39 2228-7043 Iran University of Medical Sciences 6287 Neurology Psychiatrics Comparison of cognitive- behavioral therapy with transdiagnostic treatment on the clinical syndrome and distress tolerance of students sadeghi Ordoubadi Afarin b Bagherzadeh Golmakani Zahra c Amiri Mehdi d Mansouri Ahmad e b Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad Uniuersity, Neyshabur, Iran c Islamic Azad Uniuersity, Neyshabur, Iran d Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran e Department of Psychology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad Uniuersity, Neyshabur, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 1 13 17 06 2020 18 08 2020 Background & Aims: The research shows the prevalence of mental disorders among Iranian students. Lack of familiarity with student environments, distance from family and insufficient welfare facilities are among the conditions leading to various problems such as stress, anxiety, depression and confusion of students. These disorders cause a significant reduction in performance of people in the areas of work, society, family, lack of pleasure and stress and are associated with emotion regulation. Distress tolerance is a common structure of emotion regulation and is associated with the occurrence of high-risk behaviors. One of the most widely used approaches to treating these problems and disorders is cognitive-behavioral therapy. This approach helps people change their distorted thoughts that lead to dysfunctional behavior through regular conversations, cognitive techniques, and organized behavioral tasks. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been proposed for almost every category of psychological problems and disorders, and numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of this treatment on the emotional disorders. Another approach in this field is the transdiagnostic treatment, according to which people face their inappropriate emotional experiences in order to respond to their emotions in a more adaptive way; By regulating emotional habits, their severity and occurrence decreases, and consequently the amount of damage decreases and function increases. Although both approaches are used in the treatment of psychological problems and disorders, it is important to repeat and compare the effectiveness of each. Due to the high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among students and its effect on their various functions, the need for new psychotherapy programs and the lack of sufficient research in this area, the present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy with transdiagnostic treatment on the clinical symptoms and distress tolerance of students. Methods: It was an applied quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all students of Mashhad universities in 2019-20. Students were selected after obtaining permission and inserting advertisements in universities using the available sampling method. Among the students who volunteered for the study, 120 scored higher than the cut-off point on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21). Finally, 45 of them were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (A, B) and a control group. Participants completed the DAS-21 scale and the distress tolerance scale (DTS). Then, therapeutic interventions for group A (cognitive-behavioral therapy) and group B (transdiagnostic treatment) were performed for 10 two-hour sessions in groups. Control group participants remained on the waiting list. During the course, there were three cases of miscarriage due to not continuing to participate in treatment sessions in one group, which due to coping with the other two groups, the questionnaires of three participants were randomly deleted. At the end of the treatment period, post-test was conducted and the follow-up test was conducted after 3 months. Inclusion criteria included being a student of Mashhad universities, having an age of 20 to 35 years and a score higher than the average cut-off point in the DASS-21. Exclusion criteria included not having any type of psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, substance and alcohol use, personality disorder, lack of physical disability and absence of more than two sessions of treatment. Consent to participate in the research, emphasis on confidentiality of information, freedom to leave the research and avoiding any harm were among the ethical considerations of the present study. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software version 26. Results: The mean age of participants in the transdiagnostic treatment, cognitive-behavioral, control and total participants were  21.75±2.006، 21.42±1, 21.08±1.73, 21.42±1.61, respectively. In each group, 4 participants were male and 8 were female. There was no significant difference between individuals in three groups in terms of age (p=0.61, F=0.50), education (p=0.47, χ2=5.60) and marital status (p=0.60, χ2=2.75). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of clinical symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) in transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral groups with control group (p<0.05) and transdiagnostic treatment and cognitive-behavioral groups (p<0.05). The study of distress tolerance variable showed that there was a significant difference between the transdiagnostic and cognitive-behavioral groups with the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the mean distress tolerance score of the transdiagnostic and cognitive-behavioral groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral and transdiagnostic therapy were effective in reducing clinical symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) and increasing students' distress tolerance. Therefore, therapists can use these two treatment approaches to reduce clinical symptoms and increase students' distress tolerance. However, transdiagnostic treatment is more effective in reducing students' clinical symptoms. The difference may be due to special attention to emotions in the transdiagnostic approach designed for comorbidities. Of course, these findings need further investigation. In general, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to use a transdiagnostic treatment approach to reduce clinical symptoms. It is also suggested that in order to increase the generalizability of the results, this treatment method should be performed in different samples and at different levels. In this study, both methods of intervention were performed by the main researcher and this issue may have been the cause of individual biases by the researcher. Considering that it was not possible for all students of Khorasan Razavi province to participate in the study and the sample was limited to a specific geographical area and the city of Mashhad, care should be taken in generalizing the results.  
6636 Immunology Relationship between drug hypersensitivity and major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules Jafaryazdi Rokhsareh f Fallahpour Morteza g Khoshmirsafa Majid h Samei Azam i Yardoost Ayda k Fateh Mohsen l Seif Farhad m f Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran g Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran h Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran i Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran k Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran l Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran m Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran 1 12 2020 27 10 14 24 03 12 2020 06 12 2020 Hypersensitivity to drugs is a group of adverse drug reactions whose side effects can even be fatal worldwide, and in most cases, despite the huge investments and extensive research that has been done in the production of drugs, it causes the drug to be discarded. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are generally divided into two categories: A and B. Type A reactions are predictable and dose-dependent, but type B adverse drug reactions are unpredictable and dose-independent, sometimes accounting for up to 20% of all adverse drug reactions, including severe drug allergies. It is due to the immune system (drug allergy) or reactions without immune intervention. ADRs of type A, also known as adverse pharmacological drug reactions, occur for two reasons: the first, dose changes or pharmacokinetics that cause changes in reactions related to efficacy or detoxification. The second, a change in the structure of the target that leads to a change in the drug's propensity for it or to a new flow of reactions due to the binding of the agonist to the target receptor. In contrast, adverse drug reactions of type B are caused by severe drug allergies due to allergenic or non-allergenic mechanisms of the immune system or its mediators such as histamine. The molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are one of the most important factors in how and what is the variety of immune responses in different people. Numerous studies have reported the association of some variants of these molecules in the presence and absence of certain diseases, including malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Over the past decade, several studies have been performed on the association of MHC or HLA alleles with drug hypersensitivity syndromes (DHS), which promises to be able to diagnose and identify high-risk patients and thus may prevent the development of DHS, which seemed previously unpredictable. In 1989, a study was performed on patients in southern China taking allopurinol for skin rashes, with a strong positive association between HLA alleles, class AW33 and B17/BW58, and a negative association with the A2 allele. These findings indicate that the genetic background in dermal drug reactions is associated with and not associated with some MHC class I and II molecules. In 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended a screening test to determine the HLA-B*15:02 allele in high-risk populations before carbamazepine. In 2011, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the Nordic and Japanese populations found that the Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic (DRESS) diseases observed in carbamazepine-associated patients were associated with the 31:01 HLA-A*allele. In 2013, a study of black African populations reported the association of the HLA-C*04:01 allele with SJS/TEN and the HLA-DRB1*01:02 and HLA-B*58:01 alleles with Nevirapine-induced hepatitis. In 2015, researchers applied chemical modifications using in silico methods to abacavir to create a molecule that retains its antiviral activity; meanwhile, being able to bind to HLA-B57: 01 and activate T cells. In 2018, a study was performed on the Taiwanese and Malaysian populations on the association of HLA-B*13:01 allele with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) induced by dapsone antibiotic, which showed a positive association of this allele with DRESS phenotype. In 2019, a study of variants predisposing individuals to drug-induced liver injury (DILI) found that a missense polymorphism that causes tryptophan to be replaced by arginine in the PTPN22 gene was most associated with this phenotype and strongly associated with DILI due to the use of the antibiotic co-amoxiclav in patients with European ethnicities, and the probability of developing DILI in this population is twice as high in people who, in addition to the mentioned polymorphisms, are also carriers of HLA-A*02:01 and DRB1*15:01 predisposing alleles. Genetic differences in different races necessitate these studies in different populations and countries. Therefore, based on a review of the literature, we suggest that these studies should be performed in the Iranian population, especially in allergic diseases.   