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Showing 9 results for Nursing
A Sanagoo, M Nikravesh, F Dabbaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 52 (9-2006)
Volume 13, Issue 52 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Educational systems need to have committed, concerned and enthusiastic teachers in order to reach their high aims which is educating human beings. Committed teachers feel responsibility and do their duties in the best possible way and the result would contribute to the efficacy, effectiveness and productivity of educational system. This article is a part of a larger study which aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of nursing & midwifery faculty members about organizational commitment. Methods: A qualitative approach using grounded theory was adopted. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, from a purposive sample of 34 nursing and midwifery faculty members who were subjected to question and constant comparative analysis. Results: Analysis uncovered a number of themes. Five themes of a committed faculty emerged, including doing the tasks and responsibilities, passion for the work, going to extra mileage, efficacy, and understanding the student. Conclusion: This re-conceptualization of organizational commitment and additional research in this area can assist educational managers to better understand and successfully manage their faculties. New knowledge from this and future studies can contribute and promote faculties’ organizational commitment.
H Ebrahimi, M Nikravesh, F Oskouie, F Ahmadi,
Volume 14, Issue 54 (4-2007)
Volume 14, Issue 54 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Factors such as improved medical technology, resource allocation, increasing costs, individual rights, and the changing role of a nurse can result in ethical conflicts that require the nurse’s abilities to recognize moral dilemmas and conflicts and make appropriate ethical decisions. The goal of this article is describing stress as the major reaction of nurses to the context of ethical decision making in taking care of patients. Patients & Method: The present study was conducted by using grounded theory method. The participants were 17 Iranian nurses working in medical and educational hospitals. Semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interviews were used for data gathering. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and simultaneously and coded according to Strauss and Corbin method (open, axial and selective coding). Results: Job stress and moral distress were identified as the major reaction of nurses to the context of ethical decision making. The participants believed that decision making context consisting of individual and job characteristics, patient and patient's family features, physician’s traits, and structural and management conditions plays an important role in nurses' stress and their inability to respond morally to patient and patient's family needs and optimal caring for patients. Conclusion: Because of the negative effects of stress on physical and mental health of nurses, it is necessary that they consider the context in their own decisions. Also, the agents who are involved in structural conditions and nursing management should attempt to reform and improve the circumstances so that nurses can make better decisions without stress or moral distress.
Madineh Jasemi, Soheila I Ahangarzadeh Rezae, Masoomeh Hemmati, Nasim Madadipoor, Rozita Cheraghi,
Volume 25, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Volume 25, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Nursing student's skills evaluation plays a vital role in their professional education, but unfortunately; the quality of many evaluation methods is less than optimal. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of evaluation by using Direct Observation of Clinical Skills (DOPS) and traditional methods on nursing students' clinical skills in 2016.
Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 108 senior nursing students were selected and then randomly assigned into two groups of case and control. In the case group was evaluated the skills related to dressing, intra-vein catheterization and suction by DOPS method and in the control group these skills was evaluated by traditional method. Finally, the skills in the two groups were checked by checklist and data were analyzed by using SPSS16 software, descriptive and inferential statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA.
Results: Independent T-test showed a significant difference in the mean score of dressing, intra-vein catheterization and suction skills between case and control groups (p<0.001). Also the results showed a significant increase in those skills in the third stage of assessment in the case group, which showed a statistically significant in ANOVA (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding the improvement of clinical skills in case group's students, it is suggested that the DOPS evaluation method as a high-performance, objective, validated method is used for assessing clinical skills and evaluating the learning of nursing students as well as accepting responsibility professionals in medical sciences.
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi, Mohammadreza Hosseini,
Volume 25, Issue 11 (2-2019)
Volume 25, Issue 11 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: The study of shoulder pathologies as one of the most common orthopedic injuries due to the lack of sensitivity of clinical findings is one of the topics discussed in radiology papers. Traditionally, MRI is a selective diagnostic modality of choice. However, due to its limitations, such as high cost and unavailability, simple and cheaper methods seems to be valuable. Sonography can be a good alternative in this field that examines soft tissue pathologies. This study evaluated the magnitude of ultrasound and MRI matching in cases of partial and complete tear of cuff muscles and accompanying findings such as subacromial bursal effusion and degenerative changes of shoulder joint.
