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Showing 3 results for Mehryar
Mehrdad Mohammadi, Mehryar Mehrkesh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Volume 26, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rotavirus is the most common viral cause of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients. The aims of this study were to evaluating the prevalence of Rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis in Isfahan among children under 3 years regarding their age, gender and seasonal distribution of Rotavirus; and to provide useful epidemiological and clinical data.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on fecal specimens and clinical data collected from 75 children under 3 years of age with acute diarrhea at the central pediatric hospital of Imam Hussein, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences between February 2016 and January 2017. All samples tested for rotavirus by ELISA method.
Results: Of the 75 stool samples 33.3% specimens were positive for Rotavirus. 32% cases were detected in 1-2 years old category (p<0.05). About 40% were females and 60%, males (p>0.05). Infection by rotavirus has a major peak in winter (February month) so that 60% were positive in the winter (p<0.05). After clinical analysis it was shown that all of the signs were belonged to gastrointestinal infection group (p<0.05). These major manifestations are diarrhea (100%), vomiting (93%), fever (82%), abdominal pain (79%) and dehydration (65%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that rotavirus was the important pathogen in childhood diarrhea in Isfahan, Iran. The common clinical symptoms were fever, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and dehydration. Controlling the desiease is essencial for the financial burden of children healthcare.
Hossein Rasoulof, Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini, Amir Houshang Mehryar, Hojatalah Javidi,
Volume 29, Issue 9 (12-2022)
Volume 29, Issue 9 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Autism disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose symptoms are mainly in the early months of life, especially between 12 and 24 months and in general, up to 3years of age, and due to severe and persistent deficiencies in communication and interactions. Social, communication skills, limited, inflexible, and repetitive patterns appear in behavior, activities, and interests, as well as cognitive and functional disorders.
However, what has been studied so far has shown that mitochondria play an essential role in degenerative diseases, and its various effects are mainly through the cellular redox mode by mitochondria and through oxidation and reduction of NADH. H+ and NAD + are maintained; Are interconnected. Abnormal accumulation of oxygen/nitrogen reaction species and superoxide formation can lead to oxidative stress and their accumulation may damage cellular structures. Superoxide is also immediately converted to hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase enzymes. The presence of hydrogen peroxide may be toxic to cells.
The brain, on the other hand, is one of the main consumers of oxygen, and mitochondria are the largest source of energy for the normal functioning of brain cells, and as a result, large amounts of reactive oxygen species accumulate in several areas of the brain. However, at least in some cases, there are relatively weak protection mechanisms. Because of this, the brain may be very sensitive to attacks related to the accumulation of radicals. In addition, mitochondria play an important role in calcium homeostasis, signaling, and regulation of apoptosis.
Also, growing nerve cells have a vital need for oxidative phosphorylation for important growth processes, and the immature brain is uniquely vulnerable to defects in bioenergy capacity; Thus, mitochondrial disorders may lead to a variety of developmental neurological disorders .
In general, conducting such research is of particular importance, especially given the growing number of patients with autism spectrum disorders and the various challenges in the timely and accurate differential diagnosis of these disorders. In this regard, after reviewing the literature and the existing research background, it was found that so far in our country, no research has been conducted to evaluate the biomarkers of mitochondrial function in people with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: To conduct the present applied research, among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran, among patients with nausea (51people), 10affected children and 10healthy children were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Were divided. The required data were then used through demographic information questionnaires, history and medical records, Gilliam-2 Autism Rating Scale and laboratory kits. Finally, the data were analyzed using the rock curve.
Results: The results presented in Table2 and the value of AUC= 0.890, it can be said that the ability to test or test creatine phosphokinase (CPKMB) in the diagnosis of ASD disorder is in the category or "good and close to excellent level." Also since the probability value is equal to 0.0032; It can be said that this result is significant and can be cited at the level of significance of five percent (and even one percent). Based on the findings, the number of cutting points is also equal to>24.0, which shows; Based on the diagnostic test (CPKMB), people with creatine phosphokinase levels greater than 24.0 units can be identified; He was considered a person with symptoms of autism. Individuals whose test scores are less than 24.0 are also identified as asymptomatic or healthy.
