Volume 29, Issue 1 (3-2022)
RJMS 2022, 29(1): 208-221 |
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Afsharpour P, Mansouri F. Comparing the Effectiveness of Solution-Oriented Intervention and Parent/Child Interaction Training on Behavioral Problems (Internalization and Externalization) of Adolescents. RJMS 2022; 29 (1) :208-221
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8631-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8631-en.html
Master of Family Counseling, Counseling Department, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran , Afsharpourparia94@gmail.com
Abstract: (206 Views)
Background & Aims: Adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood that make up a large part of the world's population, in many countries, about 40 to 50 percent of people are under 18 years of age, and this is the important of paying attention to It shows the mental and behavioral health of teenagers. This period is characterized by the increase of stress factors in different areas of life in a way that is full of conflict and fluctuation between dependence and independence. During the changes specific to this period, teenagers may show certain behavioral problems that can have a great impact on their future and if these behavioral problems are not taken seriously, they will lead to adverse consequences in adulthood. Therefore, emotional and behavioral problems can appear simultaneously or separately during adolescence. Behavioral problems are chronic extreme and deviant behaviors that include aggressive actions or sudden excitement to depressive and withdrawn actions, which internalized and externalizing behavioral problems are the most widely and widely used classification of these problems. The wide range of behavioral problems based on Achenbach's perspective includes two categories of externalized problems such as; Exaggeration, conflict and aggression, as well as internalized problems such as withdrawal, isolation and depression. The research showed that the period of adolescence in relation to the processing of social information leads to many behavioral problems such as aggression, social isolation, etc. Internalized behavioral problems include symptoms of depression/anxiety, withdrawal/depression, and physical complaints that usually bother the individual, and externalized behavioral problems are incompatible behavior patterns that conflict with other people (such as aggression, disciplinary problems, conflict, excitement, delinquency, uncontrollable behaviors, etc.) are placed. In fact, these behavioral problems appear in teenagers and represent the negative effect of these children on the internal and external environment; therefore, while they affect the person himself; they will cause problems for others. Therefore, due to the increasing importance of this type of behavioral problems, the necessity of intervention and training specific to this problem is important. Considering the increasing prevalence of behavioral problems among adolescents in today's Iranian society, and a significant percentage of them are suffering from behavioral problems that can lead to costs for themselves and their families on the one hand, and for society on the other hand; Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the behavioral problems of this group of children, and on the other hand, due to the influence of different approaches, the present study prompted the researcher to use the intervention based on parent-child interaction as a relatively new approach in Iran and compare its effect with the therapy. Solving the gap of previous studies regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of these two approaches on the component of adolescent behavioral problems. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and parent/child interaction training on behavioral problems (internalization and externalization) of adolescents.
Methods: The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design along with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all male and female students of the first and second secondary schools in Anbarabad city, Kerman city in the first year of 1402. 45 students from the said community were screened and selected as the final sample and were replaced in two experimental groups (intervention based on parent-child interaction and solution-oriented therapy), 15 people and a control group (15 people) in a completely random way. The data collection tool included the Achenbach Child Behavior Problems Inventory (CBCL). To analyze the data, mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test with SPSS-26 software were used.
Results: The findings showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-child interaction training on internalized (anxiety, depression, isolation, and physical complaints) and externalized (law-breaking behavior) problems has been effective and has reduced these problems. Also, the results showed that solution-oriented therapy was more effective in reducing internalized problems and externalized problems compared to Wald-Cook interaction training.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-child interaction training have an effect on the behavioral problems of adolescents and these approaches can be used to improve their behavioral problems. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for parents of teenagers with behavioral problems in order to reduce them and improve the mother-child relationship in teenagers to make them resistant to behavioral problems and life challenges. In explaining the results obtained from the present research regarding the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on behavioral problems, it can be said that this type of intervention and training is a therapeutic method that emphasizes training parents to improve relationships with children and solve their behavioral problems. On the one hand, a harsh, dry, and bigoted family atmosphere makes possible the emergence of behavioral disorders, and on the other hand, many behavioral problems of children and adolescents are rooted in negative parent-child interactions. Parents' negative behaviors such as shouting and threatening strengthen children's negative behaviors such as irresponsibility, which worsens parents' behaviors and this cycle continues. Since parent-child interaction group training aims to break the cycle of parent-child negative behaviors by encouraging positive parent-child interactions, parents' behavioral stability, and parents' use of non-violent discipline techniques, this therapy can have an effective role in reducing children's behavioral problems. It can also be said that in this treatment model, people have the skills to solve their problems, but they are unable to use their strengths and abilities. Considering that solution-oriented therapy emphasizes cognitive processes such as repetition of skills, organization of thoughts, and expansion of daily activities, therefore, it is not far from expected that solution-oriented therapy is more than education. Parent-child interaction can cause a stable reduction of internalized and externalized behavior problems in adolescents.
Methods: The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design along with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all male and female students of the first and second secondary schools in Anbarabad city, Kerman city in the first year of 1402. 45 students from the said community were screened and selected as the final sample and were replaced in two experimental groups (intervention based on parent-child interaction and solution-oriented therapy), 15 people and a control group (15 people) in a completely random way. The data collection tool included the Achenbach Child Behavior Problems Inventory (CBCL). To analyze the data, mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test with SPSS-26 software were used.
Results: The findings showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-child interaction training on internalized (anxiety, depression, isolation, and physical complaints) and externalized (law-breaking behavior) problems has been effective and has reduced these problems. Also, the results showed that solution-oriented therapy was more effective in reducing internalized problems and externalized problems compared to Wald-Cook interaction training.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study showed that solution-oriented therapy and parent-child interaction training have an effect on the behavioral problems of adolescents and these approaches can be used to improve their behavioral problems. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for parents of teenagers with behavioral problems in order to reduce them and improve the mother-child relationship in teenagers to make them resistant to behavioral problems and life challenges. In explaining the results obtained from the present research regarding the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on behavioral problems, it can be said that this type of intervention and training is a therapeutic method that emphasizes training parents to improve relationships with children and solve their behavioral problems. On the one hand, a harsh, dry, and bigoted family atmosphere makes possible the emergence of behavioral disorders, and on the other hand, many behavioral problems of children and adolescents are rooted in negative parent-child interactions. Parents' negative behaviors such as shouting and threatening strengthen children's negative behaviors such as irresponsibility, which worsens parents' behaviors and this cycle continues. Since parent-child interaction group training aims to break the cycle of parent-child negative behaviors by encouraging positive parent-child interactions, parents' behavioral stability, and parents' use of non-violent discipline techniques, this therapy can have an effective role in reducing children's behavioral problems. It can also be said that in this treatment model, people have the skills to solve their problems, but they are unable to use their strengths and abilities. Considering that solution-oriented therapy emphasizes cognitive processes such as repetition of skills, organization of thoughts, and expansion of daily activities, therefore, it is not far from expected that solution-oriented therapy is more than education. Parent-child interaction can cause a stable reduction of internalized and externalized behavior problems in adolescents.
Keywords: Solution-Oriented Therapy, Parent/Child Interaction Training, Behavioral Problems, Teenagers
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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