Methods: In this study 85 patients who referred to the radiology department of Hazrat-e-Rasool Akram Hospital were asked for simultaneous sonographic examination of the shoulder. The degree of ultrasound and MRI correlation in localizing the tear as well as the severity of tear based on complete or partial was evaluated for each rotator cuff muscle individually. Also the degree of subacromial bursa effusion and acromioclavicular join hypertrophy were also compared.
Results: A total of 85 patients (30 males and 55 females) with different injuries in supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and long head of biceps tendon, sonography was in acceptable agreement with the findings of MRI in the diagnosis of complete and partial tear and in determining their location. However, the tendency of tendon retraction is less than predicted by MRI.
Conclusion: Shoulder ultrasound can be used as an alternative modality to MRI, especially in cases where it is not available, to examine the rupture of cuff tendons, as well as the extent and severity of subacromial bursa effusion and acromioclavicular joint hypertrophy.
Hora Behzadi Saroukolayi, Fatemeh Alaee Karahroudy,
Volume 26, Issue 12 (2-2020)
Volume 26, Issue 12 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Cancer accounts for 9% of all deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the most important cancer treatments that are nauseating to varying levels. Studies have shown that although anti-nausea and vomiting medications reduce nausea and vomiting, they do not completely eliminate them, so using complementary therapies with medication to reduce nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy is recommended. Reflective massage is one of the long-standing alternative therapies.
Methods: Initially, demographic questionnaire was used to obtain the baseline information. Next, the modified Rhodes standard questionnaire for children was given to respond them. The intensity of nausea and vomiting was measured before chemotherapy and then in the control group only the usual anti-nausea and vomiting drugs were used. In the intervention group, in addition to the treatment with standard anti-nausea and vomiting drugs, half an hour before chemotherapy and up to five days subsequently, reflexology massage was performed every morning. After the fifth day, the intensity of nausea and vomiting was assessed in both groups.
Results: The results of comparing the situation of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy-induced in the school-aged cancer patients treated with standard anti-nausea and vomiting drugs in the intervention and control groups showed that the mean and standard deviation of nausea in the control group was and in the intervention group 4.333±1.917, 1.866±1.332, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of vomiting in control group was 5.5338±1.801 and in intervention group was 2.6261±1.257. Mean and standard deviation of vomiting in control group was 5.200±1.919. There was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups (P = 0.042)
Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that in both intervention and control groups, before intervention, the highest frequency, intensity and duration of vomiting and nausea were observed. After reflexology massage, the nausea and vomiting status was significantly reduced in intervention group.
Akbar Ghalavand, Mojtaba Delaramnasab, Sepideh Ghanaati, Maryam Abdolahi Gazari,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Volume 28, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and progressive, chronic metabolic disease in the world and hyperglycemia, is the main characteristic of this disease. Overweight and obesity are effective factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, which are closely related to hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. In these patients, due to hyperglycemia and inflammation, causing pathological injuries in cardiovascular system such as vascular macro and micro vascular disease, arterial stiffness, hypertension, Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and changes in cardiac function such as tachycardia at rest, and decreased functional capacity such as cardio respiratory endurance. Poor management of diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular factors disease and increases morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The need to use effective methods to glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the effective factors in Shows the disabilities associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the use of effective methods in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the effective factors in disabilities associated with type 2 diabetes is essential. Nursing is one of the ways of intervention in the field of communication technologies such as the telephone and messaging software, which as a telenursing, can lead to better communication between type 2 diabetes patients and medical team to get the knowledge and health services. Scientific research has also shown that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and exercise training has been introduced as one of the main parts of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Due to the fact that no specific research has been done to compare the effect of regular aerobic training and telenursing intervention on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to compare the effect of telenursing and aerobic training on glycemic control. Blood pressure, body composition, resting heart rate and cardiorespiratory endurance (vo2max) were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected through targeted sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): 1) aerobic training group, 2) telenursing group and 3) control group. After baseline measurements (pretest), intervention study was conducted for eight weeks and 48 hours after the end of treatment variables were measured again (posttest). The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of aerobic training, three sessions per week consist of 30 to 50 minutes running exercises by intensity of 50-70% of the subjects' heart rate reserve in each session. In the telenursing group, Educational Intervention Based on treatment of diabetes, including diet, exercise training, how to use the drug and how to use a glucometer and barometer and glycemic and blood pressure monitoring, were provided to patients through a software. During the study, the control group received no intervention other than their routine management. Body weight, body fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before and after intervention. For statistical analysis, dependent t-test was used to examine within-group changes and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to examine between-group changes. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version and P < 0.050 was considered as statistically significant level.
