performance 3) Isostation B200
Determination of Thiamin Level by a Sensitive HPLC Method in Plasma of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
M. Motevalian, E. Souri, N. Tafreshi, H. Jalalizadeh, M. Mahmoudian,
Volume 15, Issue 0 (1-2009)
Volume 15, Issue 0 (1-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Renal replacement therapies are usually associated with changes in trace elements and metabolism of vitamins. Multivitamins are administered routinely to dialysis patients in dialysis centers. Thiamin plasma level is a good indicator of nutritional state of the patient. In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC method for determination of the concentration of thiamin in human plasma has developed by which thiamin level is detected in plasma of hemodialysis patients. The aim of the study was determination of thiamin blood levels in chronic hemodylysis patients in order to evaluate their need for thiamin supplements.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the plasma of nine Iranian patients on hemodialysis were analyzed for their thiamin levels and compared to the thiamin levels in a group of healthy Iranian subjects. The procedure was based on pre-column oxidation of thiamin to thiochrome followed by fluorescence detection. Plasma (1ml) was deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid and thiamin was extracted with diethyl ether. Then, cyanogens bromide (0.3 M) was added to convert thiamin to thiochrome. Samples (25µl) were applied to a Novapak C8, 4µm (4.6 × 250 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: phosphate buffer (30mM) in the ratio of 45:55 and 0.05% sodium lauryl sulfate. Data were analyzed using SPSS V13. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and One- way Anova test.
Results: A precise and reproducible HPLC method was developed for determination of thiamin in plasma. The minimum detection limit was 0.2 ng/ml and percentage recovery was 85%. Inter and Intra day assay variabilities were determined for 1,5 and 15 ng/ml thiamin spikes in plasma and coefficient of variations were in the range 0.2-2.94%. The average plasma thiamin level in 10 healthy Iranian subjects was 3.07±0.95 ng/ml and in Iranian patients was 4.72±1.12 ng/ml and 4.29±0.67 ng/ml before and after hemodialysis, respectively. Our study has shown that the mean plasma thiamin level in Iranian patients on hemodialysis has no significant difference with its level in healthy Iranian subjects. The thiamin level also remained unchanged before and after the hemodialysis.
Conclusion: The HPLC method used for determination of thiamin in plasma was sensitive, accurate, reproducible and suitable for kinetic studies of thiamin. According to our findings the thiamin level in patients undergoing hemodialysis has no significant difference with healthy subjects and it seems that dietary vitamin is sufficient for the normal functions of the body, and taking viamin supplementation is not necessary for these patients.
N. Morteza, E. Ebrahimi Takamjani, V. Abdollah, A. A. Jamshidi, M. Kamali,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (9-2009)
Volume 16, Issue 0 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Knee injury is one of the major problems in sports medicine, and the use of prophylactic knee braces is an attempt to reduce the occurrence or severity of injuries to the knee joint. In addition to providing protection, a prophylactic knee brace should not inhibit normal joint function. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of three prophylactic knee braces upon athletes' performance.
Patients and Method: This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 31 healthy male collegiate athletes volunteered as subjects to examine the effect of these braces on their knee function through isokinetic and functional tests in four sets: 1-without brace (control) 2- wearing knee sleeve without stays 3- wearing knee sleeve with four bilateral stays 4-with prefabricated brace. The order of sets was randomized and the domain limb was evaluated. The test protocol consisted of cross-over hop and vertical jump tests, in which the best jump distance of three trials was recorded. Then the subjects were administered an isokinetic knee flexion and extension test at 60deg/sec, 180 deg/sec and 300deg/sec, and the following isokinetic variables were recorded: peak torque to body weight ratio and average power. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between 4 conditions.
Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between three trials in terms of peak torque to body weight ratio, average power, vertical jump and hop measurements,as they were tested within the three experimental conditions and one control condition (p>0. 05).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the selected brace/sleeves did not significantly inhibit athletic performance. Inasmuch as the function of knee joint was not impaired while wearing the neoprene sleeve without stays and knee sleeves are supposed to ameliorate knee joint position sense. it seems beneficial to use neoprene sleeves as the main structure of prophylactic knee braces.
Pirouzi,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (12-2009)
Volume 16, Issue 0 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background: In today's competitive world, the most important and vital asset of any organization, especially medical centers such as the hospital, is its human capital. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work life activities on the organizational performance of employees of the 9th Day Government Hospital of Torbat-e Heydariyeh.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes all employees of the 9th Day Government Hospital of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, whose number was equal to 70 people and who were working in 2008-2009. The statistical sample size of the present study was considered equal to 70 people according to the whole number method. The Walton Work Life Activity Questionnaire and the Hersey Goldsmith Organizational Performance Questionnaire were used to collect the required information. Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the research data.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between work life activities and its components (legality, safe work environment, growth opportunity, fair pay, general atmosphere, social dependence) with improving organizational performance.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be stated that by being aware of the positive impact that the factors examined in this study have on organizational performance, officials and stakeholders can take a positive step towards increasing organizational performance and productivity and can take an important step towards achieving organizational goals and ideals.
