Volume 32, Issue 1 (3-2025)
RJMS 2025, 32(1): 1-12 |
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Research code: IR.IAU.TON.REC.1400.039
Ethics code: IR.IAU.TON.REC.1400.039
Clinical trials code: IR.IAU.TON.REC.1400.039
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Eslamnia R. Presenting a Structural Model of Body Image based on Sexual Schemas, Personality Type, Attitude to Eating with the Mediation of Perfectionism in People with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. RJMS 2025; 32 (1) :1-12
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8297-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8297-en.html
PhD Student in Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran , roghayeheslamnia@gmail.com
Abstract: (1760 Views)
Background & Aims: Desire for beauty has existed in human nature since long ago. The tendency to beauty is a completely natural feeling shared by all humans. One of the important aspects that shape people's identity and self-esteem is physical appearance and body image. Body image does not only affect emotions, but actively affects behavior, self-esteem and psychopathology. Since personality traits are one of the most fundamental and important factors that can play a role in people's body image and the decisions they will make for their bodies in the future, characteristics such as perfectionism also play a role in the formation of body image and with regard to destruction mental and physical problems mentioned in people with body deformity disorder that has a direct impact on the quality of life, so that these people report higher levels of quality of life destruction, which in addition to affecting the quality of life, academic/occupational performance, social life/ Enjoyable activities and responsibilities of family/home life are also affected. Conducting this research, presenting a structural model of body image based on personality type with the mediation of perfectionism in people with body deformity disorder referring to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province was done.
Methods: The current research method is correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). According to Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. Data collection tools: Tan Sooto and Garcia's (2002) body image satisfaction scale, Costa and McCrae's (1992) personality type scale, Trishort's perfectionism scale et al. (1995). The entry criteria were: 1. Women's gender; 2. People referring to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province; 3. non-selection of people who perform cosmetic surgery due to medical problems and the exclusion criteria were: people who were undergoing psychotherapy during the examination. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling.
Results: The results showed that 62 people (18.8 percent) of the participants were under 25 years old, 86 people (26.1 percent) were 26 to 30 years old, 98 people (29.7 percent) were 31 to 35 percent, 35 people (6.6 percent) 10 percent) were 36 to 40 years old and 49 people (14.8 percent) were more than 40 years old and among them, 117 people (35.5 percent) were single, 174 people (52.7 percent) were married and 39 people (8 (11%) had separated from their spouses. The level of education of the participants was 65 (19.7 percent) below diploma, 96 (29.1 percent) diploma, 14 (4.2 percent) postgraduate, 108 (32.7 percent) bachelor and 47 (14.3 percent) was graduate and above.
The coefficient of the total path between the factor of neuroticism and body image (p=0.001, β=0.367) is negative and the coefficients of the total path between extraversion (p=0.001, β=0.242), conscientiousness (0.001) p=0, β=0.168) and agreement (p=0.001, β=0.186) with the body image is positive and significant. Based on this, it can be concluded that among the personality types, neuroticism and extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness have a positive and significant relationship with body image in people with body deformity disorder who refer to beauty clinics.
Also, the indirect path between extroversion (p=0.004, β=0.083) and conscientiousness (p=0.001, β=0.130) with positive body image and the indirect path coefficient between personality neuroticism factor and the tone image (p=0.001, β=0.160) is negative and significant. Next, in order to determine the significance or non-significance of the mediator role of each of the three mediator variables, Baron and Kenny's formula was used. Table 18-4 shows the mediating role of positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism in explaining the relationship between personality types and body image.
Also, the indirect path coefficient between neuroticism and body image through negative perfectionism (p=0.039, β=0.041) is negative, the indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness and body image (p=0.005, 068 and the indirect path coefficient between extraversion and body image (p=0.016, β=0.046) through perfectionism is positive and significant. Based on this, it was concluded that positive perfectionism mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and personality extraversion with body image in a positive way, and negative perfectionism mediates the relationship between personality neuroticism and body image in a negative and meaningful way.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that there is a mediated relationship between personality type and body image in people with body deformities. There is also a relationship between body image in people with body deformity with the mediation of perfectionism. The results of the research are in line with the findings of Ribing, Marquiardet et al. (32), Rohan Gupta et al.
Fernin (35) showed in his research that there is a strong relationship between sexual avoidance and self-awareness and body image. Stozin and Rohrich (36) investigated body image and mental well-being in 91 women aged 18 and above, the results showed that body image is significantly related to mental well-being.
In a study, Chen et al. (37) investigated the effect of body image on high-risk sexual behaviors in 1547 women. The results showed that poor body image predicts risky sexual behavior. Different dimensions of body image have important consequences on the physical and mental health of people; For example, body dissatisfaction decreases self-esteem as well as increases depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, and the consequences of body image concerns related to risky behaviors can have the greatest impact on sexual experience. Cindy et al. (38) acknowledged that body image (for example, specific to sexual intercourse) has a greater effect on sexual experience than trait level assessments (evaluative or emotional assessments). Similarly, misleading thoughts about the body are strongly related to sexual health disorder, as shown in a sample assessed on Portuguese adult women, interestingly, Busby and Fatahi (39), concluded that sexual schema is influenced by the image. It is not physical. The differences in these findings are probably the result of the differences in the characteristics of the samples. Eisenpach's sample (40) includes married and unmarried men and women.
According to Hertonston et al.'s cognitive behavioral theory (41), the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder. Research has shown that negative body image is related to poor self-esteem, poor gender identity, depression, eating disorders and body deformity.
Therefore, by identifying the factors that lead people to cosmetic surgery, its negative side effects can be kept away to a great extent.
Methods: The current research method is correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). According to Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. Data collection tools: Tan Sooto and Garcia's (2002) body image satisfaction scale, Costa and McCrae's (1992) personality type scale, Trishort's perfectionism scale et al. (1995). The entry criteria were: 1. Women's gender; 2. People referring to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province; 3. non-selection of people who perform cosmetic surgery due to medical problems and the exclusion criteria were: people who were undergoing psychotherapy during the examination. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling.
Results: The results showed that 62 people (18.8 percent) of the participants were under 25 years old, 86 people (26.1 percent) were 26 to 30 years old, 98 people (29.7 percent) were 31 to 35 percent, 35 people (6.6 percent) 10 percent) were 36 to 40 years old and 49 people (14.8 percent) were more than 40 years old and among them, 117 people (35.5 percent) were single, 174 people (52.7 percent) were married and 39 people (8 (11%) had separated from their spouses. The level of education of the participants was 65 (19.7 percent) below diploma, 96 (29.1 percent) diploma, 14 (4.2 percent) postgraduate, 108 (32.7 percent) bachelor and 47 (14.3 percent) was graduate and above.
The coefficient of the total path between the factor of neuroticism and body image (p=0.001, β=0.367) is negative and the coefficients of the total path between extraversion (p=0.001, β=0.242), conscientiousness (0.001) p=0, β=0.168) and agreement (p=0.001, β=0.186) with the body image is positive and significant. Based on this, it can be concluded that among the personality types, neuroticism and extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness have a positive and significant relationship with body image in people with body deformity disorder who refer to beauty clinics.
Also, the indirect path between extroversion (p=0.004, β=0.083) and conscientiousness (p=0.001, β=0.130) with positive body image and the indirect path coefficient between personality neuroticism factor and the tone image (p=0.001, β=0.160) is negative and significant. Next, in order to determine the significance or non-significance of the mediator role of each of the three mediator variables, Baron and Kenny's formula was used. Table 18-4 shows the mediating role of positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism in explaining the relationship between personality types and body image.
Also, the indirect path coefficient between neuroticism and body image through negative perfectionism (p=0.039, β=0.041) is negative, the indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness and body image (p=0.005, 068 and the indirect path coefficient between extraversion and body image (p=0.016, β=0.046) through perfectionism is positive and significant. Based on this, it was concluded that positive perfectionism mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and personality extraversion with body image in a positive way, and negative perfectionism mediates the relationship between personality neuroticism and body image in a negative and meaningful way.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that there is a mediated relationship between personality type and body image in people with body deformities. There is also a relationship between body image in people with body deformity with the mediation of perfectionism. The results of the research are in line with the findings of Ribing, Marquiardet et al. (32), Rohan Gupta et al.
Fernin (35) showed in his research that there is a strong relationship between sexual avoidance and self-awareness and body image. Stozin and Rohrich (36) investigated body image and mental well-being in 91 women aged 18 and above, the results showed that body image is significantly related to mental well-being.
In a study, Chen et al. (37) investigated the effect of body image on high-risk sexual behaviors in 1547 women. The results showed that poor body image predicts risky sexual behavior. Different dimensions of body image have important consequences on the physical and mental health of people; For example, body dissatisfaction decreases self-esteem as well as increases depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, and the consequences of body image concerns related to risky behaviors can have the greatest impact on sexual experience. Cindy et al. (38) acknowledged that body image (for example, specific to sexual intercourse) has a greater effect on sexual experience than trait level assessments (evaluative or emotional assessments). Similarly, misleading thoughts about the body are strongly related to sexual health disorder, as shown in a sample assessed on Portuguese adult women, interestingly, Busby and Fatahi (39), concluded that sexual schema is influenced by the image. It is not physical. The differences in these findings are probably the result of the differences in the characteristics of the samples. Eisenpach's sample (40) includes married and unmarried men and women.
According to Hertonston et al.'s cognitive behavioral theory (41), the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder. Research has shown that negative body image is related to poor self-esteem, poor gender identity, depression, eating disorders and body deformity.
Therefore, by identifying the factors that lead people to cosmetic surgery, its negative side effects can be kept away to a great extent.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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