Results: After eight weeks aerobic training intervention, a significant decrease was observed in levels of body weight (P = 0.023), body fat percentage (P < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (P = 0.003), HbA1C (P = 0.009), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.039) and resting heart rate (= 0.004) P) and a significant increase in VO2max (P <0.001). Also in the telenursing intervention group, was observed a significant decrease in levels of body weight (P = 0.048), fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), HbA1C (P = 0.012), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.007), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.045). But in the control group, no significant difference was observed in any of the variables (p <0.05). In the study of between group changes, the results showed that in the both of aerobic training and telenursing groups, there was a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001) and HbA1C (P <0.001; P = 0.005, respectively) compared to the control group was observed. There was a significant decrease in body fat percentage and resting heart rate and a significant increase in VO2max in the aerobic training group compared to the telenursing and control groups (P <0.001). Significant decrease was observed in systolic blood pressure levels in the aerobic taining group (P <0.001) and telenursing group (P = 0.018) compared to the control group, Also reduction of systolic blood pressure in the aerobic training was significantly greater compared to the telenursing group (P <0.001).But no significant difference was observed in changes in weight (P = 0.083) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.617) between groups.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that both intervention methods of aerobic training and telenursing are effective intervention methods on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study of two intervention methods on glycemic control (fasting blood sugar and HbA1C), there was no significant difference was observed between the two intervention methods of aerobic training and telenursing, and both interventions were effective for glycemic control. Comparing the two methods of intervention on body composition, only aerobic training could reduce body fat percentage and improve body composition in type 2 diabetes patients. In the study of changes in blood pressure, two intervention methods reduced systolic blood pressure without significant change in diastolic blood pressure and the reduction of systolic blood pressure in the aerobic training group was significantly greater than the telenursing group. Comparing the effect of interventions on resting heart rate and VO2max as two variables related to cardiorespiratory function, the results were similar to changes in body fat percentage in the aerobic training group and a significant increase in VO2max and a significant decrease in resting heart rate were observed in type 2 diabetes patients. In general, although both methods of intervention have an effective role in the management of type 2 diabetes, especially glycemic control in these people, However, due to the results and greater effectiveness of aerobic training on body composition and cardiovascular function (systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and VO2max), More care to exercise training as an important port of the treatment of type 2 diabetes is essential.
