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Volume 10, Issue 38 (3-2004)
Premedication is commonly used in anesthesia. The purpose of premedicating children is to decrease anxiety, vagal stimulation, airway secretion and to prevent post operative psychological and behavioral problems. Different ways and drugs can be used for premedication to achieve this goal. Sufentanil which is a synthetic short acting opioid, can be used as a premedication. The aim of this single blind prospective study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal sufentanil drop in reducing anxiety, providing calmness during the separation of children from parents and causing sleep in them before operation. Sixty patients, aged 2-6 years, with ASA I and II of both sexes, were selected and then randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each scheduled for outpatient pediatric surgery. Group I (n=30, study or sufentanil group), received 1.5μg/kg sufentanil drops (0.03ml/kg), group II (n=30, control group), received NaCl 0.65%(0.03ml/kg). Sufentanil drops were prepared with the leophylization technique by converting sufentanil 5μg/kg to 50μg/kg. This study showed that sufentanil decreased anxiety and helped calmness and made the children sleep in 86% of the patients in the study group and 63.3% in the control group(P<0.05) after 20 minutes of administering premedication administration. There was a significant decrease in response to mask between two groups(P<0.05). Patient’s emotional response during separation from parents, though not statistically significant, was better in the study group as compared to the control group(P>0.05). This study showed that intranasal sufentanil as a premedication in children can decrease anxiety and help sedation and sleep in this age group.
Volume 12, Issue 45 (6-2005)
Vast number of school-aged children in developing countries face major health and nutrition problems. Many of these children have a history of PEM as well as nutritional deficiencies of vitamin A and iron. These conditions are exacerbated by helminths infection which is highly prevalent among school-aged children and particularly inimical to their healthy growth, development and educational progress. Yet, large parasite burdens, particularly severe hookworm infection, are associated with impaired cognitive function as well as educational outcome measures such as absenteeism, under-enrollment, and attrition. Thus, helminthic infection appears to constitute a very real barrier to children’s progress in school. In this study a total number of 555 students were selected by random sampling in Robat Karim city. Data was collected by using questionnaires and face to face interviews with children’s mothers. The stool specimens, collected fresh in paper cups, were examined by formol-ether concentration and for diagnosis of oxyuriasis the adhesive cellophane tape was applied. Nutritional status of the students was determined based on anthropometric measurement. Any students whose weight or height was less than -2SD, expected for the given age, was regarded as being malnourished. The results showed that nutritional status of the students on the base of height for age was 6.5% and on the base of weight for height was 9.6% which showed malnutrition. The prevalence of parasites infection was 49.6% including 23% pathogen, 18.5% giardiasis (CI 15.2-22.3) and 4.5% hymenolepis nana (CI 2.8-6.7). 26.6% non pathogen included 19.8% antamobacoli (CI 16.4-23.6), 3.1% andolimax (CI 1.7-5.1), 1.4% iodoambabutchili (CI 0.57-2.9) and the others were less than 1%. The prevalence of oxyuriasis based on cellophane tape was 38.9%. Therefore, the total rate pathogen parasitic infection among students was 61.9%. The prevalence of malnutrition on the base of weight for height was higher in the boys than in the girls and the prevalence of parasites infection was significantly higher in the boys (51.1%) (CI 44.9-57.2) than in the girls (42.3%) (CI 35.7-49) P<0.05). A significant relationship was found between malnutrition (height for age) and parasitic infection P<0.013. There was also a significant relationship between malnutrition (weight for age) and oxyuriasis P<0.006. Consequently, compensatory strategies must be developed to improve health quality.
Volume 12, Issue 49 (3-2006)
Background & Aim: Diabetes is one of the risk factors for coronary artery diseases. Pathologic changes in the vasculature that occur in DM(Diabetes Mellitus) lead to coronary artery diseases. There are some reports that these groups of patients have longer ICU staying than non-diabetics. This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diabetes on pump time and ICU staying in CABG patients. Material & Method: During 2001 and 2002, 122 diabetic and non-diabetic patients who came to Namazi Hospital for coronary artery bypass grafting entered our study and their pump time and ICU staying were determined and analyzed statistically by Mann-whitney U test. Results: There was no difference between diabetics and non-diabetics regarding pump time and ICU staying. But the association between the number of coronary grafts and pump time and also pump time and ICU staying was significant. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference between diabetics and non-diabetics in the length of ICU staying and pump time, but there was a linear relation between the pump time and ICU staying. The extensiveness of the coronary artery disease is the major determinant of the pump time and ICU staying after CABG(Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting).