6187 Laboratory Sciences Molecular segregation of the Lux gene by Serratia marsensis separated from clinical sources and the effect of Lactobacillus Ramenusus probiotic supernatant on its expression by Real-time PCR method Rozbehanii Zahra n Shojaii saedii Behroz o Amini Kumarss p n , Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran o Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran p Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 25 35 12 04 2020 12 09 2020 Background & Aims: Serratia marcescens is a well-known species of Ceratia, a gram-negative, motile bacterium that is of great clinical importance and grows well in the laboratory. This bacterium is found in natural environments including soil, climate, on the surface of parts of plants and also as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. Sarachiae have small capsules and their colonies are white-pink or red pigment. These bacteria can be isolated from pulmonary-urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Cultivating them smells like fish or urine. Serratia marcescens is a well-known species that is of great clinical importance (1). Biofilm formation is formed by intercellular interactions between bacteria that form the Quorum sensing system. Chromium sensing system is a concentration-dependent process that exists in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this system, bacteria communicate with each other through small molecules called self-inducing molecules. When the bacterial density in the environment reaches a certain level, the concentration of these transport molecules reaches a certain level and induce large changes in the level of gene expression. The Qs chromosensing system is governed by the homologs SWrR, SwrI, LuxR, and LuxI, respectively, and affects the expression of at least 28 proteins (3). Probiotics are known as dietary supplements containing live microbes that produce beneficial effects on the host body through the balance of intestinal microflora. The beneficial effects of probiotics through intestinal microflora are known. Probiotics are living microorganisms that will have beneficial health effects on the host in sufficient quantities and include species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus (4). The genus Lactobacillus are the most abundant microorganisms that can act as probiotics in the human body. This group of bacteria improves and enhances the function of the immune system, and probiotics, including Lactobacillus, increase the body's resistance to infections and cancers. Consumption of these bacteria increases the function of macrophages and the secretion of various substances, including immunoglobulins (5). The present study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-binding effects of probiotic Lactobacillus on Serachia marsens and possibly to introduce this bacterium as an inhibitor in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections.  Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 1997. Among 100 clinical sources, patients with urinary tract infections hospitalized in different hospitals of Arak were isolated and sterilized and transferred to the microbiology laboratory. Skim milk agar and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify microorganisms with proteolytic activity. Using specific primers, Serachia marsense was identified, and the ability to produce the specific pigment Geocin, which is specific to this species, was investigated. Based on macro and microscopic morphology and growth in specific environments, Serachia marcens isolate was obtained. The isolated strains were then stored in TSA media at 4 ° C and glycerinated TSB at -20 ° C until the experiment (7). Results: From 100 samples collected and studied, 12 bacteria of Ceracia martens were obtained. The results showed more biofilm in the strains carrying the lux gene, so the QS luxS gene could affect the initial biofilm formation by the mutant strain. In the present study, by examining the presence of lux gene in patients with clinical infections, its effect on pathogenicity was investigated. Lactobacillus rhamnosus was 1.09 times less than the untreated group, so the results of this study can be attributed to a wider range of probiotic performance, with a review of a wider range of probiotic strains By examining them further, we can identify the power of the effect of different strains of them. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, lactobacilli have an inhibitory role against many bacteria and the solution can be used in concentrated form, in which case, by increasing the effective compounds in the environment, possibly antibacterial activity. will increase. Methods such as chromatography can also be used to identify effective compounds secreted by these bacteria so that, if possible, by purifying and concentrating them, an effective biological solution to the application of chemicals and increasing resistance can be obtained. It provided a drug in bacteria, especially pathogenic strains.  Biofilm formation protects bacteria, including phagocytes and toxic molecules. Biofilm-producing lux gene carriers, such as Ceracia martensis, are more tolerant of antibiotics, which is an obstacle to their treatment. Probiotic bacteria have the ability to accumulate cells with complex pathogenic microbes. With their anti-binding effects, they prevent pathogenic bacteria from reaching and attaching to the target cell in their host. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-binding effects of probiotic Lactobacillus on the uropathogenic bacterium Ceracia martensis and possibly to introduce these bacteria in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. According to the results of the present study, by using probiotics and reducing the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation, we can see more success in the treatment process and use less common antibiotics.   6163 Clinical Psychiatry Introduction a Cognitive Behavioral Therapeutic Package Based on Factors Affecting the Psychological Problems of bereaved Children Aslipoor adeleh kalantari mehrdad samavatyan hossein abedi ahmad University of Isfahan University of Isfahan University of Isfahan University of Isfahan 1 12 2020 27 10 36 49 22 03 2020 08 06 2020   Background & Aim: Millions of children around the world experience grief as a result of various events. However, the experience of grief after the death of a parent has the greatest negative impact on children and some of them, for various reasons, cannot adapt to the absence of parents and develop emotional behavioral problems such as anxiety disorders, depression, aggression, hyperactivity and academic problems. Researches has used several treatments for grief children that have somewhat reduced their problems But it is essential to use treatment appropriate to the needs and problems of children. The purpose of this study was to introduce a cognitive behavioral therapeutic package based on factors affecting the psychological problems of bereaved children. Methods: The present research has been conducted qualitatively and in two ways: content analysis about interviews and thematic analysis about texts. The study population included mothers with grieving children, child therapists and books, published articles on grief in children. Ten mothers with grief children, 5 specialists in the field of grief children, and also internal and external books, dissertations and articles published and available from 1996 to 2020, were selected purposefully as the sample population. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and literature review. Colaizzi Method was used to analyze the interview information. After listening to and implementing the recorded statements, the following meaningful statements related to the factors affecting the psychological problems of children after the absence of a parent were underlined and important sentences were identified. Basic concepts that represent an important part of one's thinking were extracted and categorized based on similarity. Then they were linked together to create organizing concepts. Finally, were referred to the participants for confirmation of the factors obtained from the interviews. During the thematic analysis of the texts, first the meaningful sentences in books, articles and dissertations were underlined and named in the form of basic concepts. Finally, from several basic concepts that had a common theme, organizing themes were formed that covered the factors influencing the psychological problems of bereaved children. Results: Based on the coding of interviews with specialists and mothers as well as review of texts,  four organizing themes, including factors related to child, family, nature of death, and supportive factors were identified as the main factors affecting emotional behavior problems in grief children. Child-related factors were at the forefront of the factors identified in the formation of psychological problems of grief children, so these factors were given more attention in the treatment package and  were selected basic themes including expressing the child's thoughts and feelings about the death and deceased parent; comparing a child with peers and feeling different from them; child's level of understanding of the components of death; child coping strategies; the quality of the child's relationship with the deceased parent, surviving parent, siblings, peers and teacher. Since family-related factors of the second category were identified as effective factors in the occurrence of emotional behavioral problems in children, in particular, the significant role that the surviving parent has in reducing or increasing the problems of children mourning after the loss, so this factor was also considered in the treatment package. Among the family-related factors were the conditions of intervention and training for the researcher, lack of awareness of surviving parent from child's needs and problems after loss; and parenting styles of surviving parent, which were capable of modification, constituted the components of therapeutic package. Factors related to the nature of death and socio-supportive factors, because they could not be changed and manipulated by the researcher, despite their importance in causing problems for bereaved children, were not included in the treatment package. Cognitive-behavioral therapy package consists of 8 sessions of 45 minutes per week, the first to sixth sessions are for mourning children and the seventh and eighth sessions are for their mothers. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment package, the Child Behavior Checklist can be used before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Many causes can lead to or exacerbate psychological problems in bereaved children. Giving the opportunity to express emotions, informing the components of death on a cognitive level, and improving coping strategies and quality of children's relationships with people around, also modifying parenting styles and informing surviving parent from the needs of children after a loss, all prevent the emotional behavior problems of grief children. Considering the centrality of child-related factors in the formation of psychological problems of bereaved children and the focus of treatment sessions on children, the results of this study can be used in schools, kindergartens, counseling centers and other situations that may be encountered by bereaved children. Because children who face any loss for various reasons, especially the loss of parents, need special attention from those around them. . In addition, therapists working in the field of children can use the results of the present study in educating families and surviving parents, as well as planning to treat the emotional behavioral problems of children affected by the death of parents and other missing persons. 6340 Public Health Effects of 8-week selective corrective exercises program on the correction of lumbar lordosis and improving the balance in female karate athletes in Isfahan Mahdavinejad Reza Badihi Marziyeh University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 50 62 12 07 2020 01 09 2020  Background & Aims: Considering the integrity of the skeletal-muscular-neurological system and chain reactions, the optimal neuromuscular efficiency to maintain dynamic stability is established by the proper combination of proper alignment (static/dynamic) and stability strength, any defect in the body, and the useful function can alter the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The mechanical and coupling force of all muscles causes changes in different parts or even the performance of special components, devices, and organs related to the movement system (1,2). The excessive increase of the lumbar arch called the back of the pelvis or lordosis following a change in the position of the pelvis will affect the balance of the human locomotor system and cause numerous disorders in the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The aim of this study was to the effect of corrective exercises of America’s National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) on the correction of lumbar lordosis and improving the balance in female karate athletes (3,4). Methods: In this pre-test and post-test semi-experimental study, 40 female karate athletes of Isfahan (age: 18-25 years) participated. Inclusion criteria were consisted of: Female gender, aged between 18-25 years old, BMI between 18-25 kg/m2, affected by Hyperlordosis ≥58° (5), complete the consent form of the subjects for voluntary participation, have not participated in any rehabilitation program in the past six months, absence of pathological complications including a history of fractures, surgery, diseases, and joint disorders in the lumbar-pelvic-thigh area, no lower extremity abnormalities in different views and no mental illness, having at least five years of experience in training and competition In the provincial karate league. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. All participants signed an informed consent form before starting the study. Ethics approval was taken from the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran IR.UI.REC.1397.097, and was carried out according to the Helsinki Protocol. The intervention group received corrective exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week/ 45-60 minutes). All subjects were assessed at baseline, and after eight weeks, for lumbar curvature angle and static and dynamic balance performance by a flexible ruler (6,7), stork (8) and Y test (9), respectively. Qualified and trained examiner that assessed hyperlordosis, static, and dynamic balance was blind to the diagnosis and severity of hyperlordosis in a standing posture. Moreover, participants were examined in the habitual, relaxed posture that is usually adopted (10). Individuals were excluded from the study process if they participated in other physical activity and sports that may influence the study results, unwillingness to continue participating in the study, absence of more than three sessions in training, and non-participation in tests.  The statistical analysis was performed with statistical software, namely SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). All parameter outcomes were evaluated for each participant, and the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) were computed by descriptive statistics test in pre and post-session. The normality of the data and the homogeneity of the groups' variance were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Leven tests, respectively. Also, data analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis by SPSS software version 21. The significance level was established at p<0.05. Results: In the results of within and between group in lumbar lordosis angle, a significant difference was observed in the results of the experimental group (P <0.05). In addition, a significant difference was reported in static and dynamic balance test (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study aimed to correct lumbar lordosis and improve the static and dynamic balance of female karate athletes with NASM exercises. The results showed a significant improvement in the effect of 8 weeks of NASM training on lumbar lordosis angle (from 63.20 to 43.70 degrees), static balance (from 18.60 to 38.90 second) and dynamic balance (from 1.04 to 1.26 Meter). Overactivity and stiffness of the Psoas muscle, which may be caused by repetitive movements in karate athletes, cause inhibition of the antagonist's muscles, including the Glutes Maximus, as well as the stabilizer muscles of the pelvic girdle, including the Multifidus, Deep erector spine, Internal Oblique, and Transversus abdominis, thereby disrupting the extensor mechanism during functional patterns. Because in athletes, due to inhibition of the Glutes Maximus, the Latissimus dorsi muscle may be created as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the upright position of the torso and provide core stabilization and pelvis and throughout the motor chain, to be dominant (hyperactive) (1). The use of myofascial release techniques and static stretching leads to an inhibitory response in the muscle spindle and release the muscles tighten and shorten(1). On the other hand, despite the optimal length-tension relationships, subsequent use of corrective exercises for activation and integration exercises in underactive muscles, increases inter and intramuscular coordination, endurance in strength and optimal force couple relations, and can be desirable arthrokinematics (1,11). To improve the process of neuromuscular efficiency of the human movement system, which is one of the principles of NASM to create and use these techniques as a complete correctional planning system. Furthermore, optimal alignment and functioning of all components (and segments of each component) result in optimum length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, precise arthrokinematics, and neuromuscular control (1,11,12). Therefore, NASM exercises used in the current study as an effective way to improve lumbar-pelvic-hip complex muscle function and therefore reducing the lumbar lordosis angle can improve the balance of subjects and be used by athletes. 6356 Pathology Comparison the effect of Training with Foam Roller and Massage on Motor Performance of Hamstring and Cuff Muscles in Elderly Females SHakeri Nader Tabatabaei Hamid Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 63 72 20 07 2020 06 09 2020 Background & Aims: Aging is one of the problems that has developed in the industrial world today and is gradually developing in the third world. Advances in medical knowledge have increased life expectancy and thus increased the elderly population. Unfortunately, most older people suffer from several diseases and serious health problems. For example, with increasing age, muscle becomes weak for various reasons, reducing the size of muscle fiber, reducing the number of type 2 fibers, reducing the number of motor units and also reducing the ability to activate motor units, including factors involved in muscle weakness and reduction. Functional abilities of the elderly. Decreased flexibility of the hamstring and cuff muscles is associated with a wide range of injuries. Due to the role of these muscles in motor function on the one hand and the reduction of motor function in the elderly on the other hand, for the treatment of motor function in the elderly, various methods such as hydrotherapy, release techniques, massage and rolling foam training are suggested. In this regard, researchers cite evidence and reasons that show that the use of massage increases people's performance. As the massage relaxes the muscles. It can also help increase joint flexibility. However, there is conflicting information about the effect of massage. On the other hand, it is claimed that rolling foam corrects muscle imbalance. Rolling foam has been used in several rehabilitation programs to help soft tissue flexibility, increase range of motion, and optimally increase skeletal muscle function. Although the use of rolling foam has been strongly supported in research, there is little research to date in this field. Based on the above, the researcher seeks to answer the question whether there is a difference between the effect of two training programs with rolling foam and massage on the motor function of the hamstrings and cuff muscles in older women or not? Methods: The statistical population of the present quasi-experimental study consisted of elderly women in District 4 of Tehran in 1397. Among the volunteers, 45 people were randomly selected from among the volunteers and randomly divided into three massage groups (15 people). (N = 15) and control (n = 15) were divided. Then the massage group underwent 20 minutes of sessions in the first two weeks and 30 minutes of sessions in the third week and 3 sessions per week. The foam training group also performed 6 weeks, three sessions per week and one hour of foam training with soft to hard models. Before the start and one day after the last training session, the subjects performed motor performance tests again. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc were used to analyze the data using SPSS / 21 software at the significance level of p =0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of two training programs with foam rolling and massage on the range of motion of the hamstring muscles of the right and left legs on the one hand and the range of motion of the right and left hand cuff muscles on the other hand (p=0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the rolling foam group with massage (p=0.001), the rolling foam with control (p=0.001) and the massage with control (p=0.001). Conclusion: In the present study, the use of rolling foam and massage showed a significant effect on the motor function of hamstring and cuff muscles in elderly women. Research has reported that massage, by increasing lymph and venous rinsing, removes excess metabolic products, enhances deep tissue relaxation, facilitates the reduction of muscle fibers, and promotes greater tissue mobility. It seems that these factors increase the flexibility of massage by reducing stiffness at the level of a thread and increasing the optimal length of the muscle. On the other hand, flexibility is one of the important factors in performing performance tests. This may be the reason for the effect of massage on the motor function of the hamstring and cuff muscles. Also, having the right motivation and not feeling tired can affect your work capacity. Since the location and center of fatigue is the central nervous system, performance is also affected. Balance also depends on the proper functioning of the cerebellum, middle ear, vision, touch, tendons and joints, muscles, and the ability to coordinate these factors. Therefore, strengthening the effective factors in maintaining balance, including deep sense of joints can be effective in treating and preventing balance problems, and stimulating the tactile receptor of skin, muscles and capsules using massage can improve joint deep sense. And thus contribute to joint functional stability. It seems that massage with different mechanisms and the effect on flexibility, balance, reduction of fatigue and the factors involved in them improve motor function. Another finding showed that the use of rolling foam has a significant effect on the motor function of hamstring and cuff muscles in elderly women. This effect may be due to the effect of foam on flexibility. This is because the increase in flexibility may be due to the increase in the temperature of the muscles involved due to the use of rolling foam. The steady motion of the rolling foam may also increase the viscoelastic properties of the muscle by increasing the temperature of the intramuscular tissue and blood flow. When the fascia is exposed to heat and pressure, it softens and assumes a more liquid state, otherwise it thickens and its viscosity and solid state increase. Thikiotropic properties of fascia are another possible mechanism for increasing flexibility. Finally, the greater effect of massage than rolling foam may be due to the rolling position of the hamstring muscles, in which people may place their body weight on the hands or other parts of the body instead of the foam. It is also possible that pressure is not applied to all parts of the body in the same way.   6435 Clinical Psychiatry Effectiveness of Integrated Therapy Based On Perception of Lived Experiences of Divorced Women on Post-Divorce Adjustment and Emotional Autonomy Haghjou Mohammad Fallah Mohammad Hosein Asi Mozneb Abolghasem Vaziri Yazdi Saeed 1- PhD Student, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran, Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Ghoraan and Hadis, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 73 82 31 08 2020 07 11 2020 Background & Aims: Due to the effects of divorce and the increase in its rate in society in psychological issues, there is a need to study post-divorce adjustment and especially emotional self-control among divorced women and offer existing solutions. Divorced women in Iran, meanwhile, face a number of difficulties in coping with divorce and suffer mainly from poor emotional self-control [5, 6]. Therefore, studies such as the present study, which seeks to examine the perception of divorced women’s lived experiences of suffering, formulate a treatment based on it, with an integrated medical approach and specifically examine the effectiveness of this treatment on two major problems among divorced women, namely Adaptation after divorce and emotional self-control seem essential. In addition, due to the fact that women are more afraid of expressing the facts of divorce than men, it is necessary for related research in this field to pay more attention to the problems of divorced women. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotheistic integrated therapy based on the perception of lived experiences of divorced women on post-divorce adjustment and emotional autonomy. The present study was performed based on a quasi-experimental design. In this way, the developed treatment package was performed experimentally. Finally, integrated medical treatment based on the perception of divorced women's lived experiences of suffering was performed and based on multivariate analysis of variance, its effect on post-divorce adjustment and emotional self-control was examined and compared. The statistical population included all divorced women in Shiraz. In this way, from the divorced women of Shiraz, 15 people in the experimental group (model-based intervention) and 15 people in the control group (without treatment) were selected from a total of 30 people. Completed by members of experimental and control groups. Then, an integrated medical treatment package based on the perception of divorced women 's lived experiences of suffering was administered to the experimental group, while the control group was not exposed to any intervention. Integrated medical treatment based on perception of lived experiences of divorced women from suffering, at least in terms of one of the dependent variables, reduced the mean of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase. Integrated medical treatment based on perception of lived experiences of divorced women from suffering, Post-divorce adjustment is confirmed, as well as integrated medical treatment based on the perception of divorced women of their experiences of suffering, and emotional intelligence. Results: The results of multivariable analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the adjusted mean of emotional intelligence of the two groups in terms of group membership in the post-test phase, p<0.05. Also, there is a significant difference between the adjusted mean of emotional intelligence of the two groups in terms of group membership in the follow-up phase, p<0.05. Therefore, the hypothesis of the effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the perception of divorced women’s experiences of suffering on emotional intelligence was confirmed. This finding is inconsistent with research that measures the effect of other psychotherapies on emotional intelligence, such as the effect of metacognitive therapy, co-existent writing, and with studies such as the effectiveness of writing on emotional intelligence. Integrated medical treatment aims to increase self-control by developing adaptive habits and increasing self-acceptance and self-confidence. In other words, this treatment improves the individual's adjustment by changing the individual's behaviors and helping to create compromised behaviors to resolve post-divorce conflicts. Conclusion: Some of the limitations of the study are: the use of available samples due to reduced possibility of generalization of results, failure to compare integrated medical treatment based on lived experience of divorced women with other valid psychotherapies to determine more effective treatment, lack of frequent follow-up and For more than a month, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment over time, the lack of current research among men after the experience of divorce and the lack of effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the lived experience of divorced women suffering from other psychological problems in divorced women [8]. Considering the above, it is suggested: Considering the effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the lived experience of divorced women suffering from psychotherapists and divorce counselors, it is recommended to use this treatment to increase the adaptation of divorced women, according to the lived experience. With the suffering of divorced women to those involved in the field of divorce, it is suggested to increase the productivity of divorced women from mental health services, according to the lived experience with the suffering of divorced women, especially in social dimensions to those involved in the field of divorce Provide the necessary social support to divorced women, and numerous economic pressures on divorced women and difficulty in earning a living are among the important psychological stresses of women after experiencing divorce, so it is recommended to those involved in the field of divorce in the field Entrepreneurship and providing for the daily affairs of divorced women and their children in the economic dimension. 6590 Histology Expectations and perceptions of students about the quality of educational services during the corona to promote health using the Servqual model memar mahsa torkfar ahmad jamshidian leyla mirhosseini seyd mohammad ali دانشگاه آزاد شیراز دانشگاه آزاد شیراز دانشگاه آزاد شیراز دانشگاه آزاد شیراز 1 12 2020 27 10 83 92 13 11 2020 02 12 2020   Background & Aims: Gaps in expectations and perceptions of service delivery in an organization are inevitable; But what is important is the degree of gap in the field of inter-organizational competition. Now that the expansion of universities in Iran is moving from a quantitative to a qualitative stage, the need for such research to help improve the quality of education and further the health of students is felt more than ever. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of expectations and perceptions of Azad University students about the quality of educational services during the corona to promote health using the Servqual model. One of the effective factors in the success and survival of any organization, including higher education, is to pay attention to the quality of services. The current study was to examine the expectations and perceptions of Azad University students about the quality of educational services during the corona to promote health using the Servqual model. Methods: The present study is applied in terms of the type of research and according to the method of data collection is a descriptive and survey type of research and considering that the statistical population of this research is students of physical education in Islamic Azad universities in the south of the country (Fars , Bushehr, Hormozgan and Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad) in the academic year 1399-99, this research has been cross-sectional. Sampling was done in several steps, first the sample of all universities was calculated and then the sample of each university was obtained as a relative class and in a simple random sample in each university. Final sampling was performed. The required number of samples was determined using Morgan table 384 people, of which a total of 371 questionnaires were collected and analyzed statistically. Out of 371 people, 212 are men and 159 are women. Also, from the total number of participants, 154 people from Fars Islamic Azad University, 74 people from Bushehr Islamic Azad University, 62 people from Hormozgan Islamic Azad University and 81 people from Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Islamic Azad University were selected. In this descriptive-survey study, 371 physical education students of Islamic Azad universities in the south of the country (Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Kohkilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad) were selected by proportional stratified method. Using the standard questionnaire of five dimensions of Servqual model of Rasoulabadi et al. (2013), the necessary data were collected in two areas of perception and expectations. The collected data were analyzed by Wilcoxon method using SPSS-20 software. Results: The average perception in each of the dimensions of the quality of educational services to promote health is lower than the level of expectations, which has led to a negative gap. The values of this gap according to each component include tangible (-1.71), professors' competence (-1.44), accountability (-21.21), course content (-1.30), teaching method (-1.22)  and valid (-1/35); Therefore, prioritizing the dimensions of the quality of educational services of the free universities of the south of the country based on the students 'point of view is as follows: tangibles, professors' competence, credibility, course content, teaching method and accountability. Conclusion: In general, the results of the current study indicate that students are not satisfied with the quality of educational services of Islamic Azad universities in the south of the country and the educational services provided do not meet the expectations of students to promote educational and health factors. The gaps observed in all components and in the five dimensions of service quality can be used as a guide for proper planning and resource allocation. Therefore, it is recommended to improve and enhance the quality of services; Workshops should be held for faculty members, faculty members, and staff to enhance their technical and communication skills, and students' views should be used in educational programs to promote health with a student-centered perspective. Providing appropriate educational spaces and optimizing existing spaces can also be effective in increasing student satisfaction and health. The last point is that due to differences in courses and educational levels, equipment facilities, staff and faculty members in universities, as well as cultural, social, etc. characteristics in different societies, the views of service recipients on the quality of services, perceptions and Their expectations are different. Therefore, to improve the quality of educational services in the country, such research is recommended to other universities. But the present study has some limitations. This study was conducted among physical education students of Islamic Azad universities in the south of the country (Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kohkluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad). He was careful. Also, due to some characteristics of the statistical population used, such as different educational levels of the subjects and the small size of the research sample, the generalization of the research findings to other organizations should be done with caution.   6018 Exercise Physiology The effect of pumpkin seeds hydroalcoholic extract and endurance training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in Ovarian tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide Asghari Shahrzad Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali Maghsoud Peeri Matin Homaee Hasan Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 93 104 08 12 2019 30 12 2019 Background & Aims: Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly active chemical compounds that can cause oxidative damage to tissues by attacking macromolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. There are several defense mechanisms in the body against free radicals. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense systems. Increasing the production of free radicals due to exposure to environmental oxidants and increasing their production in the body and reducing the antioxidant capacity causes oxidative stress. This imbalance in Pro-oxidants-antioxidant balance (PAB) causes damage to cell DNA and intracellular organs, especially mitochondria. Studies have shown the positive effects of regular exercise on improving the ratio of prooxidants to antioxidants and factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA degradation. Some studies have suggested increasing the use of antioxidants or antioxidant supplements during or after exercise to reduce the peroxidation of lipids and proteins, thereby reducing the destructive effects of oxidative active species on cells and tissues. Pumpkin seeds are rich sources of proteins, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic, linolenic, vitamins (A, B, E and folic acid) and antioxidants such as carotenoids, lutein, tocopherol. Are chlorophyll and elements such as zinc and selenium, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the reproductive organs. Due to the fact that pumpkin contains these compounds, it is likely to affect the function of the pituitary gland axis and the concentration of sex hormones. Phenolic compounds in pumpkin seed extract inhibit lipid peroxidation, these compounds also inhibit free radicals. The protective role of pumpkin seed extract on ovarian DNA damage parameters has not been elucidated yet. It is necessary to evaluate the ratio of prooxidants to antioxidants and the balance between them. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of pumpkin seeds hydroalcoholic extract and endurance training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in the Ovarian tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 42 female Wistar rats randomly were divided into 7 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 14 days intraperitoneal. Rats in supplemented groups received hydrophilic the rats received supplemental hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage method. Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, rat Ovarian tissue was collected. Data were analyzed using by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that Aerobic training, pumpkin seed and combined intervention of pumpkin seeds with aerobic training resulted in a significant increase of methyl guanine levels and oxidant-prooxidant (PAB) equilibrium, as well as a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Ovarian tissue (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that aerobic training, pumpkin seeds and intervention of pumpkin seeds and aerobic training improves the levels of PAB, MDA, ATP and 6-methylguanine in the ovarian tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism that reduces lipid peroxidation in the exercise group is glycemic control and reduction of fat profile parameters after exercise, which provides important effects on reducing oxidative stress parameters and provides more support for evidence of the possible protective effect of exercise against oxidative stress. the results of studies show the positive effects of exercise on oxidative stress, which can also be useful for reducing the concentration of lipid peroxidation in conditions of increased oxidative stress and imbalance between ROS production. Another important possible mechanism of exercise-induced cellular protection may be the ability to block the formation of free radicals. Oxygen-reactive species are produced in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain as a natural product, but can lead to cell death when their levels exceed cell antioxidant capacity. The first mechanism that affects the indicators of oxidative stress following exercise is exercise status (type, intensity and duration of exercise). Long-term exercise training counteracts this effect by increasing antioxidant enzymes and thus reducing the production of free radicals. Therefore, it seems that aerobic training in the present study can be a good solution to treat metabolic disorders and reduce DNA damage in ovarian tissue following hydrogen peroxide toxicity. The mechanism of the effect of pumpkin seed extract on the oxidative parameters of reproductive organs has not been precisely determined. Pumpkin seeds, if used as a medicinal and herbal supplement, are a good source of zinc and unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols, which are effective in preventing chronic diseases of the reproductive organs, especially the ovaries. Pumpkin seeds contain phytoestrogens. One of the side properties of phytoestrogens is antioxidant activity. Therefore, in the present study, the phytoestrogens in pumpkin seed extract may have reduced lipid peroxidation and reduced DNA damage in ovarian tissue. In addition, pumpkin seeds contain amounts of the element zinc. The zinc in pumpkin seeds acts as an antioxidant against free radical attack and prevents oxidation and free radical formation. In the present study, 1 g and 2 g of pumpkin seed extract could help improve the oxidative conditions of ovarian tissue. Pumpkin seed extract seems to be able to reduce the DNA damage to ovarian tissue due to its antioxidant effects. In the present study, there were limitations in the present study, including the study of animal specimens. Other limitations of this study include lack of measurement of other oxidant-prooxidant factors. According to the results, it seems that intervention of pumpkin seeds and aerobic training can help increase the balance of oxidant-prooxidant to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce ovarian tissue DNA damage. 