Mahshid Kadkhodaei Khalafi, Valiollah Dabidi Roshan, Mohammad Reza Beyranvand,
Volume 18, Issue 84 (6-2011)
Volume 18, Issue 84 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background: Although a series of cardiovascular risk factors have been recently identified, taurine deficiency has been demonstrated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been poorly investigated in patients with Cardiac Heart Failure (CHF).The aim of present study was to investigate response of the cardiovascular physiological and functional markers following the short-term taurine supplementation and Burce protocol in patients with CHF.
Methods : In a semi-experimental design, sixteen male CHF patients (classified in class II & III) aged between 50 to 65 yr. were randomly divided into taurine and placebo groups. The taurine group received 1.5 gr. of taurine (3 times daily 500 mg capsules), while at the same time, the placebo group consumed starch capsules for duration of 2 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, maximal activity time on treadmill by Bruce protocol, Vo2 peak and plasma taurine, cardiac troponin I and CPK-MB concentrations were measured before and after taurine supplementation by standard methods. Data was analyzed by using dependent and independent t- student tests at p ≤ 0.05 levels.
Results: The results showed that the taurine supplementation decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure level, heart rate and the cardiac troponin I and CPK-MB concentration in plasma, as compared with placebo group. In addition, taurine supplementation increased the maximal activity time on treadmill and Vo2 peak in comparison with placebo group.
Conclusion : These data proved the anti-hypertensive effect and antioxidant role of taurine in patients with CHF. Therefore, our study supports this idea that taurine supplementation can be recommended to patients who suffer from cardiac events as a preventive nutritional strategy.
Mohammad Amiri, Mehdi Raei, Reza Chaman, Eisa Nasiri,
Volume 18, Issue 92 (2-2012)
Volume 18, Issue 92 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Employee satisfaction is an important issue that can have a powerful effect on motivation levels. This study aimed at determining the level of satisfaction in family physicians and health care team members and factors influencing it in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This applied study was conducted in a cross sectional frame in 2011. Sample size included all physicians (25) and all health care providers (224) who were working in health centers involved in family medicine projects. Separate self-questionnaire was filled by physician, assistances and other health care providers. Data was analyzed with SPSS software using Independent-samples t test, Chi square, One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Post hoc multiple comparisons test was Tukey.
Results: Family physicians covered about 96464 people. Mean of general satisfaction score in physicians was 97.2±15.5 that indicated medium satisfaction. There was no significant relation between physicians’ general satisfaction and age, gender, marriage, acquaintance in family medicine and number of people that they covered. However, there was significant relation between family physicians satisfaction and the number of rotation during the project period, satisfaction of knowledge and skill, and cooperation of health care provider. In addition, there was significant difference among different professions and distance of health center from center of town.
Conclusion: As family physicians are leaders of health care provider teams and considering their medium level of satisfaction, it is essential to give this group full attention in order to promote their motivation. In addition, it is crucial to consider coordination and staff problems and their instruction.
Elham Alimohamadiyan, Morteza Shafiee,
Volume 22, Issue 140 (2-2016)
Volume 22, Issue 140 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background: Ranking hospitals are important for their staff motivation and lifting spirit of competition and effort. Ranking hospital is not take place unless an accurate assessment is encouraged. In this study, we used FMCDM, BSC approaches to rank Shiraz University of Medical Sciences’ teaching hospitals.
Methods: This is a case study. Statistical population consisted of 12 teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. For ranking these hospitals, four fuzzy multi-criteria decision tools including Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP, Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy VIKOR were used. Excel software was used for analysis of data.
Results: Based on fuzzy VIKOR results, the worst options were Ghotbodin, Namazi and Rajai hospitals, respectively. These three options obtained the lowest value of the performance in the 3 top indexes on the scale fuzzy decision matrix TOPSIS method. This means that the strengthening of the 3 criteria must be a very important factor in determining growth strategies of Ghotbodin, Namazi and Rajai hospitals. Dastgheib, Shoushtari and Khalili Hospitals are among the best options that obtained the highest value in the decision matrix Scale Fuzzy TOPSIS method for 3 superior indexes.
Conclusion: The point to note is that, it is true that these 3 hospitals are known as the best hospitals, but in "the successful CPCR" criteria as the most important selection criteria, did not obtain not the highest scores. As a result, if these hospitals become more degraded in the future under the criteria of "the successful CPCR", they will lose their high rank among other options.
Rahmat Chatripour, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Azar Tol, Kourosh Sayehmiri, Abolghasem Asfeia, Fatemeh Kia,
Volume 23, Issue 146 (8-2016)
Volume 23, Issue 146 (8-2016)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disability around the world. Education based on training models such as the health belief model is one of the most basic methods of prevention of diseases. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of teacher education based on the HBM model on promoting knowledge, attitude and performance of students in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Method: This interventional study was conducted on 78 first grade high school teachersand 467 of their students in the city of Dehloran during 2013-2014. Teachers were divided into two groups of intervention (n=41) and control (n=37) and students were also divided into two groups of intervention (n=249) and control (n=218). Intervention group teachers participated in 6 planned educational sessions based on the HBM model using teaching aids. Teachers completed questionnaires after 3 months and students after 6 months. Data was analyzed by SPSS software through descriptive tests, paired-t test and independent t-test.
