Search published articles
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Background and Aim: New progress has been made in more than one field of sports science. One of the most important and current topics in the development of this field is the science of practice. In recent years, coping with a sedentary and car-free life is of particular importance to societies today, as doing exercise programs has become an undeniable necessity for disease prevention and quality of life. Noses. According to the design of exercise science, the best type of exercise to record the best record is the exercise that becomes the same sport according to the physiological needs and had the most similarity with its competitive conditions.Therefore, better selection and design in special training for swimming and water polo training needs to be found due to the competitive competition during the working group, which needs to maintain higher physical and motor fitness. In this regard, exercise immunology studies have focused on key components of immune functions such as immune cells, immunoglobulins, glutamines and messenger molecules (cytokines) and the effects of environmental, nutritional and exercise factors. Meanwhile, interleukin10 attracts a lot of attention because on the one hand it is in the post-exercise period that increases insulin release and on the other hand it is associated with obesity and decreased insulin function. There are conflicting findings about the appropriate intensity to reduce inflammatory factors and observe the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity. Exercise with moderate and high intensity and duration in the training period has a greater effect on inflammatory variables and reduces inflammatory factors, and lower intensities have less effects. Although little research has been done on the relationship between intermittent exercise and changes in interleukin and interleukin10; But mainly in them, only nutritional and medical interventions are emphasized and more on patients. In the present study, the changes of these factors in relation to the adaptations of intense periodic training on water polo athletes without nutritional and pharmacological considerations are investigated. Finally, it seeks to answer the question, what effect does eight weeks of selected training have on the serum levels of Interleukin-10 and TNF-α elite water polo players?
Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of selected training on serum levels of IL-10,TNF-α of elite water polo players. For this purpose, 20 male water polo players (with a mean age of 23 years) were randomly divided into two groups of 10 experimental (selected water polo training) and control (traditional water polo training). Selected water polo training was performed for eight weeks and 6 sessions per week. To control the intensity of training, used percentage of maximum heart rate (80-100% MHR); Also, the intensity of training was increased by 5% every week. In this study, To evaluate the serum levels of IL-10,TNF-α 5 cc of venous blood was taken in the pre-and post-test stages and measured by sandwich ELISA method. To compare the measured means,t-test was used at a significant level of P <0.05.
Results: The results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in IL-10 levels of elite water polo players (P <0.05), however, there were no significant changes in TNF-α levels.
The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of selected water polo exercises had a significant increase in serum IL-10 level in the experimental group but these results did not show a significant increase in TNF-α serum level in the experimental group. Consistent with our research results, many studies have reported an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines after a period of exercise (29,30,31). Among the studies that examined the effect of exercise on serum interleukin-10 levels; According to the results of our study, Baldusi et al. (2010) in a study measured the effect of one year of aerobic and resistance training on diabetic patients and observed a significant increase in interleukin 10 in one of their research groups compared to the control group. The results of some studies have also shown that obesity causes the production of TNF-α, leptin and proinflammatory cytokines such as 4-IL and 5-IL in patients with asthma (8). Regarding studies close to the present study, we can refer to Nikzad et al. (2017), who showed that twelve weeks of swimming training (on mice). Has decreased the amount of proinflammatory cytokine 6-IL. Ebrahimpour et al. (2017,) also showed that 8 weeks of endurance swimming training increased the inflammatory effects of breast cancer by increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing interleukin-6 in heart tissue(3). Also, the research of Kapomakio et al. (2011) on the effect of physical exercise on swimmers, an increase in interleukin-6 expression levels and no change in interleukin-6 receptor in the training group compared to the control group was observed. Rihaneh et al. In 2013 achieved almost the same findings, so that in the studies of these researchers, 6-IL was significantly increased as a result of exercise(25). our results showed that eight weeks of selected water polo training caused significant changes in plasma levels of interleukin-10 elite water polo players, however, it could not cause significant changes in plasma levels of TNF-α.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-1999)
Present experiments was undertaken to study the possibility of vagus nerve function on the control of testosterone secretion.