Based on the information in Table3 and the value obtained for the curve surface (AUC= 1.000), it can be said that the ability of the Lactate test to diagnose this disorder is complete and "excellent" and shows that this test has a very good performance in the field. It is the correct identification and determination of healthy people with disorders. The numerical value of the cutting point is also equal to>21.5, which shows; Based on the Lactate diagnostic test, those whose lactate level is more than 21.5 units can be identified; Considered people with autism spectrum disorder. Those whose test results are less than 21.5 units are also considered healthy.
Based on the data in Table4 and the value obtained for the subsurface (AUC= 0.790), it can be said that the ability of the Pyruvate test to diagnose ASD is "relatively good". Accordingly, since the probability value of Pvalue is equal to 0.0284, it can be said that this result is significant and can be cited at the level of significance of five percent and even one percent. The numerical value of the cut-off point for this experiment is equal to <0.865, which indicates; Based on the Pyruvate diagnostic test, people with a pyruvate score of less than 0.865 can be considered a person with ASD. Those for whom the number obtained is more than 0.865 units are also recognized as healthy. Based on the information in Table5 and the value obtained for the cut-off point (AUC= 0.970), it can be said that the ability of the L:P test to diagnose this disorder is "excellent" and efficient. Accordingly, at the significance level of five percent and one percent, since the probability value or Pvalue is equal to 0.0004; It can be said that this result is meaningful and worthy of citation. The numerical value of the cut-off point in this test is equal to>31.05, which shows; Based on the L:P diagnostic test, those with a lactate to pyruvate or L:P ratio greater than 31.05 can be considered as having symptoms of ASD. Those with an L: P score of less than 31.05 are also considered healthy. Based on the results of Table 6 and AUC = 0.765, it can be said that the ability of Creatinine test to diagnose autism spectrum disorder is in the category of "relatively good". Since the probability value P for this test (creatinine biomarker test) is 0.0452; It can be said that this result, at the level of significance of five percent, is significant and worthy of citation. Obviously, this result, at a significance level of one percent, is not worthy of citation and significance.
Conclusion: The studied biomarkers have high and very good diagnostic power and efficiency in the field of accurate and early assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (especially in severity levels 2 and 3), and they can be used along with other diagnostic biomarkers, along with other measurement methods. Evaluated and diagnosed this disorder, and in the first three years of the child's development, as a golden and very sensitive and important period of diagnosis and treatment of autism, achieved a more accurate differential diagnosis and education, rehabilitation and treatment or improvement of symptoms at the most appropriate time. Possibly, he started and achieved better results in this regard.
Also, according to the results of evaluation and measurement of biomarkers of mitochondrial function in each diagnosed individual, based on the new and valuable approach of "Molecular Psychology and Molecular Psychiatry", one of the new and appropriate methods for each individual (including individual or personal molecular medicine) to modify And used to improve mitochondrial dysfunction (for example, drug therapy to regulate serum levels of the aforementioned molecules in the patient to a normal level and reduce related symptoms), and finally, to reduce the symptoms and relative treatment of the person with autism.
Behdad Asaadi, Mohammad Khayyer, Amir Hoshang Mehryar, Hojatollah Javidi,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims: In general Emotions are often analyzed on the basis of basic characteristics such as stimulus events, facial expressions, physical change, phenomenological experience, and functional motivations or inclinations (7). Most studies related to guilt have shown that this feeling has a positive correlation of stability with positive social and interpersonal adjustment of love (9).
