Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2024)
RJMS 2024, 31(1): 1-8 |
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Research code: این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری میباشد
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.225
Clinical trials code: این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری میباشد
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AliMohammadi M, Jalili Z, Shojaeizadeh D, Abbaszadeh A. Qualitative Investigation of Factors Affecting Domestic Violence against Women (Case Study: Women Referring to Comprehensive Health Centers in Shahrari, Tehran, 2019-2020). RJMS 2024; 31 (1) :1-8
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8021-en.html
URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8021-en.html
Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , zahra.jalili@gmail.com
Abstract: (447 Views)
Background & Aims: The most common type of violence against women is violence committed by a life partner, which is referred to as domestic violence or violence by an intimate partner. Women victims of domestic violence often suffer from physical injuries and many chronic health problems. Domestic violence can lead to a 50-70% increase in central nervous system problems, mental and emotional health disorders, increase in suicide attempts, substance addiction and antisocial personality disorders in women (1).
If violent behavior against women occurs within the framework of the family and between husband and wife, it is interpreted as domestic violence (2). Domestic violence is the most common form of violence, with the highest probability of repetition, the least report to the police and the most social, psychological and economic complications, which is often committed by the closest family member (such as the husband) (3).
Since the family consists of a husband and wife and the relations of its members are within the framework of the system of choosing a spouse (marital relations) and the system of mutual relations so that people can meet each other's needs, so the family is a unit that has many social roles. and the mutual relationship of its members is formed based on the foundations and cultural needs of the society (4).
Considering the above and the negative impact of domestic violence on individual and social life on the one hand and identifying the factors affecting domestic violence on the other hand, and since by reviewing the research done inside and outside the country, research on the topic in question has been carried out. It has not been done, so the researcher is trying to answer the question, what are the qualitative factors affecting domestic violence against women?
Methods: This research is approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.225 from Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit. To conduct the current qualitative research, which was conducted with a focus on grounded theory tradition. Among the abused women between the ages of 25 and 50 who referred to comprehensive urban health centers, the sampling was continued until the discovery and analysis process reached the theoretical saturation point. In-depth personal interview was also the technique used in this study, which was carried out in the form of a telephone and face-to-face interview according to the conditions and nature of the research. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was using the theoretical coding method (derived from the grounded theory theorizing method).
Results: According to the results of table (1), after coding the conducted interviews, it was determined that 144 primary concepts (open code) were extracted regarding the factors affecting violence against women. The obtained results also showed that the mental imbalance of the spouse was chosen as the most important factor of violence against women with 12.33%. According to 22.8% of women in the sample, traditional and patriarchal attitude is one of the most important reasons for violence against women. Also, humiliation and insult of women and lack of behavioral control are also the most important factors related to violence against women with 7.53 and 6.53 percent. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that 6 selective codes and 22 core codes have been extracted. In the following, the diagram of selected and central codes is drawn.
Based on the available evidence and research findings, it can be said that poverty, unemployment and unfavorable economic situation provide conditions for pressure on families and individuals (especially men). Therefore, inappropriate economic conditions lead to family violence. For this reason, the possibility of aggression in men who are unemployed or have little income, due to social pressures and tensions and feeling weak and unable to take care of the family, is more than others.
Conclusion: The obtained results also showed that the mental imbalance of the spouse was chosen as the most important factor of violence against women with 12.33%. According to 22.8% of women in the sample, traditional and patriarchal attitude is one of the most important reasons for violence against women. Also, humiliation and insult of women and lack of behavioral control are the most important factors related to violence against women with 7.53 and 6.53 percent. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that 6 selective codes and 22 core codes have been extracted. The obtained results were similar to the results of the present study by Naeem and Rezaei Sharif (2018) (8).
The more the level of literacy and knowledge of women increases; Their ability to deal with injuries increases. In the study by Kaskov and Parcell (2020), it was also found that unemployed men subject their wives to violence more than employed men. In a study in China, men's refusal to finance the family was the strongest factor affecting the occurrence of domestic violence. In this study, it was also suggested that men's managerial or high-ranking jobs are a protective factor in preventing domestic violence. The widespread prohibition of women from social activities with 17.24% is the most important factor, the loss of self-esteem in women and the lack of family support are also in the next ranks with 13.79%.