For this reason the effect of right or left side vagotomy on serum testosterone concentration was studied in rats with two testes in situ and in hemicastrates. 80 male rats with 250 - 270 gr weight allocated to 8 groups. In all groups except sham vagus nerve were cut bellow the diaphragm and castration were done immediately after ·vagotomy. Testosterone concentration decreased significantly in bHateralyvagotomized, rightvagtomized and right vagotomized rats with right testes in situ. Also compensatory testicular hypertrophy was observed in right vagotomized rats and in rats which vagotomy on right was accompanied by right castration. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that the vagus nerve may playa modulatory role in the control of gonadal function.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-1999)
The ulcerogenic effect of corticosteroids has always been subject of controversial discussion. In this study, which is a part of another extensive study (the role of neutrophil in induction of gastric mucosal injury by different agents), the effect of prednisolone, as a widely used corticosteroid, on the rat gastric mucosa, was investigated. Prednisolone (1 mg/kg) induced acute mucosal injury (after 3 hours) in special regions of the rat stomach. Moderate neutropenia, induced by methotrexate, significantly reduced the prednisolone induced injury. Profound neutropenia induced by anti-neutrophil serum, completely prevented the induction of injury by prednisolone. A specific muccosal area of the rat stomach is quite similar to the mucosa of the esophagus. Neutropenia also diminished the ulcerogenic effect of prednisolone in this area. These findings suggest a role of neutrophil in induction of gastric, and probably eosophageal acute mucosal injury by prednisolone in rat. |
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-1999)
The present article reviews the current position of the etiology of mental disorders in the clinical medicine. To study the contribution of the known factors such as genetic, physical, chemical, and stress factors on the pathogenesis and etiology of mental disorders, most acceptable evidences were gathered. A part of these evidences comes from author's own work. In despite of presence of a rich Iiteratue in psychology, etiology of the psychiatry is unknown. Recent studies in half a century provide some evidence to suggest the neurochemical basis of of the physiology and pathology of the behavioral states. It appears that these neurochemical evidences would provide some suggestions to the hypothesis of mental disorders in the present decade. In this regard, the neuroscience investigations may provide some valuable contribution to the etiology of the mental disorders. |
Volume 13, Issue 51 (6-2006)
Background & Aim: Hippocampal CA1 region is the most common area in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy and piriform cortex is recognized as an important structure involved in the control of kindled seizures. This fundamental study dealt with the role of adenosine A1 receptors of piriform cortex in CA1 hippocampal kindled seizures in rats. Material & Method: We implanted a tripolar electrod in the right hippocampal CA1 and two guide cannulae in the left and right piriform cortex of all the studied animals. In fully kindled animals, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA a selective adenosine A1 receptors agonist injected at concentrations of 1,10 and 100 µm) and 1,3-dimethyl-8-cyclopenthylxantine(CPT a selective adenosine A1 receptors antagonist injected at concentrations of 10 and 20 µm) were microinfused into the piriform cortex and the animals were stimulated 5, 15 and 90 minutes after the drug injection. Results: Obtained data showed that CHA infusion at concentrations of 10 µm and 100 µm reduced afterdischarge duration(ADD), stage 5 seizure duration(S5D), and total seizure duration(SD). Stage 4 latency(S4L) did not change significantly. On the other hand, CPT injection at concentration of 20 µm increased ADD, S5D, SD and decreased S4L significantly. Infusion of CPT(10 µm) 5 minutes before CHA(100 µm) microinjection reduced the effects of CHA on seizure parameters. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the activity of adenosine A1 receptors in the piriform cortex has anticonvulsant effects on CA1 hippocampal kindled seizures.