However, due to the teachability of emotions and the ways of expressing them, parents have a great role in this important matter. The educational measures that parents take in the field of emotional education of their children have been studied with the help of various concepts and models. One of the most important of these concepts is the philosophical philosophy of parents. There are two dimensions of emotional awareness and guidance. Emotional awareness indicates parents' awareness of their own and their children's emotions and their ability to discuss the dimensions of emotions in the family, and guidance refers to a level of parental intervention using tools such as Direct instructions and talking to children are about their emotions, as well as worrying about those emotions, respecting them, and accepting their children's emotional experiences (10).
Given that adolescent psychologists consider adolescence as a time of increased emotional instability and peak emotions. Observation-based studies indicate an increase in the expression of negative emotions along with a decrease in the expression of positive emotions during puberty. Also, by studying and understanding the emotions of adolescents, their behavior can be understood; Because emotions are the cause of many human behaviors. Moral emotions that have been considered by psychologists in the last two decades have been considered as a factor for human behavior, and therefore the identification of factors affecting moral emotions can be in adolescence. Be of considerable importance.
Methods: To conduct the present descriptive and applied research, which was done by correlation method and in the field, among 10th and 11th grade male and female high school students in Shiraz in the 97-96 academic year using the Cochran's 422 sample volume formula. Secondary school students (240 boys and 182 girls) were selected by cluster random sampling. Of these 422, 206 were tenth grade students and 216 were eleventh grade students. The sampling method was as follows: first, from among the 4 education districts of Shiraz, two schools (one for girls and one for boys) were selected from each district and two classes (one tenth grade and one eleventh grade) were randomly selected from each school. Then, 30-item questionnaires of Farahijani's perspective on the parents of Evelyn Koo (2000) (10), self-conscious questionnaire, and 16 question-based scenario-based questions of Nanji et al. (1992) were distributed and collected among the sample. It should be noted that the distorted questionnaires were discarded and the rest were analyzed (8).
Finally, descriptive statistics, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that there is no correlation between research variables (Table 1). According to Table 2, a significant difference was observed between adolescent girls and boys in the guilt variable. Thus, girls's guilt score is significantly higher than boys's guilt score. The results showed that the dimension of emotional guidance is a positive and significant predictor of guilt. But he could not directly predict the feeling of shame. Also, the dimension of emotional awareness was not a direct predictor of adolescents' moral emotions (Table 3).
Conclusion: The results showed that the component of mother's emotional awareness, which indicates the mother's awareness of her and their children's emotions and their ability to discuss the dimensions of emotions in the family, has nothing to do with children's shame and guilt. To justify this finding, it can be said that in Iranian families, discussion about emotions is less common than guidance, and parents spend more time setting boundaries and frameworks for their children. For this reason, this dimension has not been able to predict the emotions of shame and sin.
The emotional awareness dimension was not a direct predictor of adolescents' moral emotions. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to how parents are taught to improve their children's moral qualities. Factors such as marital discord, parental trauma, and poor socioeconomic conditions prevent parents from understanding and using these skills. Some behaviors of parents with their spouse or children not only do not promote moral development, but also create serious obstacles to it. Therefore, in some families, attention to the promotion of moral transformation begins with a change in destructive behavior in the family (13). It may also be argued that in Iranian families, the discussion of emotions is less common than that of guidance, and that parents spend more time setting boundaries and frameworks for their children. For this reason, this dimension has not been able to predict the moral emotions of adolescents (13).
In the present study, according to the means, it is observed that the average score of guilt of girls is significantly higher than the score of guilt of boys. This finding is in line with the findings of Baker et al. (2011) entitled "Study of the relationship between spirituality and feelings of shame and guilt in students" (7), the findings of the study of Etemad et al. (2013) entitled 9) and the findings of the research of Abbasi et al. To explain this hypothesis, it can be said that because girls are less likely than boys to commit wrongdoing and have traditionally been trained to practically be barred from doing many things, as soon as they do anything that is the slightest contradiction. With the principles and values of family and society, the feeling of guilt increases in them and they feel remorse.
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