Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

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The pupil should be dilated up to 6mm for eye examination, but systemic absorption of phenylepherin eye drop (PE) leads to serious complications. This study compared the effect of 2.5% and 5%PE with and without cyclopentolated 1% (CP) on pupillary dilation and pulse and blood pressure (BP) in patients refering to out patient clinic. Inorder to reach to a less toxic dose of PE. This is a prospective, crossover controlled clinical trial study since september 2000 to march 2001 on patients reffering to eye clinic, Selected patients were not on any medication or ocular and systemic diseases influencing on pupil or cardiovascular state. For each patient 6 phases tried, each one week apart. In the first phase pulse, BP and pupil diameter measured, then one drop of 2.5% PE instilled in lower culdesac of one eye and repeated after 5 minutes for 3 times. BP, pulse and pupil diameter measured 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the first drop. This procedure was repeated with 5% PE, CP 1%, artificial tear drop (control), 2.5% PE+CP and 5% PE+CE for second to sixth phase. Data collected compared and underwent statistical analysis with Paired T test. 97 patients, 11 to 70 years old (mean=42.43±1.93), 55% male had completed 6 phases of trial. Average systolic BP raise was 16.3 and 9.22mmHg and diastolic BP 5.41 and 3.75 mmHg for 5% and 2.5% PE respectfully, there was bradycardia of up to 9 pulse perminute, more in 5% PE group but these changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Pupil diameter increase was 1.35+0.75 mm with 2.5% PE. 1.95±0.95 with 5% PE, 3.9±0.95 with CP, 4.25±0.61 with 2.5% PE+CP and 4.55±0.58 mm with 5% PE+CP which is statistically significant (P<0.05). Considering 6 mm pupil diameter for clinical use, there was no differences between 2.5% and 5% PE (McNemar P>0.05). There was no differences between 2.5% and 5% PE side effects on BP and pulse and dilation of pupil to 6mm statistically. Therfore 2.5% PE use in clinical practice is safe satisfactory and recommended.

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Post cataract operation visual acuity affected by the astigmatism which it is influenced by several factors including the suture material. This study compares 8-0 vicryl (V) and 10-0 Nylon (N) suture material for induced astigmatism and its decay in time in cataract operation. This is retrospective study of consequetive case series that underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation by one surgeon with scleral flap incision and horizontal suturing. Exclusion criteria included history of pre and postop ocular surgery topical or systemic steroid use, diabetes and less than 40 years old age. From the file of the patient age, sex, visual acuity and Keratometry of pre-op and one week, one month, 3 months and 6 months post op datas kind of sature and computer transferred to a computure. According to the type and number of suture material patients divided into V. and N. groups, and according to induced astigmatism divided into No, with the rule (WTR) AND AGAINST THE RULE (ATR) astigmatism and underwent statistical analysis by X2 tests. From 345 eyes that has complete 6-70 (Mean 18±3.2) month fallowup, 162 has been sutured by V and 183 by N. Age range was 41 to 85 (Mean 62.56±4.2) years and 47% were male. At one week post op 89.5% of V and 91.2% of N group had WTRA and no ATRA. At one month post op 38.2% of V and 33.8% of N had WTRA while 35.8% of V and 36.6% of N developed ATRA. After 3 months 3.7% of V and 4.9% of N had WTRA while 81.4% of V and 83.5% of N had ATRA. After 6 months and on final, visit 2.4% of V and 3.2% of N had WTRA and 80.8% of V and 83.6% of N group were ATRA. For each period of time there was no significant statistical differences between V and N (P>0.05) but there was statistically significant differences between preop and one week, one week and one month, one month and 3 months (P<0.05) but not between 3 months and 6 months astigmatism. There is no differences in induced astigmatism and it decay in cataract extration by scleral flap incisionn and horizontal suturing between V. and N.

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Background: Because of its malignancy and poor prognosis, esophageal cancer is the sixth cause of death around the world. MiR-34a is a tumor suppressor. The miRNA-34 family is involved in suppressing the tumor and oncogenic pathways in some cancers. The purpose of this research is to determine the changes in the expression of the Vimentin gene after the replacement of miR-34a, on the other hand the effect of replacing this micro-RNA on cell proliferation is determined.
Methods: After cultivating the TE-8 cell line, miR-34a was replaced in esophageal cancer cells and after miR-34a replacement, Vimentin gene expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR method. Cell proliferation in the TE-8 cell line was evaluated in effective time and dose after the replacement of mir-34a by the MTT method.
Results: Replacing miR-34a in the TE-8 cell line significantly reduced the expression of Vimentin (p<0.0001). Mir-34a could (at an effective dose) within 24 hours significantly reduce cell proliferation (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Possibly, the replacement of miR-34a could have a therapeutic role in esophageal cancer.