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1- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
2- Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
3- Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran ,fariba.keramati98@gmail.com
2- Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
3- Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (16 Views)
Background and Aim
The epidemic of coronavirus has created many problems for different communities and cultures (1). Studies show that after the global epidemic, many businesses have been disrupted (2), and Unemployment has risen in many societies (3). Due to the novelty of this disease, many of its side effects remain unknown; however, various scientific evidence confirms the association of this disease with many life-threatening diseases (5-6). Concerns about life-threatening consequences as well as socio-economic problems caused by coronavirus disease, it has increased psychological problems in societies (7). Because there is currently no specific treatment for this disease, health self-care is the most effective option in preventing this viral disease. As a result, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting health self-care in the general population. One of the effective factors in health self-care is social awareness. Evidence from the research literature also confirms the role of social awareness in health-related behaviors and health care (15-16). In addition to social awareness, the role of moral intelligence in caring behaviors has also been emphasized (17,21). A review of the literature and scientific evidence shows that social awareness and moral intelligence as two aspects of the structure of intelligence play an important role in health and care behaviors. However, most research has been conducted among nurses and staff of different organizations. Due to the high prevalence of coronavirus and the need for health self-care in the general population, research in identifying effective indicators in health seems necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social awareness and moral intelligence with health self-care during the coronavirus epidemic.
Methods: The method of the present study was cross-sectional-analytical. The statistical population of the present study included all Iranians aged 15 to 64 years in February and March 2021. The sample size was determined by Cochranchr('39')s formula for an unlimited community; As a result, at an error level of 0.05, 384 samples were considered for the present study. With the possibility of incomplete answers to some questionnaires as well as the presence of outdated data (response based on a specific pattern), to prevent the required sample from dropping, 15% was added to the estimated sample volume, and the required sample was 450 people. 447 people were selected by the available sampling method. Some criteria were considered for sample recruitment. Inclusion criteria were 1) age range of 15 to 64 years, 2) reading ability, and 3) informed consent to participate in the study. The instruments were Bradberry and Greaveschr('39') Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2005), Lennick and Kiel’s moral intelligence Questionnaire (2005), and a researcher-made Health Self-Care Questionnaire. The researcher-made health self-care questionnaire was developed focusing on the coronavirus epidemic period. To ensure that the most important and correct content (question need) is selected, the content validity ratio (CVR) was used. Also, to ensure that the tool questions are best designed to measure content, the content validity index (CVI) was used. To determine the content validity of the questionnaire, this tool was sent to 8 experts in the field of health and behavioral sciences. Responses were calculated based on the content validity ratio formula and adapted to the Lawshe table. Content validity index was evaluated based on Waltz and Basel content validity index. In this study, the content validity index was calculated to be 0.81 using the Waltz and Basel content validity index formula. The factor analysis method was used to examine the structural validity of this scale.
Due to the limitations and health considerations related to the Corona epidemic, the questionnaire was distributed virtually through the Google Form web application. For this purpose, the link to complete the questionnaire along with a guide text was published on social networks. At the beginning of the questionnaire, explanations were provided about the objectives of the study, and it was guaranteed that to complete the questionnaire, there is no need to register identity information and the data is reported with numerical codes. To prevent non-registration of answers, all items and questions of the questionnaire were defined as "Required" in the Google Form online questionnaire, and it was necessary to register all the answers to send the questionnaire to the server. However, the data was clean-up after entering into the software. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v16 and ArcMap GIS 10.5 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression statistical tests.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 30.24 (1.46) years. The gender of 65.3% (n=292) was female. About marital status, 53% (n=237) were married, 44.5% (n=199) were single, and 2.5% were other status. In terms of education, most participants (28.9%) had a bachelorchr('39')s degree. Among the study participants, 3.4% reported a history of coronavirus disease. Also, 18.1% reported having symptoms but did not seek diagnosis or treatment (mild symptoms). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between social awareness (r = 0.214, P = 0.000) and moral intelligence (r = 0.251, P = 0.000) with health self-care. The results of the regression analysis test also showed that social awareness and moral intelligence predict 12% of variable changes in health self-care criteria.
Conclusion: The importance of social awareness among the strata of society is such that awareness can be considered a vital element of social life that expands the field of cooperation and interaction in different dimensions of society, while the decrease of social awareness in the society causes a kind of social alienation in the strata of the society, which prevents the continuation and strengthening of cooperation and social participation. In this case, individualism and utilitarianism, which are the source of many deviations and social disorders, will spread in society (27). As a result, if peoplechr('39')s social awareness is higher, Individualism also decreases and people are taking steps to control the disease through social participation. During the epidemic of Coronavirus, having moral intelligence makes people feel responsible towards other people in their community and family. And they will adherence health guidelines not only to maintain their health, but also for the health of their family and other members of the community. These people were sensitive to non-compliance with health guidelines; because they are aware of the consequences of their actions. Since social awareness and moral intelligence can be taught it is recommended for health policymakers and public education providers to promote health self-care during the coronavirus epidemic, focus on these variables.
