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Volume 22, Issue 137 (11-2015)
Background: Various studies indicate that there is association between life style and various enzyme activities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of waterpipe smoking and immobilization on serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities in female rats.
Methods: In this experimental study female Wistar rats were divided into control, waterpipe smoking, immobilized, and immobilized waterpipe smoking groups of 7 in each. Exposure to waterpipe smoke was performed 10 times/day for 10min with 5 min resting time interval and animals were chronically immobilized twice a day for 2 hr each time. After 7 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture technique and enzyme activity was measured using spectrophotometry. The data were compared statistically between groups using ANOVA.
Results: Serum creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in immobilized waterpipe smoking than immobilized or waterpipe smoking rats (p=0.009, 0.012 and 0.046, 0.047, respectively). Moreover, the enzyme activity was higher in waterpipe smoking than immobilized rats (p= 0.031 and 0.048, respectively).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that prevalence of waterpipe smoking and immobilization in our society is a serious threat to health. The necessity to control these factors and publicizing the related information seems inevitable for public health.
Volume 29, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Background & Aims: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, which can have a significant impact on the quality of life, treatment process, and even survival of patients. Chemotherapy, as one of the main methods of cancer treatment, although it increases life expectancy, can have significant effects on the quality of life and life satisfaction of patients. Recent studies show that life satisfaction in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is affected by several factors, including physical symptoms, psychological status, social support, and spirituality. Effective management of these symptoms through supportive treatments, such as antiemetics, physiotherapy, and proper nutrition, can help improve quality of life and increase life satisfaction. Life satisfaction in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is affected by several factors, including physical symptoms, psychological status, social support, and spirituality. Quality of life and increase life satisfaction in these patients. Among these treatments is existential therapy, which is a psychotherapy approach that focuses on concepts such as the meaning of life, freedom, responsibility, death, and loneliness. Existential therapy can help reduce these symptoms by helping patients accept these realities and find new meaning in life. Existential therapy helps patients focus on the present moment and enjoy their lives, even in difficult situations. This approach can help improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Depression in cancer patients is challenging because some symptoms, such as fatigue and loss of appetite, may be caused by the cancer itself or chemotherapy. Timely treatment of depression in cancer patients can improve quality of life, increase motivation to continue treatment, and even improve cancer treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of existential therapy on life satisfaction and depression in cancer patients. Methods: The research is a semi-experimental study with a control and experimental group. The statistical population included all cancer patients in Tehran in 2024, which was 213 people according to the researcher's estimate. The sample size was determined as 30 people and was divided into two experimental groups (15) and control group (15). The sampling method was convenience sampling. The experimental group participated in 8 resilience training sessions and data were obtained from both groups in two stages of pre-test and post-test using the Diener et al. (1989) life satisfaction questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (1961). The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance statistical method. Results: The results of the study showed that, according to the eta square in the experimental group, it can be concluded that the amount of existential therapy on the life satisfaction dimension of individuals is 35 percent. Also, according to the eta square in the experimental group, it can be concluded that the amount of effect of existential therapy on individuals' depression is 52 percent. As can be seen, the effect of existential therapy is significant at the 0.05 probability level, considering the pre-test effect. The assumption of homogeneity of variances of the variables was examined using the Levene test. The results of this test showed that the Levene test was not significant in any of the variables, indicating that the variances were homogeneous (P>0.05). Therefore, the multivariate analysis of covariance test was applicable. The overall results of the multivariate analysis of covariance are presented in Table 4. Conclusion: The results showed that existential therapy has an effect on life satisfaction and depression in cancer patients. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in cancer patients, which is exacerbated due to the aggressive nature of the disease and the side effects of chemotherapy. Existential therapy helps patients cope with their negative emotions by focusing on the meaning of life and accepting the current situation. Patients who underwent existential therapy showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. The study showed that existential therapy helps patients cope with hopelessness and feelings of emptiness by enhancing a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Existential therapy not only reduces symptoms of depression, but also helps patients cope with anxiety related to death and illness. By creating a space for deep reflection on the existential nature of human existence, existential therapy allows patients to better process their emotions, thereby reducing symptoms of depression. Patients who participated in existential therapy sessions reported significant improvements in their life satisfaction. This improvement was due to patients' increased awareness of personal values and their ability to find meaning in everyday experiences. Existential therapy not only helps patients cope with the psychological challenges of cancer, but also teaches them how to enjoy their lives and feel fulfilled. |
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