Volume 14, Issue 55 (7-2007)
Background & Aim: In spite of the fact that many human beings suffer from chronic pain such as neuropathic pain the present clinical methods for treatment of neuropathic pain are not completely successful. 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3(1,25 Vit D3) the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, can increase neurotrophin levels and inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide synthase which both have potential roles in nociceptive processing. The presence of nuclear receptors of vitamin D in central nervous system indicates the role of this hormone in brain and spinal cord. Vitamin D deficiency in young people is one of the reasons of chronic pain such as musculoskeletal pain. The present experiment was conducted to identify the effects of 1,25 Vit D3 on pain behavior in neuropathic rat model. Materials and Methods: For this reason 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were allocated to four groups each including 10 rats. A mononeuropathy was produced by chronic constrictive injury(CCI) of the sciatic nerve. 1,25 Vit D3 was administered by an i.p. injection every 2 days during a month after CCI. In order to evaluate mechanical and cold allodynia, Von frey and acetone tests were used respectively. Rats were tested before CCI, the day after CCI, and every week following CCI. For statistical comparison, ANOVA and Newman kules were used and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Injection of Vitamin D in normal rats did not change pain threshold. Findings revealed the exaggerated responses in the group which received CCI. The group which was treated by 1,25 Vit D3 showed a significant reduction in responses in comparison with the other groups. Injection of Vitamin D increased cold allodynia from the first day of experiment and there was a signifficant difference between Vitamin D with vehicle group which lasted until the end of experiment. In regard to mechanical allodynia, there was a significant difference between vitamin D and the Vehicle group in the fourth week of experiment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 does not affect the pain threshold in normal animals but reduces abnormal pain in the rat model of neuropathy. The effect of Vitamin D on mechanical and cold allodynia came up with different initiation times and abolishes cold allodynia more effectively than mechanical allodynia. So administration of Vitamin D in clinic may provide new approach for treatment of chronic pain.
Volume 16, Issue 0 (2-2010)
Background & Aim: High frequency waves are widely used in telecommunication and cooking. The biological effects of these waves are in great attention. Increased hematological problems proposed their possible relation to the use of microwaves. Bone marrow and blood cells are the body tissues which can be affected by these waves. Ladies are more in touch with microwave oven.The age of exposure may also be an important factor. This study was carried out to evaluate hematological parameters in female mice exposed to microwave radiation at pre and post pubertal stages.
Material and Method : For this study 20 adult (2 months old, 25-28 g) and 20 immature (7 days old, 3-4 g) female mice were selected and each group was randomly divided into two groups: control and test group. Test groups were exposed to 2450 MHZ microwaves produced by microwave oven three times a day, 30 minutes each time. After 60 days blood was collected by heart puncture and hematological parameters including Hb, MCHC, MCV,total number of platelets, RBC and WBC were evaluated.
Results: In immature group, Hb, MCHC,and total number of PLT and WBC decreased significantly compared to controls, while the number of RBC did not change in both test groups. In mature group, only the number of WBC decreased and the number of platelets increased significantly compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Exposure to radiation leakage of microwave oven significantly affected hematological parameters in both mature and immature female mice. These changes were more severe in immature group. These effects may be attributed to direct effect of waves on bone marrow or peripheral blood cells.
Volume 17, Issue 78 (12-2010)
Background: Animal models of psychosocial stress are a good model for studying stress-related behavioral and endocrinological disorders in humans. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of psychosocial stress on plasma testosterone level and pain perception.
Methods: In this experiment 74 male rats (200-250 g) and 20 female rats (200-300 g) were used. In experimental groups ( S1,S2), subjects were exposed to the attacks of stimulus (dominant) rats once a day for 5 consecutive days (30 min VS 4 hr). In control groups, subjects and stimulus rats were housed in different rooms (C1) or in adjacent cages in a room (C2). Pain perception was assessed by means of the Tail flick test. Testosterone was measured by radio-immunoassay. SPSS V.11 statistical software was used for data analysis. One way ANOVA was used to evaluate the results.
Results: Psycho-social stress reduced testosterone concentration in subject groups (S1, S2). Tail flick latency decreased significantly in S2 subject group (TFL: 4.2±0.4 s) and C2 control group (TFL: 4.2±0.2 s) as compared to C1 control group (TFL: 5.9 ± 0.8s). In addition there was significant difference between two subject groups (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between subject group (S1) and control groups.
Conclusion : This study shows that psychosocial stress decreases plasma testosterone concentration and this effect is independent of length of daily encounters. But the pain perception depends on the length of daily encounters (30 min encounters did not, whereas 4 hr daily encounters did result in hyperalgesia).
Volume 17, Issue 80 (2-2011)
Introduction : Biochemical and immunological investigations have indicated cardiac dysfunction and damage with changes in cardiac markers and inflammatory cytokines after endurance exercise.Therefore, there is a rational background to study the effect of cardiac pathophysiology during endurance exercise.This study was undertaken to determine the effect of endurance exercise on cardiac and inflammatory markers in elite kayakers.