Shaghayegh Eynaki, Abbas Sadeghi,
Volume 30, Issue 5 (8-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 5 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: The concern about the quality of life of the elderly living in resident at home and nursing homes has been one of the controversial issues. Some studies believe that if the mental health of the elderly is provided and a suitable atmosphere is created in the nursing homes, better health care and treatment can be provided to the elderly and their life expectancy can be increased; But on the other hand, some studies believe that caring for the elderly at home and with other family members can have an effective role on their psychological health; so that the results of some studies indicate that this group of elderly people have a higher life expectancy; But on the other hand, it can threaten their physical health and make them prone to other chronic diseases and malnutrition. Admission to a nursing home evokes emotional consequences, including feelings of rejection, psychological tension, depression, instability, loss of home and the chance to contact family and friends. Research shows that the living environment of the elderly plays a very important role in their psychological health. It has been shown in various researches that the level of quality of life and mental health, happiness and social health in the elderly living in nursing homes is lower than that of the elderly living at home; Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between living in a nursing home and the psychological state of the elderly, but it cannot be said with certainty that the low mental health of the elderly indicates living in a nursing home; Because some studies have shown that the diseases and disabilities of elderly people living in nursing homes are more than other elderly people, and disabilities lead them to care centers; Maybe this factor also has an effective role in reducing their mental health. Based on this, the implementation of a comparative study in the elderly with high performance and control of physical disabilities will clarify the role of living in a nursing home in the state of mental health of the elderly, which is addressed in the present study. Also, some studies indicate that the stay of the elderly in the nursing home is associated with the feeling of exclusion and their feeling of loneliness plays an effective role. Also, the research showed that the elderly living in the nursing home experienced a feeling of insecurity and rejection and described their transition from home to the nursing home as painful; In other words, living in a nursing home can have an effective role in reducing the mental health of the elderly. Elderly people who have a high level of rejection feel that they are of no use to themselves and those around them and cannot be effective; Also, the results of this study showed that the feeling of rejection, due to its high relationship with social incompetence, has an effective role in increasing depression symptoms in these elderly people; Based on this, it can be concluded that living in a nursing home, rejection and depression are closely related. In this regard, the results of some studies show that the elderly living in nursing homes have far more symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress and report less satisfaction with life. Nowadays, due to the increase in the number of elderly people and the shrinking of families, caring for the elderly is a very important issue, and detailed and comprehensive programs for the care of this sensitive age group should be provided by conducting field research and formulating detailed care policies. Compared to younger people, older people with depression usually have multiple co-occurring medical and cognitive disorders, and depression that occurs in older patients is often underdiagnosed or undertreated. Also, previous studies have shown that inactivity and disability are factors affecting the feeling of exclusion of the elderly; which, if accompanied by family rejection, can lead to an increase in psychological distress in the elderly. Considering the importance of this topic, the present study compared the perception of rejection and depression symptoms in elderly people living in nursing homes and resident at home.
Methods: The current research was descriptive and based on causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of elderly people in Rasht city in 2020 who were living in nursing homes or living with their families. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software. From each group, 120 elderly people participated in a targeted manner and answered the Perceived Rejection Scale: PRS and the Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS-15. For both groups, the age gap is between 65 and 90 years, having minimum physical health to communicate and answer the questions of the questionnaire, not suffering from cognitive impairment diseases such as (Alzheimer, stroke and dementia), not being engaged in economic activity. And retirement from governmental and non-governmental institutions and having informed consent and willingness to participate in the research were considered as entry criteria. Also, failure to answer at least 10% of the questionnaire questions, fatigue and unwillingness to complete the questionnaire were considered as exit criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 statistical software and multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the perception of rejection (F = 14.25, P = 0.001) and depressive syndrome (F = 17.280, P = 0.001) in the elderly living in nursing homes were significantly higher than the elderly were in the control group (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the perception of rejection and depression symptoms in elderly people living in nursing homes is more than that of elderly people living at home; But this difference cannot be attributed to the presence of the elderly in the nursing home. But in general, it can be concluded that elderly people living in nursing homes are more in need of appropriate interventions and educational programs to reduce the feeling of rejection and depression symptoms than the elderly people living at home. Therefore, it is suggested to provide educational and therapeutic programs to improve the psychological condition of these elderly people.
