Showing 7 results for Diarrhea
Mohammad Ali Nilforooshan, Nahid Ezoddin Zanjani, Soosan Saadvandian, Hossein Malek Afzali,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-1999)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of breast feeding and rooming-in (R.I.) on the incidence of neonatal infections
,
this study was performed in Firoozgar Hospital - Tehran from 1982 through 7992.
This study was designed in order to review the birth records of neonates in three periods: 1, Pre-rooming- in (1982-1985),2, Partialy rooming-in (1985-1990) and 3 rooming-in period (7990-1992). In these three groups, prevalence of neonatal infection was analyzed.
The proportion of preterm births and cesarian section devliveries were significantly greather in the thired
period.
The rate of neonatal infection was 2.3% in the first period, 2.7% in the sf!cond and 1.5% in the third period.
The incidence of fever was 0.6% in the first period, 0.57% in the second and 0.04% in the third period (only one neonate). Relative risk of fever found 12 times less in the third period.
On the whole the risk of neonatal infection in normal, fullterms, weighing 2500 gram or more was found to be 44% less in the third period, and no case of fever, skin rash and sepsis was found in this period
S.m Hashemi, M Haghazali,
Volume 10, Issue 33 (6-2003)
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease that transfer to human by phlebotomus with leishman body. It is a chronic disease that infects skin, mucosa and viscera. Cutaneous form is common in Iran but visceral form is endemic in Kordestan, Lorestan and Khozestan. It is a case report of visceral type of leishmaniasis from Lorestan. His disease onset was fever, bloody diarrhea and cough, that sustained for a week and then relief spontaneously. In visceral Leishmaniasis, lung, lymphnodes, kidneys, liver, bone marrow (reticuloendothelial system) and GI tract will be infected but GI symptoms have been seen rarely, specially bloody diarrhea is not reported as a symptom in onset of disease.
E Malekan Rad, N Momtazmanesh,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (12-2004)
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases are the most common health problems in developing countries and have an important role in malnutrition of children. Zinc deficiency is usually present in patients with failure to thrive and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 14-day course of supplemental zinc administration in children with acute watery diarrhea and failure to thrive. This study was performed on 71 children, aged 12 to 36 months, with acute watery diarrhea and failure to thrive of two outpatient pediatric clinics of Kashan. Patients were enrolled into two groups (zinc group and control group). Duration of diarrhea and the average of diarrheal episodes were recorded. Data were analyzed by the use of Chi-squared test, odds ratio and unpaired t-test. Using t-test, this study showed that the average of diarrheal episodes was significantly lower in the zinc group (4.93 1.21vs. 8.61 1.92 respectively). Diarrhea more than seven days was not significantly lower in the zinc group (odds ratio= 0.617 and 95% CI=0.18-2.08) however, diarrhea more than fourteen days was significantly lower in the zinc group (Chi-square=4.512 and P value=0.034).
B Nikmanesh, H Oormazdi, L Akhlaghi, M.t Haghi-Ashtiani, Z Ghalavand,
Volume 12, Issue 49 (3-2006)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Cyclospora cayetanensis is a new-emerging pathogenic protozoan parasite. It is a rare coccidian associated with gastrointestinal disorders. Cyclosporiasis occurs in persons of all age groups and either in immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts. The most characteristic feature of this infection is a syndrome of acute or chronic diarrhea. This parasite is worldwide in distribution. Cyclospora can be transmitted by ingestion of water or food contaminated with oocysts. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of cyclospora cayetanensis in children with diarrhea. Material & Method: During twelve months(from June 2002 to June 2003) 420 stool samples from children under 10 years of age with diarrhea, admitted into Tehran Children Medical Center were screened. To detect and identify the organism, direct smear, formalin-ether concentration, and staining(modified acid fast) techniques were used. Results: In this cross-sectional study, 31 out of 420 specimens(7.3%) showed parasite infection, but cyclospora cayetanensis was not detected in any of the stool samples. Conclusion: According to our study, it seems that cyclospora infection in Tehran is very rare and further studies with larger volume size of stool are necessary for cyclospora identification. We also suggest that medical practitioners and laboratories should be more aware of this infection and its diagnosis.