Methods : Male professional kayakers with mean age of 22.5±3.24yr, mean weight 78.7±7.18 kg and mean height of 184± 4.357cm participated in a quasi-experimental study. Participants kayakied 8000 meters with 75-80% heart rate for 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and three hours after a prolonged endurance kayaking. Repeated measures followed independ t-test used for statistical analysis. SPSS v>16 was used for analysis.
Results : NT-proBNP levels significantly increased (24.05 vs 19.362 pg/ml) (p<0.001) .The plasma IL-6 insignificantly decreased in response to prolonged endurance kayaking (0.755 to 0.74 pg/ml)(p=0.91). There was no association between IL-6 and NT-proBNP levels after exercise.
Conclusion: Exercise-induced increase in NT-proBNP may represent physiologic reaction under special conditions and seems to have no significant pathological effect in the athletes . Decreased IL-6 plasma levels did not indicate myocardial damage. Based on thge results of this study endurance exercise does not effect the cardiac dysfunction and structural myocardial damage.
Volume 18, Issue 86 (8-2011)
Background: The prevalence of obesity and its complications is rapidly increasing worldwide. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of 10 week progressive resistance training on serum levels of adiponectin and lipid profiles in obese men.
Methods: In semi-experimental study, Sixteen obese men (Body Mass Index≥ 30, 18-32 years)) were selected between voluntary subjects and located randomize in to two resistance training (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. The experimental subjects received resistance training program. Progressive resistance training was performed three times a week on alternate days for 10 weeks and included 8 exercises. At baseline and after 10 weeks, Blood samples were taken in 12-14 hours fasting state from all subjects and investigated blood lipid profiles and adiponectin pre-post protocol. The paired and unpaired t-test in <0.05 significantly level were used in the statistical analysis.
Results : Compared to pre-training, after 10 weeks progressive resistance training, the serum adiponectin levels significantly increased (P<0.05) and total cholesterol levels significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the training group, while it remained unchanged in control subjects (P>0.05).
Conclusion : According to this study, resistance training because of anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects has been an effective therapeutic devise to favorable changes in lipid profiles and adiponectin levels in obese individuals.
Volume 19, Issue 95 (5-2012)
Background: The research show that the relationship between antioxidant markers with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers levels changes was not clear , so the purpose of this study is investigation of relationship between total antioxidant status with creatine phosphokinase and hydrogen peroxide in the athlete girls influenced by acute exercise training
Method: This study was a semi-experimental research with a repeated measures design and 25 athlete girls within the age range of 21-24 years old volunteered to participate in the research after having expressed their consent through a consent form. Blood sample were collected in the three stages pre of GXT ( Graded exercise test) exercise test (grade: 5%, speed: 12 km/h, time: 20 minutes), immediately and 3 h after exercise test ( recovery phase ). Auto analyzer device was used for measurement of total antioxidant status, H2O2 and CPK level, also mixed model methods used for statically analysis.
Result : Total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration was faced with a significance increase after of exercise training (p≤ 0/031) (0.89 ± 0.16 ), but mixed model analysis indicated TAS levels has been reduced in 3h after exercise (p≥ 0/065) ( 0.88 ± 0.15 ). Plasma levels of hydrogen peroxide has not significantly changed after exercise (p≥ 0/255) ( 2.84 ± 1.38 ), and this increase was significant only in the recovery phase (p≤ 0/029) ( 3.04 ± 1.16 ), also CPK levels has been significance increased in both phases after exercise and recovery phase (p1≤ 0/031, p2≤0.002) ( 96 ± 18 and 90 ± 19).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the immune system in athlete girls by increasing in antioxidants levels, can prevented the tissue injury caused from CPK H2O2 in response to acute exercise training . And Contrary to popular belief , CPK enzymes are effective role in stimulate of antioxidant response in athlete girls.
Volume 21, Issue 123 (9-2014)
Background : Bone mineral density reduction is a problem that can lead to osteoporosis. Physical activity can be effective on the prevention of osteoporosis by some mechanisms such as changing in anthropometrics variables. The goal of this study was to evaluate bone mass density and some of anthropometrics variables and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes men.
Methods : Thirty athlete and 30 non-athlete men aged 50-70 participated in this research. Their bone mass density and anthropometrics variables included weight, fat mass, muscle mass, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip circumference ratio were measured. We used independent t-test and Pearson correlation to analyze data.