Volume 24, Issue 161 (11-2017)
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the psychological disorders that, theoretically, is connected with migraine. This study aimed to compare components of obsessive-compulsive disorder in migraine sufferers with healthy individuals.
Methods: This study is causal-comparative and its population includes all patients admitted to Khatam Hospital in Zahedan during 2015. 105 people with migraine selected by using Gpower, recognition of neurologists and Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire. They were compared with 105 normal individuals. The tools were Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire (AMQ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCI-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Manova.
Results: Results showed there is a significant difference between the groups with and without migraine in component scores of obsessive-compulsive disorder. So that migraine sufferers in washing, ordering, checking, neutralization and intellectual obsession acquired better scores (p<0.05). Between the two groups, no significant differences was observed in the accumulation component (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results, in terms of more attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder, is important in reducing migraine attacks.
Volume 25, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Background: Mental well-being is one of the important constructs of mental health and identifying the factors affecting it is of paramount importance. So, the aim of this study was to discriminate between students with high and low mental well-being based on their resilient and components of the tendency to risky behaviors.
Methods: It was a causal-comparative research. The research population consisted of all male and female students studying in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in the 2017-2018 academic year, 365 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. For data collection from the Warwick–Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS), Klohnen ego-resilient scale (1996) and youth risky behaviors scale were used. Data were analyzed using software SPSS-20 and the statistical test of discriminant analysis.
Results: Discriminant analysis results showed that resilient, the tendency to drug and psychoactive and the tendency to cigarette has the highest ability in discriminating between two groups of students with high and low mental well-being were. Subsequent discriminative components included the tendency to risky sexual behavior, the tendency to drive dangerously, the tendency to violence and the tendency to alcohol, respectively. Also, the results of the discriminant analysis showed that all students with high and low mental well-being were correctly discriminated from the other students with the highest percentage of detection (100%).
Conclusion: Resilient and components of the risky behaviors are important determinants of discrimination among students with high and low mental well-being. Therefore, in educational and research programs in order to increase the mental well-being among students, resilience and the components of the risky behaviors needs special attention.
Volume 29, Issue 9 (12-2022)
Background & Aims: Following a serious injury, microtrauma and as a result of microscopic damage in joint surfaces, pain disorders in the skeletal and muscular system develop over time. Pain in the musculoskeletal system, in addition to injury, causes secretion and fatigue in the pastoral structure, which leads to disruption of the neuromuscular system. Although the foot is the last part of the lower limb chain and resists the incoming forces, it is expected to cause movement pathology, pathokinesiology and increased stress and thus injury due to improper distribution of forces. It reaches the tissues and muscles of the leg, and as a result, the risk of joint pain increases. In futsal, which is one of the vulnerable sports, most of the injuries of the lower limbs are assigned to the wrist and knee, According to the report of the National Association of American Sports Science Colleges, ankle injuries compared to other body joints in disciplines such as; It has basketball, volleyball, futsal, etc. Ankle pain can be caused by aspirin, instability, arthritis, gout, tendonitis, fracture, nerve compression and infection in this joint. In this popular field, due to the fact that players have to withdraw from this sport due to pain and injury in their basic ages, and as a result, talents are not lost, attention was paid to movement sciences and rehabilitation. Familiarity with biomechanical principles in injury or disease is a very important part of air and treatment activity. If we can provide a targeted ability in ankle pain and evaluate and perform the tasks they do in static and dynamic conditions, it will allow athletes and even non-athletes to return to sports faster and more confidently. And they do everyday, was a witness The first step in this field is to know the rehabilitation method that optimally minimizes the frequency of pain and re-injury. As a result, biomechanical principles and evaluations become reliable in treatment and help to increase better performance. Research shows that mechanical proprioception movements with ultrasound supplements improve and increase neuromuscular function and balance of the plantar pressure center, as well as a significant reduction in pain, in