Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-9 |
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Research code: مقاله مستخرج از پایان نامه است
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1402.001
Clinical trials code: مقاله مستخرج از پایان نامه است
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Kiani E, Ghazalian F. The Effect of Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Vitamin C Consumption with a Mask on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Men of the National Rowing Team. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-9
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8638-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8638-en.html
1- Master's Student in Sports Physiology Sports Nutrition, Research Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Research Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,farghazaliyan@gmail.com
2- Associate Professor, Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Research Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (1840 Views)
Background & Aims: Rowing is a very technical and physiologically challenging sport with very hard endurance training that has become increasingly competitive (3). In order to achieve the desired performance, exercise design is very important and should be done by examining anthropometric, physiological, biomechanical and psychological factors (4).
By examining in the last few decades, it is clear that various methods such as weight training and high-intensity interval training have been used to strengthen the power of national athletes in the field of rowing, and as an effective method, they have received the attention of modern coaches in this field. has taken (6).
In relation to the consumption of vitamin C, limited research has also been done, which has also brought contradictory results, and this issue is the attraction of research works, especially in athletes, who have very little research on its relationship with inflammatory indicators, which in this research are interleukin 6 and hs-CRP. On the other hand, respiratory masks are part of the non-medicinal interventions that are used during the outbreak of infectious diseases or to prevent the entry of suspended particles into the respiratory system. Masks are used in two ways or to prevent the entry of suspended particles into the respiratory system.
According to the above materials, the researchers are trying to answer the question of whether eight weeks of intensive intermittent training and vitamin C consumption with a mask have an effect on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the men of the national rowing team.
Methods: In order to carry out this semi-experimental research, which was carried out with the research design of three experimental subjects and one control group in two stages of pre-test and post-test, 48 people were randomly selected among male athletes aged 22 to 27 years in the preparatory camp of the national rowing team. As a sample, randomly selected into four groups (intense intermittent training group or Co control group, 2) intermittent intense training group + mask or Ma group, 3) intense intermittent training group + vitamin C or VC group, and 4) intense intermittent training group + mask + Vitamin C or Ma + VC group were divided. Subjects in the vitamin C group consumed 500 mg daily immediately after training (16). The training program was implemented for eight weeks, 6 sessions per week and each session lasted 120 minutes. In the beginning, 15 minutes were spent warming up and preparing the body, 90 minutes were spent performing (specialized HIIT) exercises, and the last 15 minutes were spent cooling down the body and returning to the initial active state. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) in the form of tables and graphs, analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc LSD test were used using spss software for statistical analysis of data.
Results: The results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that time, group and the interactive effect of time and group on hs-CRP concentration were significant (P<0.05). In the following, the results of the post-test LSD showed that there was no significant difference between all four groups in the pre-test stage. However, after eight weeks of intensive periodic training, vitamin C supplementation and the use and non-use of masks, a significant decrease in the concentration of hs-CRP was observed in all groups in the post-test stage except for the two groups (vitamin C - vitamin C + mask). P < 0.05). So that there is a significant difference between mask group - vitamin C group, mask group - mask + vitamin C group, vitamin C group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, mask group - control group and between vitamin C group - The control group was observed in the post-test.
Regarding the IL-6 variable, the results showed that the time effect is not significant, but the group-time interaction effect and the group effect are significant. In the following, the results of the LSD follow-up test showed that after eight weeks of intensive periodic training, vitamin C supplementation, and the use and non-use of masks, a decrease in the concentration of IL-6 was observed in all groups, but in the post-test phase, in three groups of training + mask with exercise+vitamin C, exercise+mask+vitamin C with exercise+vitamin C and exercise+mask with exercise; No significant change was observed. Meanwhile, a significant change was observed in the amount of IL-6 in the rest of the groups. So that there is a significant difference between mask group - vitamin C group, mask group - mask + vitamin C group, vitamin C group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, mask group - control group and between vitamin C group - There is a significant difference in the control group in the post-test.
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that after 8 weeks, there is a significant decrease in hs-CRP in the intermittent intensive + mask + vitamin C groups (Ma + VC group) and intermittent intensive + vitamin C (VC group), but there is a decrease in the intermittent intensive groups. + mask (Ma group) and periodic intensity (control Co) are not significant. Maybe a longer period of time than exercises is needed to achieve effectiveness, and the use of supplements accelerates its recovery, which is related to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin C and inhibits the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as CRP and IL-6. reduces (17). It seems that intense intermittent exercise can inhibit NF-κB transcription factor and prevent gene expression of inflammatory factors by increasing energy expenditure and activating the AMPK signaling pathway, in addition to improving body composition (18). Therefore, the synergistic effect between these two interventions was observed regarding hs-CRP. In fact, the anti-inflammatory potential of exercise increases with the presence of vitamin C on the reduction of the hs-CRP inflammatory index (19). On the other hand, it is possible that by producing anti-inflammatory myokines such as IL-6, it improves the oxidation of fats and by activating AMPK, it leads to an improvement in body composition and a reduction in the production of inflammatory factors that are effective in creating CRP (20).
Regarding interleukin 6, after eight weeks of intervention, in the post-test stage in three groups: exercise + mask with exercise + vitamin C, exercise + mask + vitamin C with exercise + vitamin C and exercise + mask with exercise; No significant change was observed. Meanwhile, in the rest of the groups, including mask group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, and vitamin C group - control group, a significant decrease in the amount of IL-6 was observed. It seems that interleukin-6 has a pro-inflammatory effect in resting conditions, when it is released from fat cells (25). But during exercise, it acts as a myokine and has an anti-inflammatory effect and will cause the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-1rα(25). IL-6 has several anti-inflammatory functions, characterized by inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β production in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (26). Also, IL-6 stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane and causes insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles (27).
By examining in the last few decades, it is clear that various methods such as weight training and high-intensity interval training have been used to strengthen the power of national athletes in the field of rowing, and as an effective method, they have received the attention of modern coaches in this field. has taken (6).
In relation to the consumption of vitamin C, limited research has also been done, which has also brought contradictory results, and this issue is the attraction of research works, especially in athletes, who have very little research on its relationship with inflammatory indicators, which in this research are interleukin 6 and hs-CRP. On the other hand, respiratory masks are part of the non-medicinal interventions that are used during the outbreak of infectious diseases or to prevent the entry of suspended particles into the respiratory system. Masks are used in two ways or to prevent the entry of suspended particles into the respiratory system.
According to the above materials, the researchers are trying to answer the question of whether eight weeks of intensive intermittent training and vitamin C consumption with a mask have an effect on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the men of the national rowing team.
Methods: In order to carry out this semi-experimental research, which was carried out with the research design of three experimental subjects and one control group in two stages of pre-test and post-test, 48 people were randomly selected among male athletes aged 22 to 27 years in the preparatory camp of the national rowing team. As a sample, randomly selected into four groups (intense intermittent training group or Co control group, 2) intermittent intense training group + mask or Ma group, 3) intense intermittent training group + vitamin C or VC group, and 4) intense intermittent training group + mask + Vitamin C or Ma + VC group were divided. Subjects in the vitamin C group consumed 500 mg daily immediately after training (16). The training program was implemented for eight weeks, 6 sessions per week and each session lasted 120 minutes. In the beginning, 15 minutes were spent warming up and preparing the body, 90 minutes were spent performing (specialized HIIT) exercises, and the last 15 minutes were spent cooling down the body and returning to the initial active state. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) in the form of tables and graphs, analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc LSD test were used using spss software for statistical analysis of data.
Results: The results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that time, group and the interactive effect of time and group on hs-CRP concentration were significant (P<0.05). In the following, the results of the post-test LSD showed that there was no significant difference between all four groups in the pre-test stage. However, after eight weeks of intensive periodic training, vitamin C supplementation and the use and non-use of masks, a significant decrease in the concentration of hs-CRP was observed in all groups in the post-test stage except for the two groups (vitamin C - vitamin C + mask). P < 0.05). So that there is a significant difference between mask group - vitamin C group, mask group - mask + vitamin C group, vitamin C group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, mask group - control group and between vitamin C group - The control group was observed in the post-test.
Regarding the IL-6 variable, the results showed that the time effect is not significant, but the group-time interaction effect and the group effect are significant. In the following, the results of the LSD follow-up test showed that after eight weeks of intensive periodic training, vitamin C supplementation, and the use and non-use of masks, a decrease in the concentration of IL-6 was observed in all groups, but in the post-test phase, in three groups of training + mask with exercise+vitamin C, exercise+mask+vitamin C with exercise+vitamin C and exercise+mask with exercise; No significant change was observed. Meanwhile, a significant change was observed in the amount of IL-6 in the rest of the groups. So that there is a significant difference between mask group - vitamin C group, mask group - mask + vitamin C group, vitamin C group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, mask group - control group and between vitamin C group - There is a significant difference in the control group in the post-test.
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that after 8 weeks, there is a significant decrease in hs-CRP in the intermittent intensive + mask + vitamin C groups (Ma + VC group) and intermittent intensive + vitamin C (VC group), but there is a decrease in the intermittent intensive groups. + mask (Ma group) and periodic intensity (control Co) are not significant. Maybe a longer period of time than exercises is needed to achieve effectiveness, and the use of supplements accelerates its recovery, which is related to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin C and inhibits the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as CRP and IL-6. reduces (17). It seems that intense intermittent exercise can inhibit NF-κB transcription factor and prevent gene expression of inflammatory factors by increasing energy expenditure and activating the AMPK signaling pathway, in addition to improving body composition (18). Therefore, the synergistic effect between these two interventions was observed regarding hs-CRP. In fact, the anti-inflammatory potential of exercise increases with the presence of vitamin C on the reduction of the hs-CRP inflammatory index (19). On the other hand, it is possible that by producing anti-inflammatory myokines such as IL-6, it improves the oxidation of fats and by activating AMPK, it leads to an improvement in body composition and a reduction in the production of inflammatory factors that are effective in creating CRP (20).
Regarding interleukin 6, after eight weeks of intervention, in the post-test stage in three groups: exercise + mask with exercise + vitamin C, exercise + mask + vitamin C with exercise + vitamin C and exercise + mask with exercise; No significant change was observed. Meanwhile, in the rest of the groups, including mask group - mask + vitamin C group, control group - mask + vitamin C group, and vitamin C group - control group, a significant decrease in the amount of IL-6 was observed. It seems that interleukin-6 has a pro-inflammatory effect in resting conditions, when it is released from fat cells (25). But during exercise, it acts as a myokine and has an anti-inflammatory effect and will cause the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-1rα(25). IL-6 has several anti-inflammatory functions, characterized by inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β production in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (26). Also, IL-6 stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane and causes insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles (27).
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Exercise Physiology
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