Results : Significantly, in athlete group, femur and lumbar bone mass density and muscle mass were higher than non-athlete group (p>0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between bone mass density with weight (p>0.005), muscle mass (p>0.001) and height (p>0.005). However, the result showed that just in athlete group there was positive considerable connection between femur bone mass density and muscle mass (p>0.001).
Conclusion : Regular physical activity with adequate time and intensity can affect on relation between bone mineral density and anthropometric variables through increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density. Therefore while comparing the research results individuals’ athletic or non-athletic status need to be noticed.
Volume 27, Issue 7 (10-2020)
Background: Today, social innovation is an important and vital issue in societies (3). Social innovation is more effective, efficient and sustainable than previous strategies and creates value and benefit for the whole society instead of individuals. In fact, social innovation refers to strategies, strategies or concepts that address the problems and needs of society in a more appropriate way than previous strategies and methods (8). On the other hand, global statistics for estimating innovation and innovation growth remind us of the existence of a serious gap among Iranian organizations to develop the possibility of innovation and emphasize the lack of a serious mechanism among Iranian organizations for innovation as a dynamic and continuous power (9).
Mental health is another important category and one of the most important aspects of public health that plays a decisive role in the individual and social life of individuals. Mental health, according to the definition of the World Health Organization, not only indicates the absence of mental disorders, but also provides favorable conditions for individuals to be able to realize their talents and abilities; Adapted to the usual stresses of life; Work productively and take beneficial actions for the community (10).
In general, explaining social innovation can enhance the awareness and knowledge of organizational factors in its realization by deepening the understanding of the importance of social innovation. On the other hand, due to the importance of mental health, unfortunately, little research has been done on this important component, and on the other hand, no research has been done on the impact of social innovation on citizens' mental health. So the question is, what is the pattern of social innovation and its impact on consumer behavior and mental health?
Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is an exploratory type based on structural equation modeling. This research consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Interview tools and Delphi technique were used to collect data in the qualitative section. The team participating in the qualitative part of the research consisted of academic experts and managers of road and urban planning departments of Golestan province to reach a consensus of opinions. By snowball sampling method based on managerial expertise, 50 experts were identified and selected to participate in research and conduct semi-structured interviews, considering their doctoral education and at least ten years of experience.
In the quantitative part of the study, the citizens of Golestan province were selected as the statistical population and due to the uncertain and large size of the population using the Cochran's formula, 384 people were estimated as the statistical sample and sampling at this stage was done by cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire for social innovation variable, Lerman (2006) standard questionnaire for consumer behavior and general health questionnaire (GHO) for mental health.
Results: The Delphi method was performed in three stages. In the first stage, using the interview tool, the content analysis approach by fuzzy Delphi method, a preliminary list of concepts was prepared and approved by experts (33 concepts were examined) and then with the opinion of the expert team and the existing theoretical foundations of the approved concepts. It was categorized into more general components and was surveyed by experts for the second and third stages (the concepts were divided into 6 components). Finally, the difference between the average views of experts in the second and third stages of fuzzy Delphi is given. In the next step, confirmatory factor analysis method was used to validate the approved components and concepts. In the last step, the final model was presented using a quantitative method of path analysis.
It was also found that the model for measuring social innovation has a good fit. Based on this, it is determined that the selected indicators have the necessary proportionality with the operating basis of the research design. Finally, the standardized path coefficients and the significance of the coefficients showed that social innovation has a direct and significant effect on consumer behavior and mental health (p<0.001, t = 47.571, β = 0.821).
Conclusion: As the results showed, social innovation has a direct and significant effect on consumer behavior and social innovation can explain 96% of consumer behavior. Regarding the effect of social innovation on consumer behavior, no similar research has been done, which is considered as an innovation of this research. Batquisin (2009) stated that the social system shapes social innovation and in contrast, social innovation affects the social system. In his opinion, society, non-governmental organizations, governmental and public institutions and private companies are among the most important actors in social innovation (13).
On the other hand, the results showed that social innovation has a direct impact on consumer mental health. A review of research conducted in and outside the country did not find research that examined the impact of social innovation on mental health. However, as researchers have pointed out, social innovation is a new mechanism that increases the well-being of those who adopt it compared to the status quo (18) on the other hand, it is one of the things that provides well-being. It is a health issue and health includes three dimensions of physical health, mental health and social health (10). Therefore, the effect of social innovation on mental health in the present study seems logical.