Findings: The perceived benefits structure significantly changed for teachers in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (p <0.01). The performance of intervention group students significantly changed in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion: Educational intervention can be used as an effective factor in reducing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in teachers and students through the HBM model from low ages.
Fatemeh Kia, Farbod Ebadi Fardazar, Abdollah Shojaee, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Hasan Mehrjo,
Volume 24, Issue 154 (4-2017)
Volume 24, Issue 154 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background: There are many factors in the present system of health care that can lead to changes in the quality and quantity of services. Payment system is the most important factor. Empirical evidence shows that financial incentives are the most important factors affecting individual and organizational behavior in the health sector. The project aims to investigate the effects of payment method on the performance of general surgeons in public hospitals, private and social security in Tehran.
Methods: We studied the medical research general surgery physician in governance, private and social security hospitals in Tehran. Data collection was performed using self-made forms that were collected for each medical researcher. To compare the average score of doctors to separate the payment method (the relationship between the score of the payment method) be used for one-way ANOVA using SPSS software.
Results: The surgery in public hospitals, private and social security to annoy each doctor on the day of, respectively, 2.61, 0.43 and 6.74, respectively. Most procedures performed in hospitals, social security and the lowest was in a private hospital. By analysis of variance showed no statistically significant relationship between performance and payment method (p= 0.128).
Conclusion: According to receive a referral fee practice in the public sector incentives for doctors who work in both sectors is higher. This indicates that the entrance fee they receive no difference with the private sector on the one hand is a sign on the other hand the cost of public sector pay increases.
Relation between Attachment to Father and Academic Performance: Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation
Mehran Azadi, Valiollah Farzad, Esmaeel Sa'dipour, Zahra, Khoshnevisan, Abdol’azim Karimi,
Volume 24, Issue 154 (4-2017)
Volume 24, Issue 154 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background: Academic performance is one of the main psychological concepts that is allocated wide theoretical and experimental researches and studies. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment to father and academic performance.
Methods: Participants were 303 eighth grade experimental field students (134 boys, 169 girls) who were studying in public schools of Tehran and completed Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Attachment to Parents and Peers Questionnaire. Their academic performance was calculated using their final exam’s average scores of physics, chemistry and biology. The validity and reliability of the study was obtained by using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23, Lisrel version 9.2 and Amos version 23.
Results: Results showed good fit to the model and attachment to father (p<0.001, β=0.48) and emotion regulation (p<0.001, β=-0.37) each one separately to affect academic performance. Indirect effect of attachment to father on academic performance also was significant p>0.001 through emotion regulation.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the effect of attachment to parents in children's emotion regulation and thus improve their academic performance.
Der Tahereh Dehdari, Miss Laleh Dehdari,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Volume 25, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: Given the importance of aromatic hydrocarbons in developing cancer, the necessity of educating individuals about methods to reduce it in food products and the importance of assessing individuals’ knowledge and practice to design effective educational programs, the present study aimed to determine the knowledge and performance of employers regarding suitable cooking methods to reduce the production of aromatic hydrocarbons in meat in 2017.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 128 employers who were employed in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran were selected randomly. Data were collected by a 46-item questionnaire and then analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient, One-Way ANOVA and T- test. P>0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Finding showed that about half of the participants were informed about meat barbeque on charcoal, frying method and smoking methods that generate aromatic hydrocarbons in meat. In addition, about 50% of participants expressed that steam and boiled methods for cooking meat can reduce the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons in meat. Most consumed meat among participants were meat fried, boiled and then barbequed on charcoal, respectively. Only 36.7% of participants didn’t eat the burned parts of meat.
Conclusion: Given the lack of individuals’ information about the role of meat cooking methods in the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and the methods for reducing its production, it is imperative that health workers provide essential information in the cancer prevention education sessions.
Majid Sadoughi,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background: Academic students’ burnout can negatively affect academic performance. Thus, it is highly important to identify related factors, which can prevent this phenomenon. The present study explored the relationship between psychological capital and academic burnout by considering the mediating role of academic engagement among students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, multi-stage sampling was used to select 330 students (220 females; 110 males) in Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the 2017-2018 academic years. The participants provided their demographic data and filled in Fredricks engagement scale and, psychological capital scale. The data were descriptively analyzed and correlation analysis and structural equation modeling was used.
Results: The findings indicated that psychological capital could significantly and inversely predict students’ academic burnout. In addition, academic engagement has a mediating role in the relationship between psychological capital and academic burnout. Good statistical fitness was found in the proposed model and there was good agreement between the structured model and empirical data. In this model, all regression weights were statistically significant, and predictor variables could explain 0.51 of the variance in academic burnout.
