Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

---

This study was conducted to investigate the role of cell immunity in adults suffering from chronic sinusitis who referred to Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital for endoscopic sinus surgery. CD3, CD4, CD8 & CD4/CD8 ratio in sinus mucosa of serum IgE level were all measured in the patients. The three studied groups were: chronic sinusitis with high serum IgE(28 cases), chronic sinusitis with normal range serum IgE(45 cases) and a control group with no sinusitis and normal serum IgE(10 cases). It was found out that chronic sinusitis occurred more often in persons with high serum IgE than normal range serum IgE(P=0.012). Females with serum IgE more than 100IU/ml, had a higher risk for chronic sinusitis compared to males(P=0.05, OR=2.8). CD3, CD4, CD8 counts and CD4/CD8 ratio had no correlation with age and serum IgE. CD4 to CD8 ratio in different anatomical regions of mucosa showed that CD4/CD8 in nasal cavity was greater than ethmoid sinus(2.6vs 1.9) and it was greater in ethmoid sinus than in maxillary sinus(1.9vs 0.9). Also, more CD8 lymphocytes were seen in maxillary sinus mucosa than ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal cavity, but statistically there were no significant differences between these anatomical regions. CD3 cells in nasal cavity and CD4 cells in ethmoid sinus were greater than other regions. Number of CD4 cells were significantly higher in patients with nasal polyp than in others(P=0.002). Due to several affecting factors in cellular immunity in sinus mucosa, it is necessary to perform more detailed studies in this regard.

---

 

Background: Nowadays, unstable shoes have been developed in motor activities among people. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of unstable shoes on lower extremity joints power during stance phase of running.

 

Methods: In this semi experimental study, 30 subjects (age of 21±2.27 years, mass of 72.3±8.84 kg, height of 176.9±5.39 cm) ran in barefoot, unstable and control shoe conditions. Kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded with video camera and force plate. Joint power was calculated via dot product of the joint’s moment and angular velocity of the joint. A 2 way repeated measure variances performed to test the hypothesis using SPSS software (version 20, p<0.05).

 

Results: Ankle joint negative power was reduced significantly during unstable shoe running compared to control shoe (p=0.02, 49%) and barefoot conditions (p=0.02, 35%). However there were no significant difference between shoes in hip joint. Negative power in knee joint was increased significantly in running with unstable shoe compared to hip (665%) and ankle joints (242%).

 

Conclusion: Our findings showed that use of unstable shoes may lead to decrease in controlling capacity of shank muscles and active stability in ankle joint. Unstable shoe with increase of ankle positive power compared to barefoot running, could improve the produced force capacity in quadriceps group muscles.