In line with the study of Ahmed Hamed al-Dosari (2016), it was concluded that women's employment is effective in increasing household income and reducing the level of violence. In the current study, there was a significant relationship between women's employment and physical and psychological violence. Also, the findings of the research show that the history of parental misbehavior and witnessing violent behavior in childhood is one of the predictors of family violence. Women who had disordered families, and those who were victims of violence in their childhood, are likely to appear in the role of victims or perpetrators of violence as a result of the learning process in their family life. According to Bandura, children learn how to be violent from their parents. According to the theory of intergenerational transmission, which is based on the theory of social learning, people who experience or witness violence in the family when they are young are more likely to use it in adulthood (10).
If violent behavior against women occurs within the framework of the family and between husband and wife, it is interpreted as domestic violence (2). Domestic violence is the most common form of violence, with the highest probability of repetition, the least report to the police and the most social, psychological and economic complications, which is often committed by the closest family member (such as the husband) (3).
Since the family consists of a husband and wife and the relations of its members are within the framework of the system of choosing a spouse (marital relations) and the system of mutual relations so that people can meet each other's needs, so the family is a unit that has many social roles. and the mutual relationship of its members is formed based on the foundations and cultural needs of the society (4).
Considering the above and the negative impact of domestic violence on individual and social life on the one hand and identifying the factors affecting domestic violence on the other hand, and since by reviewing the research done inside and outside the country, research on the topic in question has been carried out. It has not been done, so the researcher is trying to answer the question, what are the qualitative factors affecting domestic violence against women?
Methods: This research is approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.225 from Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit. To conduct the current qualitative research, which was conducted with a focus on grounded theory tradition. Among the abused women between the ages of 25 and 50 who referred to comprehensive urban health centers, the sampling was continued until the discovery and analysis process reached the theoretical saturation point. In-depth personal interview was also the technique used in this study, which was carried out in the form of a telephone and face-to-face interview according to the conditions and nature of the research. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was using the theoretical coding method (derived from the grounded theory theorizing method).
Results: According to the results of table (1), after coding the conducted interviews, it was determined that 144 primary concepts (open code) were extracted regarding the factors affecting violence against women. The obtained results also showed that the mental imbalance of the spouse was chosen as the most important factor of violence against women with 12.33%. According to 22.8% of women in the sample, traditional and patriarchal attitude is one of the most important reasons for violence against women. Also, humiliation and insult of women and lack of behavioral control are also the most important factors related to violence against women with 7.53 and 6.53 percent. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that 6 selective codes and 22 core codes have been extracted. In the following, the diagram of selected and central codes is drawn.
Based on the available evidence and research findings, it can be said that poverty, unemployment and unfavorable economic situation provide conditions for pressure on families and individuals (especially men). Therefore, inappropriate economic conditions lead to family violence. For this reason, the possibility of aggression in men who are unemployed or have little income, due to social pressures and tensions and feeling weak and unable to take care of the family, is more than others.
Conclusion: The obtained results also showed that the mental imbalance of the spouse was chosen as the most important factor of violence against women with 12.33%. According to 22.8% of women in the sample, traditional and patriarchal attitude is one of the most important reasons for violence against women. Also, humiliation and insult of women and lack of behavioral control are the most important factors related to violence against women with 7.53 and 6.53 percent. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that 6 selective codes and 22 core codes have been extracted. The obtained results were similar to the results of the present study by Naeem and Rezaei Sharif (2018) (8).
The more the level of literacy and knowledge of women increases; Their ability to deal with injuries increases. In the study by Kaskov and Parcell (2020), it was also found that unemployed men subject their wives to violence more than employed men. In a study in China, men's refusal to finance the family was the strongest factor affecting the occurrence of domestic violence. In this study, it was also suggested that men's managerial or high-ranking jobs are a protective factor in preventing domestic violence. The widespread prohibition of women from social activities with 17.24% is the most important factor, the loss of self-esteem in women and the lack of family support are also in the next ranks with 13.79%.
In line with the study of Ahmed Hamed al-Dosari (2016), it was concluded that women's employment is effective in increasing household income and reducing the level of violence. In the current study, there was a significant relationship between women's employment and physical and psychological violence. Also, the findings of the research show that the history of parental misbehavior and witnessing violent behavior in childhood is one of the predictors of family violence. Women who had disordered families, and those who were victims of violence in their childhood, are likely to appear in the role of victims or perpetrators of violence as a result of the learning process in their family life. According to Bandura, children learn how to be violent from their parents. According to the theory of intergenerational transmission, which is based on the theory of social learning, people who experience or witness violence in the family when they are young are more likely to use it in adulthood (10).
Keywords: Domestic Violence, Cultural and Social Structures, Behavioral Problems, Comprehensive Health Centers, Grand Theory
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Clinical Psychiatry
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