Conclusion: The promotion of students' psychological capital should be considered at the policy levels of education and implementation of effective interventions in counseling centers of medical universities. This can reduce their academic burnout through an increase in academic engagement
Mostafa Ekrami Kivaj, Hamid Janani, Jafar Barghi Moghadam, Mohammad Rahim Najafzadeh,
Volume 27, Issue 0 (11-2020)
Volume 27, Issue 0 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Sports and sporting events are an integral part of many cultures, and millions of spectators plan and pay to attend such events each year. Today, football is the most popular and popular sport in the international arena, as evidenced by the fact that many countries on five continents consider it as their national sport. Along with the growing interest in this sport, there have been many changes in football and related matters to the point that professional football has become a full-fledged industry in many countries. In the meantime, the employees of the federation are the most important and vital capital for success in football. In fact, employees, any organization, whether production, industrial, sports or training, are interested in being part of the factors of success and achieving high success and performance in the organization so that in the present era, employee performance at the top of many efforts There are ways to improve the work environment. This is why successful organizations around the world make great efforts to identify and manage the factors that affect the performance and behavior of employees and succeed in providing these factors to increase the performance of their employees quantitatively and qualitatively.
The problem is that performance management has not worked as expected and should be reconsidered in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. This is why organizations always suffer from severe inefficiency in the field of performance management. After several years of the presence of performance management in the public sector, there are still significant problems and the expected improvements in performance have not occurred, so that Freer et al. they had. To this end, most organizations have turned their attention to organizational leaders who are trying harder to bring about fundamental change in the organization; Because leadership deals with change.Transformational leaders strengthen employee trust by empowering and supporting employees. As a result, their efficiency and innovative behavior are improved, and this has enough potential to affect the human capital of employees and, consequently, improve performance. Existence of transformational leadership can be a key factor in creating and developing intellectual capital to achieve the long-term success of an organization. Staff performance has always been affected by different structures. Accordingly, porous of this study was conducted to develop a transformational leadership model and job performance with a moderating role of proactive personality.
Methods: This study is a descriptive correlational study with the purpose of applied research. The statistical population the study was Iran Football Federation official staff and the provincial teams that play in the Premier League of the country. According to the target population, 310 people were selected as the statistical sample. The study tool was a standard questionnaire for research variables whose validity by Cronbach's alpha test and its Reliability was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares method. The results study showed that transformational leadership and proactive personality can directly influence the job performance in sports staff.
Results: The results of the Structural Equation Modeling were also confirmed (GOF = 0.59) and showed that proactive personality variable can enhance the effect of transformational leadership on job performance with moderating role. The results obtained from the overall fit index of the structural equation model showed that the active proactive personality variable can negatively moderate the impact of high-performance work systems on immoral extra-organizational behaviors. The results obtained from the overall fit index of the structural equation model showed that the active personality variable can negatively moderate the impact of high-performance work systems on immoral extra-organizational behaviors. Given the confirmation of this issue, we must examine the severity of its effects. In other words, the researcher should report how strong or moderate the modification rate was if the moderator effect was significant in the research.
Conclusion: Efforts to improve the performance of human resources and the organization in general, is one of the important tasks of managers in any organization. The results of the study showed that the variables of transformational leadership and active personality have a direct positive effect on employees' job performance. This means that transformational leadership affects 0.434 of changes in job performance. This study showed that one of these situational factors is transformational leadership. Accordingly, senior managers of the country's football federation can use transformational leadership to strengthen the active personality of their employees, which will ultimately lead to further improvement of employees' job performance. According to the researcher, the country's football staff, if they have an active personality, will always get the necessary motivation to change their work environment from managers who use transformational leadership, and will constantly seek to improve their job status and that of the football federation. These employees enjoy facing and overcoming the obstacles to their ideas in the federation and redouble their efforts to improve and implement the ideas in the organization; Because they are always trying to help those who have problems in any way they can and turn the problems in the organization into great opportunities to improve performance. Accordingly, in order to cultivate the active behaviors of employees, in addition to employing and promoting people who have active personality traits, the Football Federation of the country should provide the necessary support and resources for them and their jobs and responsibilities in the federation. Design in a way that facilitates and reinforces the possibility of active behaviors. Managers should also be effective in the development of active behaviors in the organization by using the principles of transformational leadership and establishing appropriate relationships with their followers. As the results of this study showed that if employees' relationships with leaders are good, the probability of active behaviors will increase.Efforts to improve the performance of human resources and the organization in general, is one of the important tasks of managers in any organization. The results of the study showed that the variables of transformational leadership and proactive personality have a direct positive effect on employees' job performance. This means that transformational leadership affects 0.434 of changes in job performance. Based on the research results, it can be said that if the employees' relationships with leaders are good, the probability of active behaviors will increase.