5893 Pediatric Cardiology Clinical Use of Electrocardiography (ECG) in Children with Breath-Holding Spells Arianpouya Zahra Ghandi Yazdan Shariatmadari Fakhreddin Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak University of Medical Sciences 1 12 2020 27 10 105 114 28 08 2019 06 07 2020 Background & Aims: Breath holding spell (BHS) is one of the most common benign non-epileptic paroxysmal attacks in children triggered by a provocative action such as emotional distress and partial damage, and continues with breath-holding, cyanosis and syncope. They vary in how often they occur and how severe they are, however, decrease in frequency is obvious as the autonomic nervous system develops. Although these spells are benign, they can be terrifying to observers. Given their similarity to epileptic seizures, it is initially vital to differentiate these spells from epileptic seizures so that the child is not inappropriately treated with antiepileptic medications. Approximately 20–30 % of affected children's parents is reported to have a history of the condition. A disorder in central autonomic regulation probably transmitted by autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance is recognized to be the major cause. This study aimed to compare the electrocardiographic components and the demographic data of children with BHS and healthy children. Methods: In this prospective and cross-sectional study, the population consisted of 60 children with BHS were selected as case group and 60 healthy children as controls who were the same in terms of age and sex. ECG was taken from all children, along with a history of previous spells and demographic information, by a researcher-made questionnaire at Amirkabir Hospital. As well as, a thorough clinical examination was conducted with special emphasis on the patient’s personal history, including age and gender, complaint (i.e., type of BHS, its duration and the provoking factors), family history of similar conditions and consanguinity, and developmental history. A “spell” or “episode” was defined as the stoppage of child’s breathing during expiration after a deep inspiration while crying. The spells were classified into two types of cyanotic and pallid spells. The study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.191) for experiments involving humans. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS V24 software. Results: Echocardiography was normal in all children (n = 120) and did not show any abnormality. During the period of study (one year), 60 children were diagnosed with breath holding spells by clinical evaluation in Amirkabir Hospital located in Arak. The mean age was 25.75 ± 12.68 months for patients and 24.23 ± 13.36 for controls with an age range from 6 months to 5.5 years. The studied population consisted of 69 females and 51 males with no significant difference in their mean age (p <0.05). Among 60 children with BHS in the current study, 68.33% had cyanotic, 11.67% had pallid and 20% had mixed BHS. Anemia was also significant between the two groups. By calculating the mean values of P wave, PR segment, T wave, P and QRS amplitude, there was no significant difference between two groups of children with BHS and healthy children, while there was a significant difference between them in other ECG parameters. There was no significant difference for T wave among affected children and healthy children. In several studies, T wave peak and T end interval on the surface of ECG is found to be a useful marker for predicting the risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias. T wave was measured in the current study in children with BHSs and healthy children and no significant difference was observed between these two groups. P-wave amplitude was then analyzed and no significant difference was observed between patients with 101.3 ± 10.8 mv and controls with 100.0 ± 00.0 mv. Additionally, there was statistically significant difference in QTcd between children with BHS (29.60 ± 19.85 ms) and controls (39.28 ± 4.1 ms). The difference in T interval was statistically significant between patients and control with values of 60.0 ± 26.5 ms and 40.0 ± 00.0 ms, respectively (P<0.01). According to our exclusion criteria, cases with persistent prolonged QT syndrome (LQTS) were not included in this study as prolonged QT syndrome associated with syncope is a serious condition needing interference up to pacemaker implantation. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, familial history and anemia can have a positive effect on children with BHS. As BHSs are similar to some hazardous conditions such as long QT syndrome, evaluating electrocardiographic parameters is required in addition to clinical examinations and demographic information in children with BHS. And given that no research has been conducted on children with BHS in their adulthood, it is recommended to check the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these individuals in adulthood so that if such complications are observed, more attention should be paid to BHS treatment.   6107 Microbiology Therapeutic and anticancer effects of nanoparticles Moshref javadi Mahtab Soleimani Neda Shahid Beheshti University Shahid Beheshti University 1 12 2020 27 10 115 134 02 02 2020 14 06 2020   Cancer is a commonly lethal disease that causes many deaths every year around the world. Cancer, the uncontrolled proliferation of cells where apoptosis is greatly disappeared, requires very complex process of treatment. Because of complexity in genetic and phenotypic levels, it shows clinical diversity and therapeutic resistance. A variety of approaches are being practiced for the treatment of cancer each of which has some significant limitations and side effects. Based on the actual data, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates ~13.1 million deaths associated to cancer by 2030. It is becoming clear for many researchers that the low survival rate is due to the lack of adequate drug delivery systems and not due to the lack of potent, natural, or synthetic anti tumoral agents. Therefore, there is a real need to develop carriers and delivery systems which would be able to deliver the chemotherapeutic agents only at the specific target site and improve the efficiency of treatment and consequently limiting the unwanted systemic side effects. Existing therapies have failed to meet the therapeutic need for all types of cancer. Therefore, the use of new technologies in cancer prevention and treatment can be helpful. In recent years, extensive research has been done on nanoparticles. The advent of nanotechnology has a profound impact on many areas of health care and scientific research. Common cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, may reduce the size of the tumor, but the effect is transient and has no positive effect on patient survival. In addition, chemotherapy drugs damage the immune system and reduce white blood cells, which makes patients more susceptible to infections. Sometimes chemotherapy reduces the number of red blood cells, which can make the patient feel very tired, short of breath, dizzy and light.Therefore, replacing more effective, specific and less side effects with higher anti-cancer activity is a dominant issue in clinical oncology. Greater targeting selectivity and better delivery efficiency are the 2 major goals in the development of therapeutic agents or imaging contrast formulations. Ideally, a therapeutic drug would be selectively enriched in the tumor lesions with minimal damage to normal tissues. A rational approach to achieve these goals is to conjugate therapeutic drugs with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or other ligands that selectively bind to antigens or receptors that are usually abundantly or uniquely expressed on the tumor cell surface. Several ligand‐targeted therapeutic strategies, including immunotoxins, radioimmunotherapeutics, and drug immunoconjugates, are being developed. These conjugated agents have demonstrated promising efficacy compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs in preclinical and clinical trials. Furthermore Nanoparticles attached to cancer marker targeted antibodies could detect cancer at earlier phases of cancer development, better than existing methods. Novel designed nanomaterials could carry payload of cytotoxic drugs or lethal toxins inside cancer cells and defy host immune defence and protect normal cells, thereby could result in cancer cure with least side effects. For example; Radiation treatment is non-specific; therefore, intratumour injection of nanomaterials could generate short-range electrons inside tumour and enhance radiation lethality to tumour and no effects to the normal tissues. Topical or parenteral injection of nanomaterials during surgical procedure could add surgeons to precisely take out tumour with useful surgical margin. Nanotechnology is a vast field of unexplored science which is unknown to medical field could possibly redefine cancer treatment. Rapid growth in nanotechnology toward the development of nanomedicine agents holds massive promise to improve therapeutic approaches against cancer. Nanomedicine products represent an opportunity to achieve sophisticated targeting strategies and multifunctionality. Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) have multiple applications in different branches of science. In recent years, NPs have repetitively been reported to play a significant role in modern medicine. They have been analyzed for different clinical applications, such as drug carriers, gene delivery to tumors, and contrast agents in imaging. A wide range of nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid, or glycan compounds, as well as on synthetic polymers has been utilized for the development and improvement of new cancer therapeutics. Nanotechnology could provide a tremendous platform to boost the efficacy of therapeutic systems from the bench to clinical applications.The gradual maturation of nanotechnology has received widespread attention not only for cancer treatment but also for a wide variety of applications, especially for drug delivery and diagnostic and imaging applications. There are different types of nanoparticles available and choosing the right carrier according to demand is a key issue. Nanotechnology has been extensively studied and exploited for cancer treatment as nanoparticles can play a significant role as a drug delivery system. Compared to conventional drugs, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has specific advantages, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. In addition, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been shown to play a role in overcoming cancer-related drug resistance. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance include overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and hypoxic environment. Nanoparticles targeting these mechanisms can lead to an improvement in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, as more tumor drug resistance mechanisms are revealed, nanoparticles are increasingly being developed to target these mechanisms. Moreover, scientists have recently started to investigate the role of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, which plays a more important role in cancer treatment. The nanoparticles are quite close in size to the biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell. Nanoparticles can also have different surface properties by binding protective ligands to increase the resistance of the nanoparticles to the immune system and to increase their circulation and even to bind specific ligands to the target tissues tract. Moreover, nanomaterials can also be designed for increased drug loading, improved half-life in the body, controlled release, and selective distribution by modifying their composition, size, morphology, and surface chemistry. Recent progress in cancer nanotechnology raises exciting opportunities for personalized oncology in which diagnosis and treatment are based on the molecular profiles of individual patients. In this review, we will address first the types and characteristics of nanoparticles and the roles of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy and describe the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery as well as its function on reversing drug resistance. 6387 Exercise Physiology The effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training and n-chromosomal royal jelly on G6Pase gene expression in hepatocytes, glucose levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats Yeylaghi Ashrafi Mohammad Reza Abednatanzi Hossein Ghazalian Farshad Ph.D. student of sports physiology, Department of physical education, Faculty of literature, humanity and social science, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of physical education, Faculty of literature, humanity and social science, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 135 150 08 08 2020 27 09 2020 Background & Aims: The aim of this study was the interactive effect of High Intensity Exercise Training (HIIT) and n-chromosomal royal jelly on G6Pase gene expression in liver hepatocytes and glucose levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Intense interval training is usually performed with intensities above 90% of the maximum heart rate and short rest periods and a training duration of less than 20 minutes. Royal Jelly is a yellowish white substance secreted by the submandibular glands of worker bees and by the queen bee is consumed throughout its life and the larvae during the growing period. Due to their anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory effects, various drugs are obtained from gellerial. Evidence from studies shows that the possibility of increased glucose-6-phosphatase expression plays an important role in increasing hepatic glucose production. Therefore, this article intends to report the interactive effect of HIIT and consumption of n-chromosomal royal jelly on glucose regulatory factors. Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of rats. After 20 weeks of high-fat diet, rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg STZ per kg body weight. Mice with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg / dL were considered to have type 2 diabetes. Mice were treated in 4 groups: 6-head diabetic control, 8-period periodic training, 7-head Royal Jelly, 8-head Periodic Exercise, and 8-head Royal Jelly training group and training protocol and gel-royal gavage. The HIIT protocol consisted of eight weeks of aerobic exercise, five sessions per week with a gradual increase in extreme frequency from 22 to 38 meters per minute and a rest period of 16 to 22 meters per minute for 15 to 34 minutes by running on a treadmill. Running time increased from 16 minutes in the first week to 34 minutes in the eighth week. At the end of the training period and 48 hours after the last training session, the experimental training groups and after 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by ether anesthetic. Blood samples were collected from the heart. Glucose was measured using an auto-analyzer. Insulin measured by a special kit of Pars Azmoun Company. The insulin resistance index was calculated using the formula and gene expression was also determined by PCR. To describe the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance and Ben Foroni post hoc test were used to compare the differences between groups and two-factor analysis of variance and effect size index were used to compare the effect of each of the independent variables. Significance level it was considered p≤0.05.  Results: 1. Mean glucose concentration (mg / dL) in the exercise group (138.25) compared to the control (333.83) was significantly reduced (p= 0.005) and in the exercise-royal gel group (134) compared to the royal gel group (131.57) had no significant difference (p= 0.992) and had a significant decrease compared to the control in the gel exercise group (p= 0.001). 2. Mean mean insulin concentration (IUI / ml) in the exercise group (6.22) was significantly increased compared to the control (3.89) (P = 0.005) and in the exercise-royal gel group (5.12) compared to the royal gel group (7.36) p= 0.992) but the royal jelly group had a significant increase compared to the control. And in the exercise group, Royal Jelly had a non-significant increase compared to control. 3. The mean insulin resistance index in the exercise group (2.04) was significantly lower than the control group (3.18) and gelravial (2.31) (p= 0.044).  4. The mean ratio of G6pase gene expression in the exercise group (1.43) and in the exercise-gel-royal group (2.74) increased significantly compared to the control (1) and compared to gel-royal (0.45) but the expression of G6pase gene in the group Royal jelly decreased compared to control, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Since increasing glucose production from non-carbohydrate pathways in the process of hepatic gluconeogenesis as well as accelerating the glycolysis process ultimately leads to increased hepatic glucose release, especially in diabetic patients. The findings of the present study revealed that the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis the liver is affected by exercise combined with royal jelly. Eight weeks of HIIT alone, in interaction with n-chromosomal royal jelly, increased G6Pase expression in the hepatocytes of type 2 diabetic rats compared with controls who did not participate in the exercise program, but the gel only decreased expression. The gene was compared to the control group. The possibility of increased liver G6Pase expression during acute exercise is due to the fact that this gene is positively regulated by prolonged fasting in rodents. On the other hand, it is also noted that insulin signaling pathways it plays an important role in controlling the expression of gluconeogenic genes such as G6Pase, which regulates the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis. It has been suggested that G6Pase encoding is strongly mediated by transcription of some key hormones, especially insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and glucocorticoids. Insulin is the most important regulatory factor in inhibiting gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose production in post-meal conditions. In other words, although free fatty acids, glucocorticoids, and glucagon increase G6Pase expression, insulin strongly inhibits the expression of these genes. Based on the available evidence, the decrease in G6Pase gene expression in the Royal Jelly group can be attributed to a further increase in insulin levels in response to long-term use of Royal Jelly. Compared to the control group, intermittent aerobic exercise led to a significant reduction in glucose and insulin resistance index. Improvement of glycemic profile in response to periodic exercise and royal jelly in diabetic rats can be attributed to changes in glucose levels and beta cell function as well as changes in the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes.   5691 Exercise Physiology The effect of taurine supplementation on some cardiometabolic parameters and physical fitness components at rest and following an exhaustive exercise session in active men Mostafaei Shoresh Moradi Fatah Ebadi Behloul MSc of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran MSc of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran 1 12 2020 27 10 151 166 03 04 2019 07 12 2019 Background & Aims: Taurine has several biological and physiological roles in athletes and active individuals. It can protect against oxidative stress in a variety of conditions and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. Taurine has several biological and physiological roles in athletes. Due to the numerous effects associated with the action of taurine in the human body, some researchers have tried to identify the relationship between this micronutrient and physical exercise. More research is needed to determine which population groups can benefit most from taurine supplementation, and it is necessary to study on participants with different age, health, and exercise status. Also, the effect of taurine supplementation on the response of cardio-metabolic indicators to an exhaustive exercise session in active men is another subject that has been less studied so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on some cardiometabolic parameters and components of physical fitness at rest and following an exhaustive exercise session in active men. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test assessments and twenty active men with an experience of at least two years of regular training were selected from among taekwondo players in the city of Saghez and were randomly divided into two experimental (supplementation, n=10) and control (placebo, n=10) groups. The research was done via available sampling and the subjects were randomly assigned to the groups. The assessments were carried out in three stages (pre-supplementation, post-supplementation, and immediately after an exhaustive exercise session). Pre-test evaluations were performed on two consecutive days at about 8 a.m. On the first day, resting blood pressure was measured and a blood samples (10 cc) of the volunteers were taken from a brachial vein in a sitting position. Bruce treadmill test was immediately performed to assess aerobic power (cardio-respiratory function). Then, the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of the volunteers including height, weight, body mass index and body fat percent were measured. Also, chest press and leg press tests were performed to evaluate muscle strength. On the second day, RAST (running-based anaerobic speed test) was performed to assess anaerobic power and then the curl up and chin up tests were performed to assess muscular endurance. The period of supplementation was fourteen days. Each day before breakfast and dinner, the experimental group received two 2-gram capsule of taurine and the placebo group consumed four grams of starch in the same period. During the supplementation period, subjects in both groups performed their routine exercise program under the supervision of a trainer. The training program included general and specialized taekwondo exercises, three days a week. The duration of each training session was approximately 90 minutes, including 10 minutes of warm-up, 70 minutes of special taekwondo exercises and 10 minutes of cool-down. Post-test evaluations were performed 48 hours after the supplementation period. Bruce treadmill test was used as an exhaustive exercise session and immediately, the third blood samples were taken. To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: A period of taurine supplementation had no significant effect on aerobic power, muscle endurance, anaerobic power, muscle strength, blood pressure, body fat percent and lipid profile in active men (p>0.05), but decreased levels of glucose (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.003) and insulin resistance (p=0.001). Also, taurine supplementation had no effect on the response of lipid profile, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance to an exhaustive exercise session in active men (p>0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of taurine for fourteen days (four grams per day) does not appear to affect physical fitness components, blood pressure, body fat percent, and lipid profile levels at rest and following an exhaustive exercise in active men, but decreases resting levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance. These findings are consistent with the results of some previous research and not with others. The inconsistency of the findings of the present study with previous research can be attributed to the methodological differences of these studies such as cardio-metabolic and physical fitness components have been studied, health status of subjects (healthy or non-healthy), time interval between the end of the supplementation period and performing assessments, the length of the supplementation period (short or long term) and the species of subjects (mouse, human, etc). Carrying out similar studies in other demographic groups (e.g. sedentary men or cardiovascular patients), on a number of other indicators of physical or cardiovascular function, with different doses/periods of taurine supplementation or with physical exercise intervention can provide new research fields for researchers and augment existing knowledge in this field. 6031 Exercise Physiology The Effect of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) Seed Hydroalcoholic Extract and Aerobic Training on Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers and DNA Damage in Liver Tissues in Rats Toxicated by Hydrogen Peroxide Foladi Forogh Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali Peeri Maghsoud Ghazaliyan Farshad Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 1 12 2020 27 10 167 177 14 12 2019 30 12 2019 Background & Aims: Under normal conditions, the aerobic metabolism of the liver takes place with the constant production of pro-oxidants such as reactive oxygen species, which maintain the balance through their consumption at a similar rate by antioxidants. Slow imbalance in the ratio of prooxidants-antioxidants suggests the hypothesis of oxidative stress in body tissues. Oxidative stress is a condition during which the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) is disrupted and the redox state (oxidation-regeneration) leads to the disruption of this balance. During this process, free radicals are created on the surface of the cell membrane and cause damage to the cell membrane and the membrane of the organelles inside the cell, especially mitochondria. On the other hand, the abnormal increase in lipid peroxidation leads to damage to cell membranes and organelles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of fatty acid oxidation, and measuring the level of malondialdehyde as an index of lipid peroxidation is of special clinical importance in determining the amount of free radicals. An increase in the tissue level of malondialdehyde is a sensitive and specific criterion related to lipid autooxidation. In the conditions of increasing or decreasing inhibition of free radicals, an imbalance in prooxidant expression is created, which is the basis and principle of the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases. Hepatic is mentioned. It has been found that regular physical exercises increase the antioxidant status in many tissues, including the liver. Some studies have shown the positive effects of physical exercise on improving the ratio of prooxidants and factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA degradation. On the other hand, the evidence shows that in various physiological and pathological conditions, endogenous antioxidants cannot completely prevent oxidative damage. Purslane, with the scientific name Portulaca Oleracea, belongs to the genus Portulaca and is a widely used plant among medicinal plants, it is a strong source of omega-3 fatty acids, beta-carotene, ballotins, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, glutathione, noradrenaline, and dopamine. As mentioned, the imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant factors will increase oxidative stress markers, which will ultimately affect the mitochondrial function of the cell. The beneficial effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on preventing the progression of mitochondrial disorders have been shown, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Studies show that the increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species in both chronic and acute forms, under pathophysiological conditions, is essential for the development of liver diseases. Antioxidants that are effective against ROS can play a major role in limiting liver diseases and their clinical disorders such as diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Therefore, despite these problems and disorders, it is necessary to investigate the ratio of prooxidants and antioxidants and the balance between them, and gaining a correct view of this situation can help people who are prone to liver diseases and follow-up treatment with Antioxidant supplements are of great help. Considering the potential role of purslane seeds and regular physical exercises to deal with oxidative damage, this research aims to investigate the effect of purslane seeds and aerobic exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and liver tissue DNA damage in female rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: In an experimental trial, 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) intraperitoneally for 14 days. Rats in the supplemented groups received purslane hydroalcoholic extract with doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg per day by gavage method. Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 meters per minute, 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week, and for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05. Purslane seeds and the combined intervention of purslane seeds with aerobic training led to a significant increase in the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and oxidant-prooxidant balance (PAB), as well as a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP levels ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of female rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide (P<0.05). The interactive effect of aerobic exercise and purslane seeds was higher than supplementation and exercise alone. Conclusion: According to the findings, the combined intervention of regular aerobic exercises and consumption of different doses of purslane supplement is a modulating factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and effective in reducing liver tissue DNA damage. In summary, the results of the present research showed that purslane seeds and the combined intervention of purslane seeds with aerobic exercise are modulating factors in mitochondrial biogenesis and are effective in reducing liver tissue DNA damage. Therefore, it is recommended to use the combined intervention of aerobic exercise and purslane seeds as a preventive method for liver damage. In the future, it is suggested to conduct a study on different protocols of aerobic exercise and purslane seeds on the structure and function of liver tissue. The results of the present study showed that aerobic exercise led to the improvement of PAB, MDA, ATP, and 6-methylguanine levels in the liver tissue of female rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. About the effect of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA damage in liver tissue, there have been few studies that have expressed different mechanisms in the interpretation of the results. Several studies have tried to find effective mechanisms in improving mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA damage following exercise; The body has sufficient antioxidant reserves to deal with ROS production under physiological conditions, but when ROS production increases, as occurs during exercise, the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants favors prooxidants may occur and may lead to disruption of redox control and signaling or molecular damage.