Methods: The current research was descriptive and based on causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of elderly people in Rasht city in 2020 who were living in nursing homes or living with their families. The sample size was calculated using G*Power software. From each group, 120 elderly people participated in a targeted manner and answered the Perceived Rejection Scale: PRS and the Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS-15. For both groups, the age gap is between 65 and 90 years, having minimum physical health to communicate and answer the questions of the questionnaire, not suffering from cognitive impairment diseases such as (Alzheimer, stroke and dementia), not being engaged in economic activity. And retirement from governmental and non-governmental institutions and having informed consent and willingness to participate in the research were considered as entry criteria. Also, failure to answer at least 10% of the questionnaire questions, fatigue and unwillingness to complete the questionnaire were considered as exit criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 statistical software and multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the perception of rejection (F = 14.25, P = 0.001) and depressive syndrome (F = 17.280, P = 0.001) in the elderly living in nursing homes were significantly higher than the elderly were in the control group (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the perception of rejection and depression symptoms in elderly people living in nursing homes is more than that of elderly people living at home; But this difference cannot be attributed to the presence of the elderly in the nursing home. But in general, it can be concluded that elderly people living in nursing homes are more in need of appropriate interventions and educational programs to reduce the feeling of rejection and depression symptoms than the elderly people living at home. Therefore, it is suggested to provide educational and therapeutic programs to improve the psychological condition of these elderly people.
Seyed Ebrahim Managheb, Mozhgan Amirianzadeh, Moslem Salehi, Reza Zarei,
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: One of the most important signs of commitment to community health is the field of nursing education, in which effective communication is a serious issue. Medical sciences in prestigious universities attract considerable attention to effective communication. Good education and scientific research in nursing schools are needed to train a successful medicine ethically. For this purpose, education for medical students plays an important role. For instance, multimedia education significantly improves the listening skills of English learners. Moreover, studies showed that attitudes toward using multimedia education had a significant effect on explaining changes in learners' listening skills. They recommended that multimedia education be merged with English language instruction as a part of the listening skills training course (1). The hypothesis of the effect of a teacher-student method according to multimedia education on students' academic achievement was confirmed (2). Furthermore, good communication skills are an essential component of nursing education. In teaching communication skills, methods such as lectures and seminars are less effective than experimental ones with feedback(3). Results of this study, similar to other research, indicated the positive role of multimedia use in the development of social skills of deaf female students (4). It also demonstrated that the multimedia method had a more lasting effect than lecturing. Thus, it is believed that this method will be implemented more widely in universities in addition to education(5). Today, injuries and complications, as well as deaths due to medical errors, are one of the problems in this area (6). Discussion in small groups is considered the most effective way to provide ethics education for medical students (8). Undoubtedly, being a good doctor is more than just knowing the standards of professional competence. In other words, there is a difference between doing a job and understanding and doing it. So, what a doctor does matters (10). As education has a positive effect on promoting oral health behavior, its type also plays a key role. In this regard, the multimedia teaching method was more effective than the lecture method in all stages (21). Employing multimedia training programs has increased the knowledge and practice of nurses about safe injection, which is one of their serious tasks. Therefore, utilizing this method is recommended to improve their clinical performance (22).
Methods: This study was quasi-experimentally, and its samples were selected by stratified random sampling method among nursing students who had taken professional ethics courses. Two classes were considered experimental, and the other two were as evidence. Students in both groups completed a researcher-made effective communication questionnaire before and after the training. All of them were in one faculty and ethics course. They also were professionals and in the clinical training phase. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was related to individual questions and demographic information of the samples. The second part was questions designed based on the research objectives, which included 24 items. The questionnaire was according to the opinions of 15 professors and experts to check its validity. After the necessary editing, the final questionnaire was provided.
Results: According to Table 2, it can be said that the average pre-test scores and the standard deviation in the experimental group that received multimedia training are 70.71 and 6.27, respectively. For the control group, these values are 71.22 and 4.74, respectively. According to the mean values in the control and experimental groups and based on the value of t obtained in the degree of freedom 97, there is no significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the pre-test. Considering results and homogeneity of variances in experimental and control groups and comparing the means in them, we found no significant difference. Furthermore, Table 4 displays that the average post-test score and the standard deviation in the experimental group are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively, at the end of the course. Also, these values are 71.88 and 8.26, respectively, for the control group. Consequently, taking into account that the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than that of the control group and based on the obtained t - 2.09 in the degree of freedom 97, there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.03 in the two post-test scores of both groups. Similarly, Table 5 demonstrates that the mean of pre-test scores and the standard deviation are 70.71 and 6.27, respectively, in the experimental group. These values are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively, at the post-test for the control group. Therefore, as the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than that of the control group and taking the obtained t -0.93 in the degree of freedom of 63 into account, it is evident that there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.01 between the two pre-and post-test scores.
In addition, the average post-test scores and the standard deviation in the experimental group at the end of the course are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively. These values are 71.88 and 8.26, respectively, for the control group. As a result, since the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than the mean of the control group and considering the t obtained 2.09 in the degree of freedom 97, we can say that there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.05 between the two post-test scores in the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Effective communication of nursing students is one of the essential pillars of the basic training of nurses. Thus, it deserves considerable attention. In this study, findings demonstrated that teaching nursing courses with a multimedia teaching method compared to the old one, the lecture method, exerts a greater influence on effective communication among nursing students. Consequently, it is suggested that medical science training centers use the multimedia method to improve their performance.
Methods: This study was quasi-experimentally, and its samples were selected by stratified random sampling method among nursing students who had taken professional ethics courses. Two classes were considered experimental, and the other two were as evidence. Students in both groups completed a researcher-made effective communication questionnaire before and after the training. All of them were in one faculty and ethics course. They also were professionals and in the clinical training phase. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was related to individual questions and demographic information of the samples. The second part was questions designed based on the research objectives, which included 24 items. The questionnaire was according to the opinions of 15 professors and experts to check its validity. After the necessary editing, the final questionnaire was provided.
Results: According to Table 2, it can be said that the average pre-test scores and the standard deviation in the experimental group that received multimedia training are 70.71 and 6.27, respectively. For the control group, these values are 71.22 and 4.74, respectively. According to the mean values in the control and experimental groups and based on the value of t obtained in the degree of freedom 97, there is no significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the pre-test. Considering results and homogeneity of variances in experimental and control groups and comparing the means in them, we found no significant difference. Furthermore, Table 4 displays that the average post-test score and the standard deviation in the experimental group are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively, at the end of the course. Also, these values are 71.88 and 8.26, respectively, for the control group. Consequently, taking into account that the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than that of the control group and based on the obtained t - 2.09 in the degree of freedom 97, there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.03 in the two post-test scores of both groups. Similarly, Table 5 demonstrates that the mean of pre-test scores and the standard deviation are 70.71 and 6.27, respectively, in the experimental group. These values are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively, at the post-test for the control group. Therefore, as the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than that of the control group and taking the obtained t -0.93 in the degree of freedom of 63 into account, it is evident that there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.01 between the two pre-and post-test scores.
In addition, the average post-test scores and the standard deviation in the experimental group at the end of the course are 75.39 and 8.74, respectively. These values are 71.88 and 8.26, respectively, for the control group. As a result, since the mean of the post-test in the experimental group is higher than the mean of the control group and considering the t obtained 2.09 in the degree of freedom 97, we can say that there is a significant difference at the level of p <0.05 between the two post-test scores in the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Effective communication of nursing students is one of the essential pillars of the basic training of nurses. Thus, it deserves considerable attention. In this study, findings demonstrated that teaching nursing courses with a multimedia teaching method compared to the old one, the lecture method, exerts a greater influence on effective communication among nursing students. Consequently, it is suggested that medical science training centers use the multimedia method to improve their performance.
Marzieh Gharib, Nasrala Ghashghaeizadeh, Frank Omidian,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Bakcground & Aims: Professional ethics is a rational thinking process and a set of ethical actions and reactions accepted by organizations to provide the most favorable social relations. Professional ethics deals with ethical issues and questions as well as ethical principles and values of a professional system and today it is considered as a competitive advantage in the organization (1). Being professional in nursing means doing things in the best possible way and making a commitment and promise to the society for quality care. Professional ethics in nursing is related to patients, colleagues and other professionals and society and guides ethical behavior to provide security and humanitarian aid. Professional ethics is an important concept that integrates critical thinking and ethics of nurses and is necessary to provide competent care in this profession (2). Nursing ethics is one of the most important components of protecting high quality standards in the nursing profession, which affect the personal principles and behavioral standards of people and provide the possibility of creating an ethical framework; (3). Therefore, ethical practice is an essential part of good nursing, and having moral perception, sensitivity, and moral imagination is necessary to deal with ethical practice, and although compliance with professional ethics is necessary in all jobs, it is more necessary in the nursing profession. Based on this, the aim of this research is to design a structural-interpretive model of nurses' professional ethics.
Methods: The present research is a field research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method of data collection. With regard to the main goal, the research method was the qualitative method (foundational data theory). The statistical population in this research includes experts in the field of professional ethics and nursing. Using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation technique, key Informers (including 15 experts in the field of professional ethics and nursing) have been selected to design the professional ethics model of nurses, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with them and The components and factors affecting the professional ethics of nurses were identified. (MicMac) and (Excel) software were used for data analysis.
Results: According to the findings of the research, moral intelligence and spiritual values, culture, management style and education are the most important factors affecting the professional ethics of nursing. Also, based on the interpretive structural model of research, moral intelligence and spiritual values in the fifth level of this model, increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the fourth level, policies and improving education in the third level, optimizing culture and management skills in the second level and promoting health. The community is placed at the first level of the output of the interpretive structural model software.
Conclusion: Professional ethics in the organization increases the productivity of human resources and improves the health of the organization, and effectiveness and efficiency are its most important achievements in the organization (12). The two components of moral intelligence and adherence to spiritual values are the most important foundations of professional ethics, which fortunately can be improved through proper training. In the field of nursing, when the curriculum adequately deals with ethics, it provides tools for nurses to help them think and act according to what is required of good nursing (13). In Iran, professional ethics, especially in the field of health and treatment, are not observed as it is appropriate for our society and Islamic culture. The existence of a limited number of nursing professional ethics units in university courses of this field cannot be very effective, and after that, nurses are deprived of in-service training in the field of nursing professional ethics due to various reasons, including the indifference of some managers. According to the available evidence, what the nurse knows, faces many organizational obstacles to be implemented. Limitations such as: high workload, low number of personnel, rotating work shifts (and its harmful consequences for nurses' health), lack of facilities and lack of proper information (for example, training and information about ethical codes) are some of the challenges. They are in front of the nurses. If we enter the category of professional ethics with a management approach, we must acknowledge that managers at different levels of the ministry, general offices, regions, etc. play an unparalleled role in the formation of professional ethics. They directly affect the variables of professional ethics by making sound decisions, creating optimal human relations, appropriate management styles, motivating through incentives and rewards, support, supervision and evaluation. In the cultural aspect, the level of society's expectations and the health beliefs that govern it, the existing views towards the nursing profession and the nursing class, are among the categories that affect the quality of work and professional ethics of nurses. In this regard, various media can be the basis for creating cultural competence through the publication of correct health beliefs and the creation of health literacy in the society and explaining the valuable position of nurses. In the organizational dimension, the more spiritual values prevail, the more morally inclined people make better moral decisions when exposed to spiritual experiences. This culture helps employees to distance themselves from the pressures and daily tasks, recover internal motivation (such as social motivation) and develop their ethical ideas and practices and thus their creativity (14). Professional ethics can affect performance by better regulating relationships, reducing differences and conflicts, and increasing the atmosphere of understanding and cooperation, as well as reducing costs caused by control, and it increases the efficiency and productivity of the organization, and if organizations With measures such as moral intelligence workshops and spiritual and personal development of people, in order to empower the professional ethics of their employees, they have taken an effective step towards realizing their efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore The development of nurses' professional ethics requires the simultaneous use of several Intra-organizational flows and Extra-organizational. Things such as training, creating legal frameworks for attracting and hiring sufficient and qualified personnel, forming ethics committees and working groups, and benefiting from humanistic and ethical management styles provide the necessary motivation and stimulus to move towards this Important.
Methods: The present research is a field research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method of data collection. With regard to the main goal, the research method was the qualitative method (foundational data theory). The statistical population in this research includes experts in the field of professional ethics and nursing. Using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation technique, key Informers (including 15 experts in the field of professional ethics and nursing) have been selected to design the professional ethics model of nurses, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with them and The components and factors affecting the professional ethics of nurses were identified. (MicMac) and (Excel) software were used for data analysis.
Results: According to the findings of the research, moral intelligence and spiritual values, culture, management style and education are the most important factors affecting the professional ethics of nursing. Also, based on the interpretive structural model of research, moral intelligence and spiritual values in the fifth level of this model, increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the fourth level, policies and improving education in the third level, optimizing culture and management skills in the second level and promoting health. The community is placed at the first level of the output of the interpretive structural model software.
Conclusion: Professional ethics in the organization increases the productivity of human resources and improves the health of the organization, and effectiveness and efficiency are its most important achievements in the organization (12). The two components of moral intelligence and adherence to spiritual values are the most important foundations of professional ethics, which fortunately can be improved through proper training. In the field of nursing, when the curriculum adequately deals with ethics, it provides tools for nurses to help them think and act according to what is required of good nursing (13). In Iran, professional ethics, especially in the field of health and treatment, are not observed as it is appropriate for our society and Islamic culture. The existence of a limited number of nursing professional ethics units in university courses of this field cannot be very effective, and after that, nurses are deprived of in-service training in the field of nursing professional ethics due to various reasons, including the indifference of some managers. According to the available evidence, what the nurse knows, faces many organizational obstacles to be implemented. Limitations such as: high workload, low number of personnel, rotating work shifts (and its harmful consequences for nurses' health), lack of facilities and lack of proper information (for example, training and information about ethical codes) are some of the challenges. They are in front of the nurses. If we enter the category of professional ethics with a management approach, we must acknowledge that managers at different levels of the ministry, general offices, regions, etc. play an unparalleled role in the formation of professional ethics. They directly affect the variables of professional ethics by making sound decisions, creating optimal human relations, appropriate management styles, motivating through incentives and rewards, support, supervision and evaluation. In the cultural aspect, the level of society's expectations and the health beliefs that govern it, the existing views towards the nursing profession and the nursing class, are among the categories that affect the quality of work and professional ethics of nurses. In this regard, various media can be the basis for creating cultural competence through the publication of correct health beliefs and the creation of health literacy in the society and explaining the valuable position of nurses. In the organizational dimension, the more spiritual values prevail, the more morally inclined people make better moral decisions when exposed to spiritual experiences. This culture helps employees to distance themselves from the pressures and daily tasks, recover internal motivation (such as social motivation) and develop their ethical ideas and practices and thus their creativity (14). Professional ethics can affect performance by better regulating relationships, reducing differences and conflicts, and increasing the atmosphere of understanding and cooperation, as well as reducing costs caused by control, and it increases the efficiency and productivity of the organization, and if organizations With measures such as moral intelligence workshops and spiritual and personal development of people, in order to empower the professional ethics of their employees, they have taken an effective step towards realizing their efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore The development of nurses' professional ethics requires the simultaneous use of several Intra-organizational flows and Extra-organizational. Things such as training, creating legal frameworks for attracting and hiring sufficient and qualified personnel, forming ethics committees and working groups, and benefiting from humanistic and ethical management styles provide the necessary motivation and stimulus to move towards this Important.
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