Narjes Faramarzi,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (6-2020)
Volume 27, Issue 4 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Knowledge is important as one of the main drivers of progress and performance improvement in organizations. In fact, knowledge allows managers and employees to make better decisions using up-to-date and accurate information, innovate, and solve complex problems that may occur in the workplace more effectively. In complex organizations such as hospitals, where the need for coordination and cooperation between different teams is of great importance, knowledge-based leadership can have a significant impact on improving the quality of health services and increasing patient satisfaction. This type of leadership gives hospital staff access to new information and knowledge and can use their knowledge to improve care and treatment processes in the best possible way. Applying appropriate knowledge in hospitals can not only reduce decision-making time but also help improve accuracy in diagnosis and treatment. Knowledge-based leadership can play an important role in improving processes and increasing efficiency in hospitals, which are challenging and sensitive environments and require complex interactions. However, despite their efforts to apply knowledge-based leadership, many hospitals still face challenges in improving employees' performance and organizational growth. Effective knowledge-based leadership helps hospitals use their resources optimally and improve their work processes. This increases the quality of medical services and patient satisfaction, because hospitals can respond to medical needs faster and more accurately. On the other hand, organizational growth of employees, which shows their professional growth and development, plays an important role in increasing motivation, job satisfaction, and reducing job burnout. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the relationship between knowledge-based leadership and organizational performance, especially in the context of hospitals, and its effect on the organizational growth of employees. This research seeks to answer the questions of how knowledge-based leadership can help improve organizational performance and increase employee growth in hospitals and what factors are influential in this regard. This study can help provide practical solutions to improve knowledge management and improve organizational performance in hospitals and play a key role in optimizing processes and increasing employee satisfaction. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge-based leadership on organizational performance and organizational growth of employees of hospital in Kalat City.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of objective, quantitative in terms of data, and a survey in terms of data collection method from the group of descriptive-correlational researchers. According to the subject of the research, the statistical population included all the employees of Imam Hassan Mojtaba (AS) Kalat Hospital, which were estimated to be 100 and were working in 2018. The random sampling method is simple, and Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, based on which 80 people were selected. The data collection tools included Donit and Depalo's knowledge-based leadership questionnaire (2015), Spiders' organizational maturity (2007), and Ramezani's organizational maturity (2013). SPSS18 statistical software was used for data analysis, and the statistical test used in this research was Pearson's correlation test.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge-based leadership and organizational performance, as well as knowledge-based leadership and organizational growth.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that knowledge-based leadership has a significant effect on organizational performance and organizational growth of hospital employees. These findings indicate that hospitals whose leaders attach importance to knowledge management and sharing can have significant improvements in efficiency, service quality, and innovation in their work processes. Knowledge-based leadership by providing platforms for continuous learning and growth allows employees to develop their skills and participate in the organization's activities with more motivation and commitment. This research shows that knowledge-based leadership not only leads to increased efficiency and improved organizational performance but also contributes to the development and organizational growth of employees. Employees who work in a learning and supported environment feel more satisfied and belong to the organization and use their capacities to the fullest. In this way, knowledge-based leadership can be considered as a strategic approach to improve performance and strengthen organizational growth in hospitals. The general conclusion is that to achieve sustainable success and continuous growth in hospitals, focusing on knowledge-based leadership and paying attention to the professional and personal development of employees should be considered a basic priority. Knowledge-based leadership helps employees to continuously improve their skills and abilities by creating a platform for continuous learning and knowledge sharing. In environments such as hospitals where updating professional knowledge and skills is critical, knowledge-based leadership can enable employees to play a more effective role in the organization by accessing new knowledge. This leads to the professional and personal growth of employees and prepares them to accept new responsibilities and face work challenges. Knowledge-based leadership also makes employees feel that the organization cares about their development and growth, as leaders use knowledge and training as tools to enhance skills and create learning opportunities. This type of leadership motivates employees to be more creative and innovative in work processes and to look for new and more effective ways to improve performance instead of performing tasks in a traditional way. Also, by encouraging the exchange of information and cooperation between different team members, knowledge-based leadership strengthens the organizational climate in which employees feel more supported and valued. This support increases employees' commitment to the organization and creates a positive and dynamic environment in which individual and organizational growth is promoted simultaneously. Therefore, knowledge-based leadership not only causes the personal growth and development of employees but also creates the basis for increasing motivation, commitment, and creativity in the organization, which ultimately leads to organizational growth.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of objective, quantitative in terms of data, and a survey in terms of data collection method from the group of descriptive-correlational researchers. According to the subject of the research, the statistical population included all the employees of Imam Hassan Mojtaba (AS) Kalat Hospital, which were estimated to be 100 and were working in 2018. The random sampling method is simple, and Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, based on which 80 people were selected. The data collection tools included Donit and Depalo's knowledge-based leadership questionnaire (2015), Spiders' organizational maturity (2007), and Ramezani's organizational maturity (2013). SPSS18 statistical software was used for data analysis, and the statistical test used in this research was Pearson's correlation test.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge-based leadership and organizational performance, as well as knowledge-based leadership and organizational growth.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that knowledge-based leadership has a significant effect on organizational performance and organizational growth of hospital employees. These findings indicate that hospitals whose leaders attach importance to knowledge management and sharing can have significant improvements in efficiency, service quality, and innovation in their work processes. Knowledge-based leadership by providing platforms for continuous learning and growth allows employees to develop their skills and participate in the organization's activities with more motivation and commitment. This research shows that knowledge-based leadership not only leads to increased efficiency and improved organizational performance but also contributes to the development and organizational growth of employees. Employees who work in a learning and supported environment feel more satisfied and belong to the organization and use their capacities to the fullest. In this way, knowledge-based leadership can be considered as a strategic approach to improve performance and strengthen organizational growth in hospitals. The general conclusion is that to achieve sustainable success and continuous growth in hospitals, focusing on knowledge-based leadership and paying attention to the professional and personal development of employees should be considered a basic priority. Knowledge-based leadership helps employees to continuously improve their skills and abilities by creating a platform for continuous learning and knowledge sharing. In environments such as hospitals where updating professional knowledge and skills is critical, knowledge-based leadership can enable employees to play a more effective role in the organization by accessing new knowledge. This leads to the professional and personal growth of employees and prepares them to accept new responsibilities and face work challenges. Knowledge-based leadership also makes employees feel that the organization cares about their development and growth, as leaders use knowledge and training as tools to enhance skills and create learning opportunities. This type of leadership motivates employees to be more creative and innovative in work processes and to look for new and more effective ways to improve performance instead of performing tasks in a traditional way. Also, by encouraging the exchange of information and cooperation between different team members, knowledge-based leadership strengthens the organizational climate in which employees feel more supported and valued. This support increases employees' commitment to the organization and creates a positive and dynamic environment in which individual and organizational growth is promoted simultaneously. Therefore, knowledge-based leadership not only causes the personal growth and development of employees but also creates the basis for increasing motivation, commitment, and creativity in the organization, which ultimately leads to organizational growth.
Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Dr. Zahra Mosallanezhad, Dr. Mohammad Hassan Abdollahei, Mr. Hossein Yazdani, Mr. Afrooz Samsami Pour, Dr. Negar Kooroshfard, Mrs. Masoumeh Hanani,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Beetroot juice has been shown to increase endurance and high-intensity training performance. In addition, after consuming beetroot juice supplementation, the performance of periodic exercise in recreational (non-professional) athletes also improves. Therefore, we assessed the impact of a period of BR consumption on the performance of amateur trained soccer players following high-intensity intermittent exercise. The popularity of exercise nutrition is growing exponentially among athletes to boost their athletic performance. As a result, upon the improvement of contraction / relaxation, the generation of power and strength enhances the short-term intermittent running. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that is capable of improving vascular function, mitochondrial respiration, glucose homeostasis, and skeletal muscle contractions. However, the consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables (NO3-), such as lettuce, spinach, and beetroot (BR) have been identified as an alternative source and precursor of NO. The consumption of NO3- and increase of NO production decrease oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, handle calcium, and increase contractile force and production capacity in type II muscle fibers, increase time to fatigue, and improve the exercise performance. BR is rich in foods such as sugar, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid. BR is a rich source of NO3- commonly consumed because it possesses high contents of betacyanin and polyphenol and it produces more NO molecules than NO salts. The ergogenic effects of NO3-rich sources were first reported in metabolic adaptations following endurance training. Athletes in team or individual sports aim to increase performance in high-intensity interval training. High-intensity exercise results in a transition from low- to high-intensity and changes in metabolic conditions. In recent years, nitrate supplementation has been shown to have a significant effect on anaerobic exercise and high-intensity interval exercise. The effect of nitrate-rich BR juice support the improvement of the performance of high-intensity intermittent exercise in team sports; however, the length of the intake period and the time interval of nitrate-rich supplementation prior to the performance of the experiment are not completely clear. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that supplementation of BR in amateur trained soccer players could improve physiological and functional parameters. Therefore, we assessed the impact of a period of BR consumption on the performance of amateur trained soccer players following high-intensity intermittent exercise.
Methods: Forty-two male soccer players competing in the 2nd Iranian amateur league with the mean age of 20.50±0.58, weight of 67.14±2.35, body fat percent of 11.63±1.44, and body mass index of 21.34±0.48 voluntarily participated in the study. First off, all participants were informed about the nature of experimental procedures, including potential risks and benefits and then, received written informed consent. The experimental protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee of Shiraz University, Iran, according to Helsinki DeclarationGuidelines. Participants were asked not to take any sport or medical supplements, or any ergogenic aids during the 4-week experiment period. The current study was randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, and double-blind that investigated the effect of BR supplementation on high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in soccer players. High- intensity intermittent running performance was assessed by the Yo-Yo IR1 test and Wingate test in two days. All subjects ingested beetroot juice nitrate- rich (2×70 ml/day; BR) or placebo (PLA) for six-days with seven-days of wash-out between trialsParticipants arrived at the facility 2.5 h after ingesting the last bolus of the supplement (8:30 A.M.). The heart rate was continuously monitored throughout the experiment (Polar Beat, Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland). The experimental protocols were carried out at the same time in every day. Subjects were asked to arrive to the laboratory 90 min before the experiment. They were also requested to be fully hydrated, and consume their least meal at least 3 h before the initiation of the exercise test. Besides, they had to avoid strenuous exercise 36 h before the experimental trials. Before the Yo-Yo test, warm-up was performed for each participant. The Yo-Yo test was carried out on running lanes with a width of 2 m and length of 20 m. The examination consisted of repeated 2 × 20 m runs that progressively increased the speed which was controlled by the audio bleeps from an audio system. Each 20 m running was interspersed by 5 m behind the finishing line marked the running distance that is 10-s active recovery period. Immediately after the termination of the Yo-Yo test, Subjective rating of perceived exertion was carried out in accordance with the Borg's scale ranging from 6–20. Wingate test used for determine of power output and fatigue index. The heart rate and VO2max were measured continuously throughout the Yo-Yo test, and nitrate/nitrite plasma levels were collected prior and post of the six- days nitrate supplementation. Data are expressed as the means and standard deviation (mean ± SD). All statistical analyses were carried out by the SPSS software (version 19.0; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The Shapiro-Wilk test , Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The level of statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.