According to the research results, it is suggested that in studies, researches, decisions, actions, etc. in the field of social innovation, the foundations of values and social culture as a fixed and sustainable strategy should always be seriously considered, as well as the principle of popular innovation. Social attentionibed.
Volume 28, Issue 12 (3-2022)
Drug delivery systems based on nanoscience and nanomedicine are relatively new and evolving. In this method, nanoscale materials are used as diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to controlled locations in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology helps to treat chronic human diseases by sending accurate and targeted drugs. A number of drug delivery systems recently had successful results; however, there are still specific challenges that need to be addressed to equip these systems with advanced technology for successful drug delivery to target areas. Drugs with very low solubility have many problems, including limited bioavailability, lower diffusion capacity in the outer membrane, larger intravenous injections, and side effects. All of these limitations can be overcome by using nanotechnology methods in the drug delivery mechanism. Nanomaterials deliver drugs in two ways: indirectly and by themselves. In the first case, the drugs are mainly located in the internal hydrophobic cavity, and when the nanomaterials reach their desired location, due to the low content of drugs trapped in the hydrophobic environment, the desired amount of drug is released. In the latter case, however, the drugs intended for release are combined directly with the carrier nanomaterials for easy delivery. In this method, the release time is very important because the drug may not reach the desired location and separate from the carrier, thus reducing its activity and effectiveness.
Theranostic has been proposed as one of the newest approaches in nano that the operation of identification, treatment and tracking is done after simultaneous treatment. Therefore, tranostics can be considered as a suitable treatment strategy for personal medicine, pharmacogenomics and molecular imaging in order to find a way to develop new therapies and to use better molecular understanding to select more effective drugs. Finally, researchers believe that tranostics can monitor response to therapies and increase the safety and efficacy of the drug, prevent inappropriate treatment of patients, and ultimately reduce costs significantly.
Types of nanoparticles are involved in drug delivery to the central nervous system. There are countless biopolymer materials used in drug delivery systems. Polymer nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers as pharmaceutical carriers. In recent years, due to the high ability to release the drug gently, the possibility of loading large amounts of drugs and preventing the destruction of the drug has attracted much attention. In this system, drugs are either trapped or attached by covalent bonding to a polymer matrix. In addition, polymer nanoparticles are used to improve the surface quality, which can increase the efficiency of drug adsorption. Nanoliposomes are nanostructures that result from the self-assembly of lipid molecules in aqueous solution. Phospholipid lipid-friendly molecules come together in such a way that the head of their friend's water faces outwards and the tail of their water escapes inwards, forming a bilayer spherical membrane. This type of orientation makes it possible to load hydrophilic drugs in the nucleus, and hydrophobic drugs in the liposome shell. Dendrimers are spherical three-dimensional structures whose surface is easily activated by a controlled method. Drug loading in dendrimers occurs through simple confinement mechanisms, electrostatic interaction, and covalent bonding. Despite the use of polymers in drug delivery systems, dendrimers easily cross biological barriers due to their properties such as limited polydispersity and nanometer dimensions. Dendrimers can carry molecules by receptors on their surface or encapsulate them in cavities between branches. Solid lipid nanoparticles are colloidal structures that can be prepared by emulsification and reduced to submicrometers using mechanical forces. The average size of solid lipid nanoparticles is between 40 and 1000 nm. These structures have the ability to carry drugs and active substances in their lipid fraction, thus protecting the substance from environmental damage. As a result, this range of nanoparticles can be used to transport drugs and prolong their effectiveness.
The use of nanotechnology to increase drug delivery to the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier without eliminating it can be promising in the treatment of neurological diseases. Producing nanoscale structures for the treatment of CNS diseases is a challenging task. In designing a nanoscale drug delivery system, the necessary conditions for adaptation to brain tissue such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug release biology, precise pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, maximum therapeutic effects and minimum side effects must be considered. Recent advances in molecular cell biology and the effective development of new medical technologies demonstrate a fundamental understanding of CNS barriers, in particular the blood-brain barrier, which is one of the innate protective structures of the human brain against internal and external molecules, especially drugs. According to this study, nanotechnology-based drugs protect the nervous system and prevent the increase in the severity of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, MS, HD and other neurological diseases.
| Page 1 from 1 |
© 2025 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb