Razi Journal of Medical Sciences

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Background: Infertility can cause psychological, social and economic stress in infertile people. Annually, 60 to 80 million infertile couples are diagnosed worldwide. Infertility treatment is more difficult for men than women, especially in developing countries where few people seek treatment because of the high cost. Oligospermia and azo sperm are the most important factors affecting infertility in men with varicocele. Spermatogenesis is the process of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs). These cells are located on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules and are surrounded by Sertoli cells. This complex provides an environment that promotes sperm function and survival. Any change in this process leads to changes in the male reproductive system and can lead to male infertility. Therefore, knowing the markers that are involved in the process of spermatogenesis is important and necessary. PLZF is one of the well-known markers of spermatogonia stem cells, which is essential for the maintenance and development of spermatogonia stem cells in culture. PLZF is produced and secreted by Sertoli cells, and a subset of spermatogonia express its receptor. One possible role for PLZF may be to maintain a non-distinctive position. TekT1 is also a group of genes expressed by spermatocytes. This gene is expressed in the tubulin involved in the formation of microfilaments. TEKT1 together with PLZF play an important role in spermatogenesis by stem cells. Studies of these two proteins and their role in spermatogenesis have important implications in in vitro spermatogenesis studies. In this regard, there are modifiable factors such as physical activity and laser therapy that help prevent and treat this disease by regulating and modulating genes that are effective in fertility. Among aerobic exercises, low-intensity aerobic exercise is one of the exercises that is safe and usable in different physiological conditions and due to its intolerance of weight in water compared to non-water sports in most physiological, biochemical and reaction studies. Molecular ions are used. Laser treatment is also a non-invasive treatment. Recent research shows that alterations in key molecules or signaling pathways and gene expression in the process of spermatogenesis through non-invasive methods such as exercise and laser therapy can affect fertility in infertile individuals. Although possible mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of physical activity and laser therapy on male infertility, the results of studies on the relationship between physical activity and laser therapy, especially low-power expression of the PLZF, TekT1 gene in the animal model of spermatogenesis, are very limited. Be. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in PLZF and TekT1 gene expression in azo sperm rats following 8 weeks of low-intensity swimming training and low power laser.
Methods: The research method is experimental with post-test design. In this experimental study, 25 adult male Wistar rats aged 6 to 8 weeks with an average weight of 202.85 ± 62 15.62 g from Pasteur Institute Were purchased. The protocol of this research was performed according to the international laws on laboratory animals with the code of ethics IR.IAU.SARI.REC.1398.149 and was approved by the ethics committee of the Islamic Azad University of Sari. After creating the azo sperm model, the mice were divided into five groups: healthy control, azo sperm, training + azo sperm, azo sperm + laser, and training + azo sperm + laser. Exercise + azoospermia group, one month after an azo sperm, performed low-intensity swimming exercises for 8 weeks, five days a week for 30 minutes each day. In the laser intervention group, low-power lasers with a wavelength of 8.632 nm and a power of 10 mW and an energy of 3 joules were applied in three replications throughout the study period once a week at intervals in the testis of azo spermic mice. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that a period of swimming training program in the exercise + azoospermia group became a significant decrease in the expression of PLZF (p=0.001) and TekT1 (p=0.001) genes in relation to healthy control groups, respectively. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of PLZF and TekT1 genes in the exercise + azoospermia + laser group compared to the healthy control group (p≤ 0.001) and an increase compared to the azoospermia group, exercise + azoospermia and azoospermia + laser (p≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: In the present study, the effect of 8 weeks of low-intensity swimming training on PLZF and TekT1 gene expression in azo sperm mice was investigated. One of the important results of the present study is a significant decrease in the expression level of PLZF and TekT1 gene in azo sperm rats compared to the healthy group. Decreased levels of SSCs receptors inhibit the production and expression of spermatogonia stem cells. Therefore, it seems that reducing receptors and increasing inflammation in azo sperm patients can reduce the expression level of PLZF and TekT1 genes. Another important result of the present study is the increase in PLZF and TEKT1 gene expression levels in training + azo sperm + laser rats compared to the intervention and azo sperm groups. Exposure of laser beams to defective sprays increases the concentration of calcium in the cell and the amount of energy, which leads to increased motility and fertility. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that an executive instruction be developed to develop low-intensity swimming exercises for people with azo sperm in order to prevent the effects of this disease. Also, due to the effect of a low-intensity low-intensity laser swimming training session on PLZF and TEKT1 gene expression, it is recommended that patients with azo sperm benefit more from low-intensity swimming sports activities. In general, the results of the present study indicate that alteration of key molecules or signaling pathways and gene expression of male germ cells in the process of spermatogenesis can reduce fertility and increase infertility, but regular aerobic exercise such as swimming with intensity Low with low power laser helps in inhibit the effects of infertility diseases by increasing the maintenance and development of spermatogonia stem cells.

Keywords: Swimming, Gene expression, PLZF, TekT1, Azoospermia

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