Results: Compared to PLA, six- days BR supplementation increased mean power (483.91±23.60 vs. 468.77±23.39, p<0.05) and low power (373.31±22.03 vs. 340.41±22.40, p<0.05) and also reduced fatigue index (37.66±5.66 vs. 45.27±7.94; p<0.05). High-intensity intermittent running performance (p= 0.034), VO2max (p= 0.043), nitrate and nitrite plasma levels (P<0.001) were significantly improved in subjects in the BR compared with the PLA.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that 6 days of beet juice supplementation can improve the aerobic and anaerobic performance of trained football players.The main finding of this study is that a 6-day period of BR supplementation led to a marked improvement in the performance of high-intensity intermittent exercise in soccer players. Such an improvement includes a decrease in the heart rate during high-intensity intermittent running tests, as well as an increase in VO2max. We investigated the impact of a 6-day period of BR supplementation on nitrate/nitrite concentrations and performance during the speed and Yo-Yo tests in soccer players. After 6 days BR supplementation, the plasma levels of nitrate/ nitrite, peak power, mean power, low power, and performance in the Yo-Yo test were significantly increased. Also, the heart rate and fatigue index were significantly decreased in the BR compared with the PLA.
Student Hadi Atarod, Dr Farshad Ghazalian, Dr Javad Mehrabani, Dr Hossein Abed Natanzi, Dr Mandana Gholami,
Volume 28, Issue 7 (10-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 7 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Athletes are always looking for a way to improve their performance(1). Caffeine is one of the most common supplements which may increase mental and physical performance and acts as an ergogenic aid especially in repeated running (2-3). It has been shown that acute caffeine supplementation may affect endothelium and vascular smooth muscles which may be due to: caffeine acts as adenosine receptors antagonist, phosphodiesterase inhibition, increase in intracellular calcium concentration, nitric oxide synthase enzyme gene expression (4). At resting individuals, caffeine consumption can increasing intracellular calcium concentration, leading to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme gene expression which stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production. Increase in NO level will ultimately cause vascular smooth muscles relaxation and vasodilation.(5-6)caffeine supplementation an hour before aerobic exercise, could reduce extracellular fluid and blood flow, despite it has showed beneficial effects for increased demand during exercise (7-10). Caffeine may increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure (11). Beetroot-juice is an antioxidant and nitric oxide source which may have anti-inflammatory effect against free radicals and beneficial effects for cardiovascular system and lead to better physical performance (12-18) nitrate consumption can produce nitric oxide from L-arginine amino acid and improve performance (19-20). Nitrate supplementation can increase nitric oxide level In in plasma and decrease blood pressure (21). Nitric oxide may regulate vasodilatory factors and vascular tone (22). Studies have suggested that nitrate supplementation may increase vasodilation in active tissues and increase vasoconstriction in inactive tissues via increasing endothelin-1 level (23), moreover, it has been suggested that Beetroot-juice supplement may decrease blood pressure and improve performance related factors (24). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute caffeine supplementation along with beetroot-juice on vasodilatory factors and physical performance in athletes.
Methods: In this study, ten high performance runners were divided into three experimental trials as high dosage,low dosage supplementation and placebo. Participants drink the supplementations with 250 ml water two times per day during seven days before 5000 meter endurance performance. Rest heart rate, blood pressure, endothelin-1, collagen-18 and nitric oxide level were measured. Participants for this study were 18-30 years old male runners with at least 2 years of running experience which were randomly divided into the following 3 groups after introduction session. At the first day of experiment, participants were present fasted for (8-10 hours) and inactivity status for at least 48 hours. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured with digital pulse meter and rosmax sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein. After 5 minutes warm up, participant started 5 km running.
Participants were randomly divided in to three supplementation groups as following:
1. 9.6 mmol Beetroot-juice and 400 mg caffeine
2. 4.8 mmol Beetroot-juice and 200 mg caffeine
3. Placebo (PLB) group
physical activity was considered as 5 km running tests. At the first day, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before the running test. Venous blood samples were collected to assess vasodilatory factors including: coll-18, ET-1, NO and nitrite. Participants start the running test after 5 minutes warmup and at the end of the test, all the measurements were repeated. At the second day, participants completed 1500 running test after 5 minutes warm up and consumed supplement. From the third day until day 6, supplementation was continued and participant were fellow up via calls. At the seventh day, heart rate and blood pressure were measured, participants consume supplements according to their group tags 60 minutes prior to their running test, and completed 5 km test after 5 minutes warm up. At day eight, participants consumed supplements and completed 1500 running test. Wash out phase was started from day 9 to 14 and participants did not consume any supplements for a week.
In this study, regression analysis with repeated measurements with generalized estimation equation approach.
Results: The results from the study showed no significant difference for endothelin-1 between the 3 groups before and after the intervention which means that Beetroot-juice combined with caffeine supplementation had no effect on serum endothelin-1 level (p=0.52).
The results from statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the groups for collagen-18 which means supplementation was not effective on collagen-18 level (p=0.87).
The results suggest that supplementation could not affect NO level significantly (p=0.97) but physical activity increased NO level by 90.58 units (p=0.001). Systolic bp was not affected by the supplementation dosage (p=0.17). supplementation did not affect systolic BP significantly (p=0.09). systolic BP was affected by physical activity and systolic BP was increased by 2.58 mmHg. Supplementation dosage did not make any significant difference in experimental groups (p=0.28). Supplementation did not have any significant change in heart rate (p=0.25), despite physical activity effect (p=0.001) there was an increase in heart rate within 1500 meter running in comparison with start moment (p=0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of caffeine and Beetroot-juice supplementation may not have beneficial effects of vasodilatory factors and physical performance in elite male runners which may be due to NO effect reduction when consumed in combination with caffeine while exercise may influence vasodilatory and performance parameters.
Mrs. Hoda Malekzadeh, Dr. Ezat Deyreh, Dr. Naser Amini, Dr. Mohammad Narimani,
Volume 28, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: The study of psychological problems of children and adolescents has always been one of the main concerns of psychologists. Meanwhile, children and adolescents with behavioral problems pose more challenges for professionals. Children with behavioral problems and disorders also pose many challenges for their parents. These children show behaviors that hurt those around them. Common childhood disorders are usually classified into two broad areas: extrinsic disorders and intrinsic disorders. Outward disorders are characterized by behaviors such as aggression, disobedience, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are more outward-looking. This category includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral disorder, and coping disobedience disorder. Introspection disorders are characterized by experiences and behaviors such as depression, social withdrawal, and anxiety that are more inward-looking. This category includes childhood anxiety and mood disorders. Disobedience disorder is one of the most common mental disorders that occurs with a prevalence of 2 to 16% in preschool or early school children and the pre-adolescent stage. Behavioral disorders in children pose challenging problems for teachers, families, and children themselves, and have raised concerns about mental health and its impact on children's development and performance. On the other hand, in the approach of modifying the pattern of parent-child interaction, special procedures are used to treat the behavioral disorders of children with confrontational disobedience; Practices such as improving parents 'selective attention skills, modifying parental commands, modifying children's play behavior, parents' use of deprivation, parenting planning and activity planning to prevent problems, especially before entering public places. In the method of modifying the pattern of parent-child interaction, the methods of communication and management of parental behavior are modified. Procedures to improve parents' selective attention skills, modify parental commands, modify children's play behavior, and evaluate will also be reviewed. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that group training to modify the pattern of parent-child interaction affects internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems, and general problems in the signs of confrontational disobedience in children?
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study in which the pre-test-post-test design was performed with the control group by baseline assessment after the intervention and 3-month follow-up with the control group. 40 mothers of primary school male students in the school year of 2019-2020 in Shiraz, they were selected from 32 male public primary schools, were assigned randomly to two groups (modification of parent-child interaction pattern as exprimental group) (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). All participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the symptoms of disobedience questionnaire on Achenbach's behavioral Inventory in three stages. Hypotheses related to the effectiveness of research interventions were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance as well as Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean of the symptoms of disobedience disorder in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but the difference between the four groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. There was evidence that the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up phase.
Conclusion: This study aimed to investigate the effect of group training on parent-child interaction pattern modification on internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems, and also on the index of general problems in children with disobedience disorder. In the present study, it was observed that the results related to the demographic characteristics of the study units, which include mothers of children with confrontational disobedience disorder, were not statistically significant in the two groups of control and intervention in terms of demographic characteristics. The features were homogeneous; therefore, according to the intervention, the two groups were compared. In the experimental group, changes were made in internalized behavioral problems, externalized problems were also better in the index of the general problem. Therefore, the results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing the symptoms of confrontational disobedience in children aged 8 to 11 years. Due to the effective effectiveness of the parent-child interaction model, this treatment can be prioritized.
Sirvan Atashak,
Volume 28, Issue 12 (3-2022)
Volume 28, Issue 12 (3-2022)
Abstract
Despite of that regular exercise training with appropriate intensity, as essential component of a healthy lifestyle, to induce a desirable and beneficial adaptation in the body, however, has demonstrated that exhaustive and strenuous exercises causes oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and structural damage to muscle cells, as well as decline in athletic performance. Therefore, there has been much effort to identify appropriate sport supplementation strategies that may help to reduce or prevent exercise-induced muscle damage and stress. So that, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the use of herbal medicines and natural supplements maybe very effective to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. Hence in the present review, in addition to study of possible mechanisms, it has provided the effects of some natural and herbal supplements in sports. For this review, all relevant information were collected using search of some keywords such as natural supplement, herbal supplement, herbal and natural supplement and exercise performance, herbal and natural supplement and muscle damage via some internal and external databases including Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, IranDoc and SID, that this information was extracted without time and geographical location limit (all time periods until 2021). The results indicated that the athletes are among those who use the herbal and natural supplement for their own benefit and it has been recognized that some herbs may help them to improve their performance, speed up recovery and reduce biomarkers of muscle damage. In conclusion, it seems that herbal and natural supplementation could exert preventive effects from exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and some of these supplements have an ergogenic aids and improve physical performance in athletes.
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