B Nikmanesh, H Oormazdi, L Akhlaghi, M.t Haghi Ashtiani, Z Ghalevand, Z Babaii,
Volume 14, Issue 54 (4-2007)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nowadays one of the problems in developing countries is pediatric diseases and their mortalities. In this respect diarrhea plays a significant role. Cryptosporidium is recognized as an important widespread cause of severe and prolonged diarrhea mainly in immunocompromised or malnourished children, but there is no attention to identifying the parasite. The present study was designed and undertaken to assess the prevalence rate of agents causing diarrhea and determine the role of cryptosporidium and its relationship to some potential risk factors. Material & Method: In this cross-sectional study carried out during twelve months(from June 2002 to June 2003), stool samples from 420 children under 10 years of age with diarrhea who were admitted to Tehran Children Medical Center were screened. To identify parasites, direct smear, formalin-ether and modified acid fast staining techniques were applied. In addition, in order to distinguish pathogenic bacteria, differential media and polyvalent standard antisera were used. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, i.e. Chi-square, t-test and Fisher exact test. Results: This study showed that after bacteria, parasites were important causes of diarrhea, and cryptosporidium(2.4%) following giardia(2.9%) was the second parasite isolated in children with diarrhea. Statistical analysis of our results indicated that existence of cryptosporidium was significantly related to the presence of mucus in stool(P<0.003), immune deficiency(P<0.01), and age(P<0.017). Conclusion: This study emphasized that laboratories include appropriate diagnostic techniques for cryptosporidium in the routine examination of watery or mucoid diarrheal stool specimens, particularly for immunosuppressed patients.
Sh Agah, S Fatali, N Ashayeri,
Volume 16, Issue 0 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Despite the frequency with which IBS is encountered in clinical practice, it remains an important medical problem for both health care providers and patients. Unfortunately,so far no single treatment option has been effective for managing IBS.Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effects of Plantagel on relieving IBS symptoms.
Patients and Method: This double-blind clinical study was conducted from April 2006 to December 2007. 70 patients with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) enrolled in our study.The subjects were divided into two equal groups of 35. First, all the participants were monitored for two weeks prior to drug administration.Then 35 patients in the study group received Plantagel and 35 patients in the control group received placebo for two weeks. The patients were called at the end of the second week of treatment period and 3 weeks after the end of treatment in order to evaluate the clinical severity of IBS symptoms.SPSS software v.15, paired t-test, Chi-square and
independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The entire study population improved significantly over 2 weeks of treatment in terms of all studied parameters. However, severity of bloating, feeling of incomplete emptying, presence of mucous in stool and urgency tended to decrease further in Plantagel group in comparison with placebo group.Three weeks after completion of the course of treatment, severity of abdominal pain, frequency of defecation, bloating and urgency returned to primary levels in placebo group and the benefits of treatment diminished over time in this group,while the severity of all symptoms in Plantagel group statistically improved compared with before treatment.
Conclusion: The present study is the first clinical trial to evaluate the effects of Plantago Major on IBS-D symptoms. Our study demonstrated that Plantagel is effective in the management of IBS-D symptoms and its effects last 3 weeks after completion of treatment. According to these findings, IBS-D patients can use Plantagel intermittently to improve their complaints and decrease treatment costs.
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Volume 22, Issue 137 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background: Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) pathotypes are belonging to enterobacteriaceae family that is known as agent of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in under 5 year old children. These bacteria have high prevalence in developed and developing countries that may cause severe diarrhea even death. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of these pathotypes are different in various regions and are dependent on many factors. Awareness of the patterns is necessary for physicians in order to treat infections. This research is aimed to identify of EPEC pathotypes in diarrheal fewer than 5 years old children and study the patterns of antibiotic resistance of these strains in Tehran.
Methods: 300 samples were collected from children with diarrhea visited in children Hospital in Tehran. Bacterial isolates confirmed as E.coli species on the basis of standard bacterial and biochemical tests. All isolates E.coli species were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of eaeA (intimin) gene in terms of EPEC pathotypes. Then, antibiogram test for EPEC pathotypes was performed using 16 different antibiotic disces by disc diffusion agar (Kirby-Bauer) method.
Results: Among all specimens, 36(12%) isolates bearing eaeA gene were confirmed as EPEC using PCR. 22 specimens(61.1%) 62% of identified pathotypes were isolated from under 1 year old children. All pathotypes were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Antibiotic resistance toward amoxicillin and tetracycline23(63.9%) (64%) was higher than others. Also 24 isolates(66.7%) (67%) showed multi-resistant pattern toward several routine antibiotics.
Conclusion: Since EPEC pathotypes are diagnosed as agent of diarrhea in children in our country, identification of these pathotypes showed be made through novel techniques. Antibiotic resistance of EPEC pathotypes toward classic antibiotics including tetracycline and amoxicillin is increasing. Evaluation and detection of antibiotic resistance pattern of these pathotypes is very important for effective treatment and decreasing of resistance toward antibiotics
