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Showing 3 results for Meta-Diagnostic Treatment
Anahita Panahi, Ahmad Ghazanfari, Tayebe Sharifi, Reza Ahmadi,
Volume 29, Issue 8 (11-2022)
Volume 29, Issue 8 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Intimacy is one of the most basic elements in a couple's relationship. Intimacy is a dynamic concept in human relationships, especially in marital relationships, which means openness and non-inhibition in relationships and the closeness of two or more people in various emotional, logical and functional dimensions. Couples who experience a higher degree of intimacy, apart from socioeconomic status, report significantly fewer adjustment problems in their marital relationship (1).
Given the importance of intimacy, identifying effective intervention and educational approaches to increase couple intimacy to improve couple relationships will be very useful. One of these approaches is motivational interviewing, which is a combination of principles and techniques derived from a very wide range of models of psychotherapy and behavior change (4).
In addition, given that many marital problems have emotional roots, the recent approach to meta-diagnostic treatment to resolve couples' problems has come into focus; Because this treatment emphasizes emotions and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, emotional experience and response to emotion is the main basis in the meta-diagnostic approach (12). But it is not clear which intervention is more effective. On the other hand, it is not clear whether these interventions affect intimacy or not, and which intervention is more effective is also in a state of ambiguity.
Methods: In order to conduct applied and quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design, from couples referring to counseling centers in Shahrekord in 1399-1400 (1250 couples), by purposive sampling method and provided entry conditions For the study (with at least a third grade of middle school, age range 25 to 45 years, no disabling physical or mental illness) 60 couples were selected and randomly divided into three groups of motivational interview, meta-diagnostic treatment and witness. Before, immediately after and 45-day follow-up, the subjects completed the Wonden Brook and Bertman (1995) intimacy questionnaire, and the experimental groups each received 8 sessions of 90-minute intervention.
Finally, from descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Kalmogorov-Smirnov tests, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc using SPSS software version 25 at a significance level of 0.05 for statistical analysis of data used.
Results: The results showed that the meta-diagnostic therapy group and motivational interviewing could lead to a change in the mean scores of the couple's intimacy (intimacy, agreement, honesty, love and commitment) in the post-test and follow-up stages. In order to be effective, the meta-diagnostic therapy and motivational interview therapy group was able to increase the mean scores of the couple's intimacy (intimacy, agreement, honesty, interest and love and commitment) in the post-test and follow-up stages. On the other hand, it was found that there were no significant changes between the pre-test scores.
The results showed that the mean scores of the couple's intimacy variable, regardless of the effect of grouping, changed significantly during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is a significant difference compared to the pre-test (p = 0.001). On the other hand, it was found that the variable of grouping (post-diagnostic treatment group therapy) regardless of stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) had a significant effect on the intimacy variable of couples. This means that meta-diagnostic treatment was a significant effect compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Finally, the results indicate that meta-diagnostic treatment with the interaction of stages also had a significant effect on the test stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) of the couple intimacy variable (p = 0.001).
The results of post hoc test (Table 3) show that the difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test is significant by following the variable of couple intimacy. However, there is no significant difference between the mean of the post-test and the follow-up of this variable. This means that the mean scores of couples intimacy in the follow-up phase did not change significantly compared to the post-test, but due to the lack of follow-up scores compared to the post-test and a significant change in follow-up scores compared to the pre-test shows that the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic treatment on intimacy over time Preserved.
On the other hand, it was found that the difference between the mean scores of intimate couples in the experimental group of meta-diagnostic therapy and the experimental group of motivational interviews was not significant and this finding means that the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic treatment and motivational interviews on the intimacy of couples was not significant. However, the difference between the experimental groups (meta-diagnostic therapy and motivational interview) with the control group was significant. In a summary, it can be stated as follows: Transdiagnostic treatment intervention and motivational interview have a significant effect on the level of intimacy of couples; However, the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic treatment and motivational interviewing on the level of intimacy of couples are not significantly different (Table 4).
Conclusion: In explaining the effectiveness of motivational interview on couples intimacy, it should be noted that the therapist's goal in motivational interview is to create a safe environment to express problems and then, strengthen the desire to change to improve relationships in the client, which leads to increased intrinsic motivation. . Since intimacy is a feature that is not a fixed feature and changes when the couple is faced with stressful situations. Therefore, motivational interviewing, by increasing the couple's inner motivation to maintain intimacy in difficult life situations, causes the couple to communicate with each other emotionally (increase interest), then plan with interest to improve their relationship (reduce boredom) and from this Satisfy and enjoy your action (increase intimacy) (9).
In explaining this finding, it may be pointed out that couples are more likely to not be able to use positive emotions effectively in times of conflict, and on the contrary, they have a lot of negative emotions, which causes other problems such as negative perception. Concerns about their relationship with their spouse and improper marital functioning become a reason for their intimacy to be disrupted. However, emotional awareness training in meta-diagnostic therapy makes them aware of the existence of negative emotions and their negative impact on themselves, or try to recover emotions in different situations to keep the emotion healthy, and thus, the rate of marital problems is reduced and in The result is marital intimacy (14).
Anahita Panahi, Ahmad Ghazanfari, Tayebeh Sharifi, Reza Ahmadi,
Volume 29, Issue 11 (1-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 11 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Incompatibility is opposite to compatibility, and when compatibility between couples decreases, incompatibility gradually takes its place. It can almost be said that all couples experience this type of incompatibility more or less; But sometimes the amount and intensity of incompatibility reaches such a point that couples cannot tolerate each other and this incompatibility may lead to violence, divorce and separation (3). Considering the importance of the topic, it will be very beneficial to identify effective intervention and educational approaches in order to increase marital compatibility in order to improve couples' relationships. In motivational interviewing, the goal is to guide the client to discover the discrepancy between his expectations from different aspects of his life and his current behaviors. As a result, evaluating and resolving ambivalence and inconsistency is one of the main goals of motivational interviewing (4). Considering the above contents and the effect of compatibility in married life on the one hand and the effect of meta-diagnostic treatment and motivational interview on the other hand on different aspects of married life and since by reviewing the research done inside and outside the country, a research on the topic in question not found. The researchers are trying to answer these questions, whether there is a difference between the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and meta-diagnostic therapy on the marital adjustment of couples referring to counseling centers in Shahrekord city. Which method is more effective?
Methods: To conduct the current semi-experimental research, which was pre-test-post-test-follow-up and control group. Out of all the couples referring to counseling centers in Shahrekord city in 2014-2016, 1250 couples based on the criteria for entering the research and based on this to determine the sample size based on the sources related to the research methodology (10), 20 couples were assigned to the experimental group of motivational interviewing. 20 couples were assigned to the extradiagnostic treatment test group and 20 couples to the control group. Then the subjects completed the Locke-Wallace compatibility test in 1959 in the pre-test. In the following, the intervention test groups received one 90-minute session per week for two months at the counseling center of Nasim Aramesh in Shahrekord. In order to implement the training package of motivational interviewing, it is extracted from the motivational group book based on the curriculum and it is performed on the group in eight sessions, one session per week and each session lasts 90 minutes. Also, meta-diagnostic therapy is also implemented in eight 90-minute training sessions, one session a week and during two months in the form of groups with twenty couples (Tables 1 and 2) (9,10). Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and statistical tests of analysis of variance with repeated measurements, multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc analysis were used using SPSS version 25 software to analyze the research data.
Results: The results showed that in the marital adjustment variable, the average difference between the research groups (motivational interview group, meta-diagnostic treatment and control group) in the pre-test stage is not significant (Table 3). Another finding showed that the average scores of the variable of marital adjustment of couples, apart from the effect of grouping, were affected by a significant change during the post-test and follow-up stages, which has a significant difference with the pre-test. On the other hand, it was found that the grouping variable (extradiagnostic treatment group) has a significant effect on the marital adjustment variable regardless of the stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up). This issue shows the significant effect of meta-diagnostic treatment group therapy compared to control group 1. Also, the results showed that the variable interaction of stages and grouping explain 12% of the changes in marital adjustment (Table 4). It was also found that the difference between the average scores of the pre-test and the post-test is significant with the follow-up of the marital adjustment variable. This is despite the fact that there is no significant difference between the mean of the post-test and the follow-up of this variable. This means that the mean scores of marital adjustment in the follow-up phase have not changed significantly compared to the post-test, but due to the lack of decrease in the follow-up scores compared to the post-test and the significant change in the follow-up scores compared to the pre-test, it shows that the effectiveness of the group therapy of extra-diagnostic treatment on marital adjustment during Time is maintained (Table 5). Finally, the results of the follow-up test showed that the difference between the average marital adjustment scores of the meta-diagnostic treatment test group and the motivational interview test group was not significant, and this finding means that the effectiveness of the meta-diagnostic novel and motivational interview on the level of marital adjustment did not have a significant difference; But the difference between the experimental groups (metadiagnostic therapy and motivational interview) and the control group was significant. In a summary, it can be stated as follows: meta-diagnostic treatment intervention and motivational interviewing have a significant effect on marital compatibility; However, the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic treatment and motivational interviewing on marital adjustment are not significantly different (Table 7).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that motivational interviewing has a significant effect on improving marital adjustment, and the results obtained are stable in the follow-up phase; which is consistent with the results of other researchers (11).
In the explanation above, it can be said that motivational interviewing follows client-centered therapeutic principles in which empathic and supportive counseling styles along with continuous interpersonal interaction are the basis of the work. Motivational interviewing with a positive effect on psychological well-being makes couples accept their different aspects and have a more compatible attitude towards themselves, life and spouse. Accepting differences during motivational interviewing increases the ability to love, warm and trusted relationships, the ability to empathize with your spouse, the ability to stand up to the pressures of life, having a purpose and finding meaning in life, and the feeling of constant growth, and ultimately increasing marital compatibility; Therefore, the use of motivational interviewing can lead to marital adjustment; Because the basic principles of motivational interviewing are strengthening the client's sense of self-efficacy in all behavioral changes. Many of the group motivational interviewing techniques used in this research, such as assessment of trust commitment, behavior control, participation in decision-making and resolving ambivalence, are exclusively related to adopting adaptive approaches in marital relationships (8). The findings of the current research also showed that meta-diagnostic treatment has a significant effect on improving marital adjustment, and the results obtained in the follow-up phase were also stable; which is consistent with the results of other researchers (12,13). In the explanation above, it can be said that the strategies of self-control of thoughts, exposure, prevention and response management were part of the skills used in the meta-diagnostic treatment program; Facilitates the identification of thoughts affecting emotions and behaviors that generate interactive problems. In meta-diagnostic treatment sessions, people learn that all emotions, both positive and negative, are important and necessary, and our goal is not to eliminate; Rather, it is identifying, tolerating and coping with negative emotions that these behavioral changes lead to greater compatibility in marital relationships.
Zahra Akhondi Yazdi, Ahmed Ghadanefri, Tayebeh Sharifi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aims: The inevitable and heavy consequences of mood disorders and their recurring nature and heavy costs have caused this disorder to be considered among debilitating disorders and specialists pay special attention to the care and treatment of this disorder. Also, in recent years, more attention has been paid to psychotherapies, especially psychosocial interventions, along with drug therapy. Among these interventions, which are also based on the family, is the psychological education of the family. Mood disorders can cause changes in people's behavior and affect their ability to deal with usual activities such as work environment and living environment. Mood disorders are a major problem in public health and psychiatry due to their chronicity and recurring nature. Many factors can cause mood disorders in women. Premenstrual symptoms are a set of physical, psychological, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur periodically in the luteal phase of menstruation and significantly recede in the remainder of the cycle. It has been stated that premenstrual syndrome is a disease with a thousand faces; because doctors have attributed more than 150 symptoms to this disease. The symptoms of this disorder in women are different and this problem makes the diagnosis difficult. Worse, the pattern of this disease may change according to different months of the year and the age of the patient. Heartburn, mood instability, irritability, depression, nervous tension, tendency to cry, anxiety, headache, strong desire to eat sweets, increased appetite, heart palpitations, weakness, dizziness and fainting, weight gain, thirst, hot flashes, swelling of hands and feet, Swelling and tenderness of the breasts, feeling of swelling and bloating of the abdomen, joint and muscle pain, poor memory, insomnia, etc. are very common symptoms of this disease. Mood disorders include a wide group of disorders. That morbid (pathological) mood and disturbances related to it constitute their predominant clinical appearance, therefore this research aimed to compare the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy on premenstrual symptoms of women suffering from mood disorders in Isfahan City.
Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with the control group and follow-up period. The independent variables of the present study were two methods of meta-diagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and the dependent variables of the study were premenstrual symptoms, which were investigated in the community of women suffering from mood disorders in Isfahan City. The research population in this study consisted of all women with mood disorders in Isfahan city. In this study, 45 women with mood disorders referred to specialized clinics in Isfahan city in 1400, who qualified for the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria, were selected purposefully and divided into three groups (2 experimental groups and one control group). Patient information was collected through demographic information, mood disorder screening questionnaire, and premenstrual symptoms questionnaire. Treatment protocols included cognitive behavioral therapy (Hazelt-Stevens) and metadiagnostic therapy (Barlow et al., 2011).
Results: The results showed that meta-diagnostic and cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on premenstrual symptoms in women with mood disorders in Isfahan City, but the findings did not show a significant difference between these two treatment groups on premenstrual symptoms. So cognitive behavioral therapy was significantly more effective than transdiagnostic treatment of women suffering from mood disorders in Isfahan City.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that both meta-diagnostic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce premenstrual symptoms in women with disorders. Be effective. However, cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended as a more effective method. This finding emphasizes the importance of using methods focused on cognition and behavior to manage mood disorders and can be used in treatment planning. be placed Studies have shown that women who suffer from PMS and PMD usually do not seek medical treatment. And in many cases, they don't get a proper answer even if they prefer. Also, researchers have concluded that drug treatments do not have much effect and long-term effectiveness on the psychological symptoms of this disorder. Considering the side effects of drug treatments, it is recommended to use them only in severe cases or in cases where the patient has not responded to other treatments; therefore, non-pharmacological treatments have been the focus of researchers in women suffering from menstrual disorders. Integrated meta-diagnostic treatment due to the limitation of existing specific cognitive-behavioral treatments and for people with emotional disorders, especially It is designed for mood and anxiety, and it uses the same treatment principles and protocols for all types of these disorders. The aforementioned treatment is a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on emotion; in this treatment, by emphasizing emotions and the adaptive and functional nature of emotions, we try to identify and correct non-adaptive efforts to regulate experiences. It becomes exciting. Also, integrated meta-diagnostic treatment has been able to have a positive effect on women's premenstrual symptoms in some studies.
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