the same direction, from existing changes and the degree of impact on foot posture or position. in which the patient is located, by using biomechanical evaluations in the initial or final stages of the rehabilitation period, it helps the treatment to increase the effectiveness of the methods used with higher validity and to use better methods with higher effectiveness. take. Take, Therapeutic strategies to prevent and increase the return to daily and sports activities include: external supporters, manual therapy, and deep sensory exercises, which generally divide rehabilitation into two types, mechanical and physical. Studies have shown that deep sensory exercises and orthoses and tapings reduce the amount of damage by 50%. In addition, the postural changes or the condition in which the patient or the injured person is located, recovery during the rehabilitation phase helps the specialists to take appropriate actions to have a better effect. In the meantime, examining the amount of electrical muscle activity and the pressures on the person in the biomechanical analysis of the person will give valuable information about treatment and rehabilitation strategies. According to the available documents, foot and ankle problems even cause pain in the upper limb areas such as the back due to its effects on the posture and the way the forces interact in walking over time. Considering the increasing trend of basic ages in futsal, in order to avoid re-injury or to prevent it, it is necessary to take preventive measures. In this approach, the use of proprioception exercises and the use of ultrasound waves on the injured area of the ankle have a significant effect on the walking process, the sense of the position of the ankle joint, and the function of the muscles around the joint. Failure to use proprioception exercises reduces performance and ankle sprains, which is the result of instability followed by chronic ankle pain. is looking for To get a better result, the use of ultrasound therapy modality by applying a length of heat in the ankle along with deep sensory exercises will be useful in controlling and improving the function of the device and foot posture. In rehabilitation planning, understanding the mechanism of applied forces will help professionals to provide the appropriate protocol to increase the function of the device and joints. Because a period of rehabilitation before and after the changes in the posture or the condition in which the patient or athlete is located, can have a great help in the therapeutic methods of care and treatment of its effectiveness in the treatment protocol. it shows. In most cases, in the field of rehabilitation, the therapist is unwilling and according to the conditions of the teams and the pressure of the coaches and sports managers upon the player's return, he trains and competes with the speed of action of the fields. But this athlete's return is mostly temporary and causes joint injuries and choices in the future. Therefore, in the evaluations and screenings at the beginning and end of the season, as in the field of football, in this field as well, the amount of injuries can be minimized by taking into account clinical evaluation tests. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of deep sensory training with ultrasound therapy on the chronic ankle pain of young players along with the evaluation of the center of pressure and the changes in the activities of the 2 specialized muscles, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus during walking, in response to changes in their activity can help people with ankle injuries.
Methods: The statistical sample of this study included 24 people (12 people in the experimental group and 12 people in the control group). Pain intensity in both groups was assessed through the standard Visual analogue scale form, which is characterized by a pain scale of 1 to 10, and the selection criterion was a score of 7 (high pain intensity). Also, for analysis and evaluation of electrical muscle function by electromyography system of anterior tibialis and peroneus longus muscles, subjects of both groups were recorded using UK Biometrics system in stance phase in 14-meter path of both groups (pre-test). The experimental group then received a deep sensory training protocol with 3 MHz ultrasound for three weeks. The control group performed its normal activities during this period. After the treatment period, both groups re-tested and checked the pain and recorded the electrical activity of the muscles as a pre-test (post-test). For statistical analysis, correlated T-test was used for intra-group comparison and independent for inter-group comparison (p<0.05).
Results: The results showed a significant difference only in the activity of Peroneus longus muscle in comparison with pre- and post-test of the experimental group. Also, a significant difference in the amount of pain in the experimental group before and after rehabilitation interventions was observed in the comparison within the group.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be mentioned that the use of deep sensory exercises with ultrasound waves as an effective method in the rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system in chronic pain can be used by physiotherapists and other sports rehabilitation specialists. Because its effectiveness was effective in reducing the amount of pain and normal function of selected muscles in static and dynamic positions (walking).
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, patients with adenocarcinoma gastric cancer between the ages of 50 and 85 years old were studied. The age matched control group included non-cancerous gastrointestinal patients who referred for endoscopy. Tumor and control tissue samples were collected by endoscopy. Collected tissue samples were extracted using the GENTBIO kit and DNA samples were kept at -20. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation pattern of selected gene regions. Bisulfite treatment was performed by Bisulfite Conversion Kit (ZYMO RESEARCH). Briefly, bisulfite solutions were prepared according to the kit instructions and were added to the samples. The mixtures were incubated for 5 hours then centrifugation was performed. In the next step a combination of BL buffer and carrier RNA were added to the products. The samples were then thoroughly mixed with ethanol and transferred to Epitect columns. BW wash buffer and BD desulfurizing buffer were used in later stages to improve DNA quality. For each reaction of PCR we used 2X PCR-master mix, 0.5µl of each forward and reverse primers with a concentration of 10μM and 50ng DNA. The following temperature program was applied: 15 minutes at 95°C, 35 cycles including 20 seconds at 95 °C, 30 seconds annealing with variable and specific temperature for each pair of primers, extension for 25 seconds at 72°C and final extension for 5 minutes at 72°C. The annealing temperature of the primer pairs was standardized between 51-60°C. PCR products were evaluated by 8% polyacrylamide gel stained with silver nitrate. After collecting and extracting the results, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Methylation profile of MINT2, MINT1, MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions was assessed on polyacrylamide gel after treatment with bisulfite and MS-PCR. Each gene was amplified by a pair of primers for methylated (M) and a pair of primers for non-methylated (U) regions. In case of positive methylation of one or two genes, the situation was considered CIMP-Low phenotype and in case of positive methylation of 3 or 4 genes, phenotype was recorded as a CIMP-High. If the methylation of all four genes was negative, the CIMP-Negative phenotype was recorded. The results showed that CIMP was positive in 52.9% of gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, which included 41.2% CIMP-Low and 11.7% CIMP-High. MINT25 with 76% positive had the highest methylation rate. Interestingly, no positive cases of MINT25 were observed in the control group which could confirm the specificity of this marker. MINT31 was next with 53% positive cases. In control samples for three promoter regions, methylation results were negative and only two positive cases were observed regarding MINT31. MINT1 and MINT2 genes were evaluated positive in 17.7% and 11.8% of cases, respectively. According to these results, there was a statistically significant correlation between PPIs and methylation of MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions. Considering all 4 gene regions as CIMP phenotype, the significance of the results was reduced, which could be due to the low sample size of positive cases in MINT1 and MINT2. Contrary to expectations, no significant link was observed between the Helicobacter pylori infection and methylation of each gene alone. However, the CIMP-Positive phenotype showed a stronger association with Helicobacter pylori infection than individual genes, although this association was not reached the significant level.
Conclusion: Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that despite the discovery of several predisposing genes, scientific evidence still indicates the important role of environmental factors in its development. Studies have shown the effective role of epigenetic changes in gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation of many genes has been studied in gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic instability, characterized by hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands, is known as the CIMP phenotype. CIMP-positive tumors indicate that hypermethylation has occurred simultaneously in the promoter regions of several tumor suppressor genes. This leads to inactivation of gene transcription and consequent loss of their function. So far, different gene sets have been selected to study CIMP in a variety of cancers, due to the heterogeneity of histological features in tumors and patient populations. In the present study, the promoter regions of MINT1, MINT2, MINT25 and MINT31 in patients with gastric cancer were examined and the results confirmed the presence of CIMP-Low and CIMP-High phenotypes in these samples. In our study, the correlation between methylation pattern and clinical characteristics of patients was also investigated. Statistical analyzes showed a significant link between methylation of MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions with the PPIs. Evidence from several studies suggests that long-term use of PPIs is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. However, some studies have suggested that this risk may be limited to people with a history of Helicobacter pylori infection or precancerous lesions of the stomach. Because PPIs induce hypergastrinemia and cellular hyperplasia, they could increase the risk of gastric cancer. Overall, the results of our study show that the CIMP phenotype can be introduced as a biomarker in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, although the methylation profile selection should be standardized based on the characteristics of each population. The results of our study showed that among the 4 proposed gene regions, MINT25 has a statistically significant correlation with gastric cancer and also with a history of PPIs, which indicates the importance of studying this marker in Iranian patients with gastric cancer.
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