39 2228-7043 Iran University of Medical Sciences 3818 Psychiatry The executive functions among people with heroin dependence Safarzade Somayeh Sabahi Parviz 1 8 2016 23 146 1 9 11 07 2015 02 05 2016 Background: Drug abuse create for individuals according to the type substance undesirable  effects. The aim of current study was to compare the executive functions among heroin dependence and normal Individuals. Methods: The method of current research was causative-comparative that done on two groups of heroin dependence and  normal Individuals. Consumer substance group include 30 patients of  heroin dependence that were selected among those referred to addiction treatment centers of Gonabad city according to available sampling. The comparison group consisted of 30 normal individuals  that were matched in terms of age, gender and education groups with group of heroin dependence. To collect data was used Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Data analyzed with SPSS-16 software and Multivariate Analysis. Results:The results of multivariate analyze showed a significant difference between heroin dependence and normal individuals in executive function. Group of Heroin dependence were lower performance on the Wisconsin card sorting test compared with the normal group. Conclusion: Considering the results, it can be inferred that heroin dependence has damaging effects on the brain executive functions.
3852 Microbiology The frequency and antibiotic resistance modeling in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different parts of Tehran hospitals Habibi Alireza d Amir Mozafari nour e Fallah Mehrabadi Jalil f Kazemi Darsanky Reza g d Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran e University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran f Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran g Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran 1 8 2016 23 146 10 16 07 08 2015 02 05 2016 Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and determine the antimicrobial resistance in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different parts of Tehran hospitals in 2013. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, during the six-month period, 180 samples were collected from different parts of eight hospitals in Tehran using of targeted sampling of the Modal Instance type. Biochemical tests were performed to identify the species and level of antibiotic-resistant in studied isolates by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. The Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis under the IBM SPSS 22 software. Results: The 159 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (111 males and 48 females) were identified of 180 clinical samples. Strains isolated from wound (%44/1) and urine (%29/8) had the highest frequency. Also %97.5 of strains were hemolytic and only %2.5 were non- hemolytic (gamma hemolytic). The %88 of the isolates were resistant to at least one or more of an antibiotic. The Most antibiotic resistance was observed against cefotaxime (%62.9) and Aztreonam (%60.4) and %70 of strains were multiple drug resistance (MDR). Conclusion: In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed the lowest resistance to imipenem that the antibiotic may be recommended as the main treatment option. The high prevalence of multidrug resistant strains, is a serious warning. 3592 Exercise Physiology Resistance training and consumption of Glechoma extracts on selection of spirometric indices in men with respiratory diseases barari alireza h kazemi mostafa i h islamic azad university i islamic azad university 1 8 2016 23 146 17 25 17 03 2015 02 05 2016 Background: Respiratory function is influenced by various factors such as environmental factors, physical training and nutrition.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training and component of Glechoma extract on the selection of spirometric indices in men with respiratory diseases. Methods: Statistical population of this study consisted of men with respiratory diseases in the gas company workers in Tehran. For this purpose, 48 male with respiratory diseases and with age range of 45 ± 3 years, were selected and were divided randomly into four groups of 12 people. This groups included training group, Glechoma, training and Glechoma and control groups. Physical training program include of circular resistance training program in respiratory muscles that for eight weeks, three times in a week and each session was 30 to 40 minutes and With regard to the principle of overload. Consumption of Glechoma Extract with amount of 5mg/kg/day was used . spirometric indices include: FEV1 / FVC, PEF, FEF25% -75%, FIVC FVC, FEV1 was performed before and after of eight weeks resistance training. For the analysis of all variables used Paired T-tests and ANCOVA in levels of significant at P ≤ .05 and also use bonefrony test . Results: The results showed that resistance training and consumption of Glechoma extract were significant increasing in the index of FVC, FEV1, PEF. But resistance training and consumption of Glechoma extract were not statistically significant on indicators of FEV1 / FVC, FEF25%-75%, FIVC . Conclusion: The results showed that circular resistance training in breathing muscles and Glechoma extract can improve function selection of respiratory indicators. 3980 Educational Health the impact of teacher education on promoting knowledge, attitude and performance of students in prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Application of the HBM model chatripour rahmat Shojaeizadeh Davoud Tol azar Sayehmiri Kourosh m Asfeia Abolghasem n Kia Fatemeh o m Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran n Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran o Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 8 2016 23 146 26 35 14 10 2015 02 05 2016 Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disability around the world. Education based on training models such as the health belief model is one of the most basic methods of prevention of diseases. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of teacher education based on the HBM model on promoting knowledge, attitude and performance of students in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Method: This interventional study was conducted on 78 first grade high school teachersand 467 of their students in the city of Dehloran during 2013-2014. Teachers were divided into two groups of intervention (n=41) and control (n=37) and students were also divided into two groups of intervention (n=249) and control (n=218). Intervention group teachers participated in 6 planned educational sessions based on the HBM model using teaching aids. Teachers completed questionnaires after 3 months and students after 6 months. Data was analyzed by SPSS software through descriptive tests, paired-t test and independent t-test. Findings: The perceived benefits structure significantly changed for teachers in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (p <0.01). The performance of intervention group students significantly changed in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Educational intervention can be used as an effective factor in reducing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in teachers and students through the HBM model from low ages. 2702 Rheumatology Somatic cell reprogramming: on the progress road toward establishment of induced pluripotent stem cell as a scleroderma disease model Ranjbar Niavol Fazeleh p Baharvand Hossein Aghdami Nasser p Royan Institute Royan Institute Royan Institute 1 8 2016 23 146 36 45 19 09 2013 31 05 2016 Scleroderma- one of the important autoimmune diseases- leads to death of endothelial cells as one of the early events of this disease. The lack of repair after the loss of endothelial cells is observed in these patients and although, its cause has remained unknown. The development of effective treatments for many rheumatoid diseases requires a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the disease. Because of physiological and anatomical and developmental differences between human and other species, a proper scleroderma animal model which represent all aspects of the disease has not been generated yet. So, making a patient-based system to mimic a developmental defect and evaluating its probable repair mechanism is considered as a necessity. For this reason, the development of a model system which can be an evaluation of molecular and developmental defects and also explain the possible repair mechanism, would be considered as a requirement. Like other studies, using patient-specific cell as a limitless source, could provide new hope for development of novel therapeutic approaches for patient with scleroderma. 3677 Physiotherapy Immediate effects of insole on dynamic balance in the individuals with flat feet Salehi Reza Habibian Sara Saadat Maryam Mehravar Mohammad Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science 1 8 2016 23 146 46 53 14 05 2015 02 05 2016 Background: One of the most common foot problems is flat foot, which causes pain in the leg complex and postural control deficits. One way to treat flat foot is the use of therapeutic insoles. Insoles can change the distribution of load through the foot and ankle and decrease pain. The aim of this study was to (1) comparing dynamic balance of individuals with flat feet and healthy subjects (2) investigating the effect of insoles on dynamic balance in people with flat feet. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 patients with flat foot and 20 healthy volunteers. The Star Excursion Balance Test was used to assess the dynamic balance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences. Results: The results showed that people with flat foot achievement in the Star Excursion Balance Test was significantly lower than healthy controls. In present study, use of therapeutic insoles in flat feet subjects, cause a significant increase in the scores of Star Excursion Balance Test (p<0.05). Conclusion: The decrease of medial longitudinal arch imposed inappropriate distribution of stresses on the plantar fascia, joints and ligaments of the foot and ankle structures and thus will cause postural dysfunction in people with flat feet. Immediately after using therapeutic insole, dynamic balance will improve 3951 Exercise Physiology The effects of progressive resistance training on plasma concentrations of plasma apelin and insulin resistance in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes afshoun pour mohammad taher habibi abdolhamid ranjbar rohola Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran 1 8 2016 23 146 54 65 17 09 2015 02 05 2016 Background: Apelin is a novel adipokine that is closely related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of progressive resistance training on plasma concentrations of plasma apelin and insulin resistance in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: twenty seven types 2 diabetic men selected as subjects and were randomly assigned into two exercise (n=15 aged 46.40 ± 3.02 yrs) and control (n=12 aged 45.06 ± 3.86 yrs) groups. Resistance exercise training was done for 8 weeks (3 days/week, intensity: 30- 70% 1RM) for experimental group. Before and after exercise plasma apelin level, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after a 12-h fasting was measured. Following the second blood sampling, data analysis was performed and p<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: Finding showed that plasma apelin, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose (FBG) have significant changes in the exercise group compared to pre-exercise and control groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity resistance exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men. Apelin level may be effective to improve insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men. 3799 Biostatistics Predicting of liver disease using Hidden Markov Model Madadizadeh Farzan Montazeri Mitra Bahrampour Abbas Tehran University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1 8 2016 23 146 66 74 04 07 2015 31 05 2016 Background: The liver is the largest internal organ and the most important organ after heart and brain in the human body without which life is impossible. Diagnosis of liver disease requires a long time and sufficient expertise of the doctor. Statistical methods can be classified as an automated forecasting system and help specialists for quickly and accurately diagnose liver disease. Hidden Markov model is an intelligent and robust statistical method that has been used in present study. