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Volume 7, Issue 20 (9-2000)
ABSTRACT
This study was desinged to evaluate the teratogenic effect of garthahus tinctorius (Golrang) Extract on the development of central nervous system (CNC) of suri albino variety mice. The extract was given from day 1 to 8th of preanancy with doses of 0.2, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2 mg/kg, each dose to one group of mice with 6th group serving as control. Day zero of preanancy was considered day one. On the thirteenth day fetuses were delivered by cesariah section and studied for CNS changes. Formation, changing morphology of consisting cells, inspection of lonvitudinal, internal and external diameter of various parts of neural tube and closure of neuropores, were the main indeses which were looked for. In group 1.6 and 2 mg/kg fetuses absorbed. In group 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg some changes were observed. In 1.2 mg/kg group neural tube was not obstructed but cellular chanaes Both Qualitative and Quantitative were noted.
Volume 11, Issue 39 (6-2004)
Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels is a common feature in diabetes but the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. In the present study, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings were evaluated in vitro in streptozocin-induced diabetic and age-matched control rats. Moreover, NO synthase activity of aortic endothelial cells was assessed in both diabetic and healthy rats using histochemical staining for NADPH diaphorase activity. The results showed a significant decrease of endothelium dependent relaxation in response to ACh in diabetic rings compared with control. A remarkable attenuation of eNOS activity was also observed in sections of diabetic rat aorta using NADPH diaphorase staining. Furthermore, many endothelial cell membranes were disrupted in diabetic cessations. It can be concluded that a decrease in NOS activity together with a disruption of endothelial cell membranes play a major role in endothelial dysfunction observed in diabetes.
Volume 12, Issue 46 (9-2005)
NO is a free radical that regulates a variety of developmental modulation processes. NO is synthesized by NOS and it acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator or second messenger molecule in the central nervous system. Since NO production may be different before or after birth, the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase was examined and analysized during the development of rat optic vesicle from embryonic day E14 to E18 by histochemical procedures. The samples were frozen and cut on a cryostat and then studied by using the light microscope. Expression of nNOS was first seen on E14 in cells of Cajal-Retzius located in the marginal zone of optic vesicle. NADPH-d persisted in this layer throughout the embryonic period and began to decrease on E20. On E16, the optic vesicle had four NADPH-d positive layers. On E18,NADPH-d reactivity observed at low magnification was clearly defined in the fifth layer. In the late stages, the most notable feature was a decrease in histochemical reaction of the marginal zone, i.e. the fourth layer showed less staining than the rest of the cortical plate. The observations suggested that nitric oxide is synthesized during embryonic life processes and it changes with ageing in the rates of NOS-reactive cells in embryonic life and maturation processes. These results indicate that NOS makes different contributions in the optic vesicle NO production along with ageing.
Volume 20, Issue 112 (10-2013)
Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is
one of the most common nosocomial infections among patients in Intensive Care
Unit (ICU), which has high mortality rate. Among the common agents, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common causative agents of
VAP incidence and resistance to a wide range of antibiotics is increasing. The
aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and its
drug susceptibility pattern.
Methods: This sectional
survey has carried out for a year on ICU patients of Ayatollah Kashani hospital
who received mechanical ventilation during Oct 2010 to Oct 2011. Sixty eight
samples of endotracheal tubes were collected from the patients with signs of
pulmonary infection which included fever, purulent secretions, and
leucocytosis. Samples were cultured and strains isolated were identified by
microbiological standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was
performed on isolates using disc diffusion method and results were interpreted
using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotics were
grouped into the 4 following categories: 1) Cephalosporins (Ceftazidime,
Cefepime), 2) Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), 3) Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin,
Tobramycin, and Amikacin) and 4) Carbapenems (Imipenem).
Results: Out of 68 endotracheal samples, VAP was
confirmed in 46 cases (67.7%) of these patients. The most common microorganism
recovered was P. aeruginosa (15 cases, 32.6%), others
were included: Methicillin-resistannt Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA (8
cases, 17/4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (10 cases, 21/7%), Escherichia
coli (7 cases, 15.2%), Enterobacter (3 cases, 6.5%), Acinetobacter
(2 cases, 4.3%) and 1 case of Citobacter (2.3%). 75% of P. aeruginosa
isolated were MDR (resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics) and 50% of isolates
were resistant to all classes of antibiotics.
Conclusions: Due to the
increasing prevalence of Pseudomonas MDR, developing strict protocols to
prevent increase in drug resistance bacteria appears to be necessary.
Volume 26, Issue 9 (12-2019)
Background: Brain tumors are rare and yet a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in adults. Surgical resection has been treatment of choice for brain tumors. Despite its effectiveness, surgical resection may cause various post-operatives complications such as infections, neurological deficits, and vascular damages that can lead to decrease in quality of life and survival rate and can impose great medical expenses. This study was aimed to assess related factors of medical and surgical complications after surgical brain tumors resection.
Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study performed on patients that underwent brain surgical tumor resection at Rasoul Akram Hospital of Iran University of medical science in Tehran, 2016. Age, sex, extent of resection, pathology of tumor, post-operative symptoms and complications, duration of surgery, blood loss volume during surgery, and duration of admission were collected, and analyzed with SPSS.
Results: Of 179 patients, 47.5% (85) were male, and 52.5% (94) were female. Mean patient age was 45.8 years old, and mean admission duration was 4.6 day before and 9.7 day after surgery. The most common surgical complications were hydrocephalus (13.4%) and ICH (9.5%). The most common medical complication was electrolyte disorder (13.4%). Mean surgery duration was 1 hour 40 min and mean blood loss during surgery was 542 ml.
Conclusion: Based on our study, extent of brain resection was correlated with surgical and medical complications. Older age, longer duration of admission, and longer duration of surgery were correlated with medical complications, but it was not correlated with surgical complications. Older age was correlated with higher mortality rate. Blood loss volume during surgery had no correlation with surgical or medical complications.
Volume 30, Issue 7 (10-2023)
In this regard, it can be said that ensuring the health and improving the performance of athletes is one of the main goals of physical activity and sports. Therefore, coaches and athletes try to maintain the health of athletes during training and sports competition (10). Paying attention to the above content, the importance of discovering the best training method to improve the immune system and, as a result, the performance of athletes, is of particular importance.
According to the above materials, the researchers are trying to answer the question of whether a course of MIT exercise along with niglapsin supplement (combination of black seed oil and honey) has an effect on some blood cells in LPS-Threatened model mice?
Methods: To carry out the present experimental research, 25 heads of Wistar rats, which were prepared at Razi Serum-Sazi laboratory animal breeding center and were transferred to the research center. After entering the research environment and getting acquainted with the new environment for a week, the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5: control, LPS-Threatened + solvent (sham), LPS-Threatened + exercise, LPS-Threatened + supplement and LPS- Threatened + exercise + supplement were divided. In order to create a model, Wistar rats were injected with LPS at a dose of 100 μg/kg intraperitoneally into the model groups twice a week for 2 weeks (11). In the following, the experimental groups performed the exercise program based on 50-60% of Vo2Max for 4 weeks and 3 days a week under the supervision of the researcher and received gavage supplements 5 days a week. The way of doing the exercises was that in the training group, the speed based on the maximum power of movement was on average 10.6 meters per minute at the beginning and in the second week it reached 22.8 meters per minute on average and finally reached 29 meters per minute on average. Average Vo2=75 and average Vo2Max=90.
In the training and supplement group, the average speed of the first week was 12.4 meters per minute, in the second week it was 23.2 meters per minute, and in the last week it reached 30 meters per minute. and average Vo2 = 79 and average Vo2Max = 95. Finally, the rats were anesthetized using chloroform and blood sampling was done to check the amount of blood cells. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc were used for statistical analysis of the data.
Results: Regarding the induction of the LPS model and the interventions of exercise and niglapsin supplementation, a significant difference (0.0001) has been seen between the model, exercise, supplement and model, exercise, and model, supplement groups with the model group, which indicates that the interactions Exercise and supplementation have been effective in regulating and reducing infection and inflammation in WBCs. Also, a significant difference (0.0001) has been seen between the control group and the model group, which indicates that LPS induction is effective and stimulates WBCs. In the model, exercise, supplement group, compared to the model, exercise and model, supplement groups, there was a significant difference observed (Chart 1).
According to the induction of LPS model and the interventions of exercise and niglapsin supplement, there is a significant difference (0.0001) between the groups of model, exercise, supplement with model and significant difference (0.001) of model, exercise with model and significant difference (0.01) of model, supplement with group The model has been seen, which indicates that the interactions of exercise and supplementation were effective in regulating and increasing the amount of neutrophils. Also, a significant difference (0.0001) has been seen between the control group and the model group. There was a significant difference (0.001) in the model, exercise, supplement group compared to the other model, exercise and model, supplement groups (Chart 2).
According to the induction of the LPS model and the interventions of training and niglapsin supplementation, there is a significant difference (0.0001) between the groups of model, training, supplementation with the model and a significant difference (0.01) of the model, training with the model and a significant difference (0.01) of the model, supplementation with the group The model has been seen, which indicates that the interactions of training and supplementation have been effective in regulating and reducing infection and inflammation in lymphocytes. Also, a significant difference (0.0001) has been seen between the control group and the model group. There is a significant difference (0.001) in the model, exercise, supplement group compared to the model, supplement and model, exercise groups.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the effect of exercise, supplement and supplemental exercise on the number of white blood cells, leukocytes and lymphocytes in LPS-Threatened mice. Regarding the effect of MIT exercise on blood cells, it can be said that one of the mechanisms involved in this is the change in plasma volume, if the plasma volume has increased due to exercise, and this difference in the effect of exercise on plasma volume, It is probably due to the difference in the intensity and type of exercise, or it depends on the degree of adaptation to exercise. This issue can be justified considering that aerobic exercise can increase the plasma volume. In this study, plasma gel was not measured, which is one of the limitations of the present research. In general, after exercising for a long time, if the intensity and volume of exercise lead to a decrease in plasma volume, it includes an increase in blood cells (16). In relation to the effect of niglapsin supplement alone and in interaction with MIT exercise on the research variables, we can also mention the effect of black seed and honey on the immune system. It seems reasonable now.
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