The epidemic of coronavirus has created many problems for different communities and cultures (1). Studies show that after the global epidemic, many businesses have been disrupted (2), and Unemployment has risen in many societies (3). Due to the novelty of this disease, many of its side effects remain unknown; however, various scientific evidence confirms the association of this disease with many life-threatening diseases (5-6). Concerns about life-threatening consequences as well as socio-economic problems caused by coronavirus disease, it has increased psychological problems in societies (7). Because there is currently no specific treatment for this disease, health self-care is the most effective option in preventing this viral disease. As a result, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting health self-care in the general population. One of the effective factors in health self-care is social awareness. Evidence from the research literature also confirms the role of social awareness in health-related behaviors and health care (15-16). In addition to social awareness, the role of moral intelligence in caring behaviors has also been emphasized (17,21). A review of the literature and scientific evidence shows that social awareness and moral intelligence as two aspects of the structure of intelligence play an important role in health and care behaviors. However, most research has been conducted among nurses and staff of different organizations. Due to the high prevalence of coronavirus and the need for health self-care in the general population, research in identifying effective indicators in health seems necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social awareness and moral intelligence with health self-care during the coronavirus epidemic.
Methods: The method of the present study was cross-sectional-analytical. The statistical population of the present study included all Iranians aged 15 to 64 years in February and March 2021. The sample size was determined by Cochranchr('39')s formula for an unlimited community; As a result, at an error level of 0.05, 384 samples were considered for the present study. With the possibility of incomplete answers to some questionnaires as well as the presence of outdated data (response based on a specific pattern), to prevent the required sample from dropping, 15% was added to the estimated sample volume, and the required sample was 450 people. 447 people were selected by the available sampling method. Some criteria were considered for sample recruitment. Inclusion criteria were 1) age range of 15 to 64 years, 2) reading ability, and 3) informed consent to participate in the study. The instruments were Bradberry and Greaveschr('39') Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2005), Lennick and Kiel’s moral intelligence Questionnaire (2005), and a researcher-made Health Self-Care Questionnaire. The researcher-made health self-care questionnaire was developed focusing on the coronavirus epidemic period. To ensure that the most important and correct content (question need) is selected, the content validity ratio (CVR) was used. Also, to ensure that the tool questions are best designed to measure content, the content validity index (CVI) was used. To determine the content validity of the questionnaire, this tool was sent to 8 experts in the field of health and behavioral sciences. Responses were calculated based on the content validity ratio formula and adapted to the Lawshe table. Content validity index was evaluated based on Waltz and Basel content validity index. In this study, the content validity index was calculated to be 0.81 using the Waltz and Basel content validity index formula. The factor analysis method was used to examine the structural validity of this scale.
Due to the limitations and health considerations related to the Corona epidemic, the questionnaire was distributed virtually through the Google Form web application. For this purpose, the link to complete the questionnaire along with a guide text was published on social networks. At the beginning of the questionnaire, explanations were provided about the objectives of the study, and it was guaranteed that to complete the questionnaire, there is no need to register identity information and the data is reported with numerical codes. To prevent non-registration of answers, all items and questions of the questionnaire were defined as "Required" in the Google Form online questionnaire, and it was necessary to register all the answers to send the questionnaire to the server. However, the data was clean-up after entering into the software. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v16 and ArcMap GIS 10.5 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression statistical tests.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 30.24 (1.46) years. The gender of 65.3% (n=292) was female. About marital status, 53% (n=237) were married, 44.5% (n=199) were single, and 2.5% were other status. In terms of education, most participants (28.9%) had a bachelorchr('39')s degree. Among the study participants, 3.4% reported a history of coronavirus disease. Also, 18.1% reported having symptoms but did not seek diagnosis or treatment (mild symptoms). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between social awareness (r = 0.214, P = 0.000) and moral intelligence (r = 0.251, P = 0.000) with health self-care. The results of the regression analysis test also showed that social awareness and moral intelligence predict 12% of variable changes in health self-care criteria.
Conclusion: The importance of social awareness among the strata of society is such that awareness can be considered a vital element of social life that expands the field of cooperation and interaction in different dimensions of society, while the decrease of social awareness in the society causes a kind of social alienation in the strata of the society, which prevents the continuation and strengthening of cooperation and social participation. In this case, individualism and utilitarianism, which are the source of many deviations and social disorders, will spread in society (27). As a result, if peoplechr('39')s social awareness is higher, Individualism also decreases and people are taking steps to control the disease through social participation. During the epidemic of Coronavirus, having moral intelligence makes people feel responsible towards other people in their community and family. And they will adherence health guidelines not only to maintain their health, but also for the health of their family and other members of the community. These people were sensitive to non-compliance with health guidelines; because they are aware of the consequences of their actions. Since social awareness and moral intelligence can be taught it is recommended for health policymakers and public education providers to promote health self-care during the coronavirus epidemic, focus on these variables.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Public Health
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