2024-03-29T00:18:20+04:30
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=112&slc_lang=en&sid=1
112-2762
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Searching group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis
Samileh
Noorbakhsh
Vida
Zarabi
Mahshid
Talebitaher
Azardokht
Tabatabaee
Nazanin
Ali Beig
Background: Diagnosing
the etiologic causes for septic arthritis is very important. The main goal of
study was to determine the group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens in
synovial fluid of patients with arthritis. Methods: A cross
sectional study was performed upon 52 cases with acute mono arthritis in Hazrat-e-Rasool
hospital in Tehran Iran (2010-2012). Techniques used were: Gram stain/culture
and rapid antigen tests (LPA) for H.
influenza, S. pneumonia, group B streptococci, N. meningitidis, and E. coli and
for Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens (Cusabio
company Austria license, China, ELISA) were searched in synovial samples
(negative smear and culture). P value <0.05 was considered valuable. Results: Septic arthitis was diagnosed in 34.5%
(including positive culture or gram staining in 15%, rapid antigen test (LPA)
in 5.7%), and positive group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens was
observed in 3.8% of cases with negative results for other tests. Conclusions: Septic arthitis
was diagnosed in 34.6% of cases. Also 15% of
cases had positive culture or gram stain (mainly S. aureus, S. pneumonis), 5.7%
were diagnosed by rapid antigenic tests (LPA). Group A streptococcal
polysaccharide antigens (ELISA) test was positive in 3.8% of remaining cases (negative
smear and culture). By adding the new methods of searching for the common
bacterial antigens (especially streptococcus) to the conventional culture
tests, the role of infectious organisms in evolution of acute arthitis would be
elucidated more clearly. Streptococcal polysaccharide antigen in synovial fluid
is not defined by immune system. The irreversible cardiac, renal, neurologic
complications are probable. Optimal treatment of the proved streptococcal cases
is recommended.
Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigens (ASP Ag)
Arthritis
Septic arthritis.
2013
10
01
1
8
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2762-en.pdf
112-2763
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
The effect of chewing sugar-free gum on the anxiety level of active phase of labor in nulliparous women
Somaye
Makvandi
Shirin
Zargar Shoshtari
Simin
Montazeri
Akram
Ahangarpour
Background: Nulliparous women
often are extremely anxious because of fear of labor pain and this anxiety will
decrease their chances of normal vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effects of chewing sugar-free gum on labor anxiety in
nulliparous women. Methods: This study was a randomized
clinical trial and performed on 66 nulliparous pregnant women with spontaneous
labor pains in Ahvaz Razi hospital in 2011. Samples were randomized to case
group (n=34) and control group (n=32) based on the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Maternal anxiety was measured at baseline using Spielberger anxiety
scale. Then an Orbit sugar-free chewing gum was given to case group. The women
in the control group did not receive any intervention. After 30 minutes of
chewing gum anxiety was measured in all subjects again. Also labor stages duration,
type of birth and the need for oxytocin in both groups were recorded. Data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and chi-square in SPSS version
15. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Findings
of this study showed that after 30 minutes of chewing gum, mean and standard
deviation of active phase anxiety of women in case group (42.85±5.46) was significantly lower than
control group (49.82±7.68). In the case group, active
phase duration were significantly less than control group (177±89.03 min in
case group VS. 229.03±59.68 min in control group p=0.001). Also second stage of labor
duration in the case group (43.91±10.96) was less than control group (52.65±18.27) with p-value of 0.021. Type of
delivery and the need for oxytocin were not significantly different between the
two groups. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this
study it seems that chewing a gum can be used to reduce anxiety of labor as a
non-invasive and effective method.
Chewing gum
Anxiety
Labor anxiety
Active phase of labor.
2013
10
01
9
15
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2763-en.pdf
112-2764
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Frequency of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia
Narges
Nooritalab
Maryam
Latifnia
Alireza
Samarbaf zadeh
Najmeh
Shams pour
Mahshid
Talebi Taher
Ehsan
Mostafavi
Mojtba
Fattahi Abdizadeh
Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is
one of the most common nosocomial infections among patients in Intensive Care
Unit (ICU), which has high mortality rate. Among the common agents, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most common causative agents of
VAP incidence and resistance to a wide range of antibiotics is increasing. The
aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and its
drug susceptibility pattern. Methods: This sectional
survey has carried out for a year on ICU patients of Ayatollah Kashani hospital
who received mechanical ventilation during Oct 2010 to Oct 2011. Sixty eight
samples of endotracheal tubes were collected from the patients with signs of
pulmonary infection which included fever, purulent secretions, and
leucocytosis. Samples were cultured and strains isolated were identified by
microbiological standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was
performed on isolates using disc diffusion method and results were interpreted
using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotics were
grouped into the 4 following categories: 1) Cephalosporins (Ceftazidime,
Cefepime), 2) Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), 3) Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin,
Tobramycin, and Amikacin) and 4) Carbapenems (Imipenem). Results: Out of 68 endotracheal samples, VAP was
confirmed in 46 cases (67.7%) of these patients. The most common microorganism
recovered was P. aeruginosa (15 cases, 32.6%), others
were included: Methicillin-resistannt Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA (8
cases, 17/4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (10 cases, 21/7%), Escherichia
coli (7 cases, 15.2%), Enterobacter (3 cases, 6.5%), Acinetobacter
(2 cases, 4.3%) and 1 case of Citobacter (2.3%). 75% of P. aeruginosa
isolated were MDR (resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics) and 50% of isolates
were resistant to all classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the
increasing prevalence of Pseudomonas MDR, developing strict protocols to
prevent increase in drug resistance bacteria appears to be necessary.
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Multidrug resistance.
2013
10
01
16
23
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2764-en.pdf
112-2765
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
A review on absence epilepsy with focus on basic sciences
Maryam
Jafarian
gorjial@uni-muenster.de
Fariba
Karimzadeh
Hadi
Kazemi
Ashkan
Divanbeigi
Ali
Gorji
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Seizures could be presented as general or focal attacks. Absence epilepsy is one of the main forms of the general epilepsy and associated with sudden impairment of consciousness and non/convulsive generalized attacks. The prevalence of absence epilepsy was estimated about 10% of all types of seizures and seizures onset usually started between 3-8 years old. The genetic factors play a crucial role in the absence epilepsy. Dysfunction in the thalamocortical network seems to be a main factor in the pathogenesis of the absence epilepsy. Due to abnormal interaction between the reticular neurons, thalamocortical neurons and pyramidal neurons absence epilepsy can be occurred. Extra release of GABA from the reticular neurons leads to suppress the relay neurons in the thalamus. Hyperpolarization of these neurons can open T-type-Ca+2 channels. The burst activity of relay neurons causes extra release of glutamate. These hyperactivities of relay neurons trigger spike-wave discharges in the neocortex.
Methods: In this manuscript the epidemiology, etiology, epidemiology, animal models, pathophysiology and the treatment of absence epilepsy were collected by studying the original and review articles.
Conclusions: It seems that we should notice this disorder because of its prevalence and side effects. The results of many studies indicated that there are several types of reasons for the onset of this disease. Thus for treatment of these patients we should consider all of the involved elements.
Keywords: Absence epilepsy, EEG, Pathophysiology.
Absence epilepsy
EEG
Pathophysiology
2013
10
01
24
35
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2765-en.pdf
112-2766
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Assessment of effect of awkward seating postures on attention test performance while working with computer
Hamid
Reza Mokhtarinia
Hamid
Shiri
Mahnaz
Saremi
Porya
Reza-Soltani
Ali Asghar
Dadkhah
Background: Undesirable
work situations (such as awkward postures) can result in health issues such as
musculoskeletal disorders in addition to reduced productivity and efficiency.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these awkward
postures on attention task performance. Methods: Hence by
designing two different simulated work stations, subjects were asked to
complete a relatively complicated cognitive task on a 1 hour experimental
session. RULA analytical method was used to evaluate the working postures. A
series of mathematical tests was used as a fatigue manipulation tool. Moreover
a subjective assessment was conducted by questionnaire. Results: RULA score showed a significant
difference between groups (p< 0.001). This difference showed that subjects
in awkward posture reported more mental (p= 0.002) and physical fatigue (p=
0.023) than the standard posture group. The results also showed that awkward
posture is related to impaired selective attention (p= 0.028) and a poor
difference in the simple reaction time (p=0.050) was observed between the
groups. Conclusions: This study
supports the theory that physical workload can interfere with cognitive
performance in a concomitant mental activity.
Cognitive load
Awkward posture
Mental fatigue.
2013
10
01
36
44
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2766-en.pdf
112-2767
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Comparison between entonox and oxygen on lowering labor pain and the progress of labor
Shayesteh
Parashi
Maryam
Kashanian
Ommelaily
Rabbani
Background: Labor
is a painful event and its pain is one of the most severe one. Reducing this
pain, for lowering the negative effects on pregnant women and also labor
progress, has always been under serious concern. The purpose of the present
study was to compare the effect of entonox and oxygen for lowering labor pain
and also its effect on the progress of labor. Methods: A randomized
clinical trial was performed on 120 nulliparas pregnant women who had been
admitted in the labor ward of Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital for termination of pregnancy,
They had labor pain and were in the active phase of labor, thus enterd the study
and randomly were assigned into the two groups of entonox (case group) and
oxygen group (control group) (each group with 60 women). Pain was evaluated
using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Duratin of the active phase and second stage
of labor and also the total duration of labor and pain and adverse effects were
compared between the two groups. Results: The women of
the two groups did not have significant differences according to age (p= 0.6),
gestational age (p= 0.4), BMI (p= 0.9), neonatal weight (p- 0.6), Apgar score
of 1 and 5 minutes and cesarean deliveries (p= 0.2). Mean pain score at
different times (hours 1, 2, and 3) (p< 0.05) was lower in entonox group. Mean
duration of labor (p= 0.003), active phase of labor (p= 0.02), and second stage
of labor (p=0.02) were lower in entonox group. Side effects were more in the
entonox group (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Entonox is
effective for pain relief. It also reduces the duration of labor, however, its
side effects are more than oxygen.
Entonox
Oxygen
Pain
Labor
Pregnancy
Process of labor
Pain reduction.
2013
10
01
45
52
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2767-en.pdf
112-2768
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Identifying and documenting work processes promoting efficiency in emergency department ofShahid Mohammad Montazeri Hospital in 2012
Hojatolah
Askari
Ali
Samandari
Zahra
Rastegari
Nahid
Nadipour
Background: With due regard to the current health
care system situation and problems in our organizations and the loss of
efficiency, improvement of work processes seems to be essential. Identification
and documentation of work procedures are needed in this regard. In this study,
the situation in Montazeri hospital has been evaluated in 1390. Methods: This study is
a cross-sectional analytic study. All procedures performed in the emergency
department of Shahid Mohammad Montazeri hospital is Najaf-Abad were evaluated. Data
were analyzed and guidelines were designed. Results: Six processes
within the emergency department were identified including: work flow, patient
discharge, transferring patient to other hospitals, transferring patients to
wards, outpatient process, and transferring patients to diagnostic units. Conclusions: Application of
analytic methods are essential for usage of process-oriented and
customer-oriented approach and new concepts such as systems management, quality
management, reengineering processes, utilization and development of information
technology to access electronic government administration that leads to the
modernization of administrative systems.
process assessment
identification
documentation
efficiency
emergency service.
2013
10
01
53
66
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2768-en.pdf
112-2769
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Effectiveness of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior for promoting breakfast and healthy snack eating among elementary school students
Isa
Mohammadi Zeidi
Amir
Pakpour
Background: Fasting school and increasing
consumption of low-value meals among children is associated with adverse health
consequences and chronic diseases in adulthood. Since most bad hygienic
behaviors are rooted in childhood experiences, the present study examined the
effectiveness of educational interventions based on application of the theory
of planned behavior (TPB) in improving the breakfast and healthy snacks in
elementary school students in the second half of 2011 in Qazvin. Methods: Randomly, 150 students, in case
and control group, from six schools participated in a quasi randomized
controlled experimental study. Variables were evaluated before and 3 months
after intervention. In treatment group, the educational program was conducted
with targeted educational pamphlets. The program included five 30-minute
sessions that developed regarding the beliefs and structures extracted from the
qualitative study and constructs of theory of planned behavior. Data regarding
TPB were collected using valid and reliable questionnaire with 40 items by self
report method. The food frequency checklist was used to assess students'
nutritional habits. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS 17.0 software and
statistical tests such as chi square, independent and pooled t test, McNemar
and one-way ANOVA with Scheffe post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Student’s
average age was 8.43 ± 0.83 years old and their sex ratio was equal. Before
educational intervention, 57.3 % in the intervention group and 53.3 % in the
control group did not use the breakfast. After educational intervention,
significant improvement of about 12.6% was seen regarding breakfast eating (p
< 0.001). However, significant changes weren’t seen in the control group.
There were no significant differences between two group regarding constructs of
TPB in the pretest period, however after intervention significant changes in
attitude (from 53.26±25.7 to 74.72±28.18) (p<0.001), subjective norms (from
56.97±26.6 to 68.07±26.28) (p<0.001), perceived behavioral control (from
32.57±19.6 to 57.66±35.7) (p<0.001) and intention (from 8.5±3.3 to
11.37±3.11) (p<0.001) was seen in case group. Moreover, results showed that
consumption of soft drinks and junk food such as chips, etc. decreased from
74.6 % to 58.3% in case group after education (p<0.05). Conclusions: The finding of this study
demonstrates the high prevalence of inappropriate eating behavior in this
sensitive period. Educational intervention with the appropriate application of
psychological theory correct behaviors associated with a healthy breakfast and
snacks at the elementary school. According to appropriate educational field and
cost-effective educational intervention in schools, generalization of such training
programs in other areas seems critical.
Educational intervention
Theory of planned behavior
Snack
Elementary schools.
2013
10
01
67
78
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2769-en.pdf
112-2770
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Detection of rare beta globin gene mutation [+22 5UTR (G>A)] in an infant despite prenatal screening
Mohammadreza
Mehrnoosh
Mehrnoosh
Kowsarian
Payam
Roshan
Hossein
Jalili
Atefeh
Khosh Aein
Background: Beta
thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary disorders worldwide. In Iran,
it is frequently reported from northern and southern provinces. In order to
prevent child birth affected by this complication, prenatal screening and
diagnosis is carried out nationwide. However in some instances, this program is
unable to identify rare mutations leading to thalassemia. Case
presentation: A
married couple, who took part in prenatal screening and diagnosis, gave birth
to a child who is affected by thalassemia major. After several molecular
examination, a rare mutation [+22 5UTR (G>A)] in compound heterozygote state
with a common mutation [codon 8 (-AA)] was found. Conclusions: This case study
suggests that more advanced molecular evaluations must be integrated in
prenatal screening programs to identify rare mutations and antenatal diagnosis
of thalassemia cases.
Beta thalassemia
Rare mutation
Beta globin gene
Prenatal screening.
2013
10
01
79
83
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2770-en.pdf
112-2771
2024-03-29
10.1002
Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
RJMS
2228-7043
2228-7051
2013
20
112
Effect of noise exposure on auditory system of industrial workers using pure tone audiometry (PTA), transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs)
Mohammad
Farhadi
Saeid
Mahmoudian
Azardokht
Tabatabaei
Ahmad
Naghavi
Morteza
Hamidi Tehrani
Shima
Javadinia
Background: Different
studies have shown that Otoacoustic Emission (OAEs) is generated by Outer Hair
Cells (OHCs) and these sensory cells are first structures exposed to damage of
high level noise. Therefore minor impairment in OHCs can lead to lack of
response of OAE. The purpose of the current study is to compare the pure tone
thresholds, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) and Distortion
Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) amplitude in industrial workers
experiencing non-permissible noises and official staffs. Methods: This study was
conducted as a case control paradigm. The cases included 134 workers exposed to
non-permissible noise and control group that constituted 89 official staff. The
threshold of pure tone, TEOAE and DPOAE amplitudes were recorded and compared
among the subjects. Results: Pure tone thresholds at frequencies of
1- 4 KHz among industrial workers were higher (worse) than the control
group and these differences were significant within frequencies of 3 and 4 KHz
(p< 0.01). TEOAE amplitudes within 4 frequencies (1-4 KHz) indicated significant
decrease among workers group in comparison with control group (p<0.05).
Although DPOAE amplitudes indicated decrease within 4 frequencies in the
workers group, these differences were statistically significant only in 4.4 KHz
(p< 0.01). Conclusions: The decrease of
OAE amplitudes and increase in audiometric thresholds in workers may indicate
damage to cochlea due to noise exposure. In the current study, the sensitivity
and specificity of DPOAE frequency responses was estimated higher than the
TEOAE. It seems that DPOAE responses may have been more homogeneic to
audiometric results.
Noise-induced hearing loss
Transient evoked otoacoustic emission
Distortion product otoacoustic emission
Pure tone audiometry
Noise pollution.
2013
10
01
84
92
http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2771-en.pdf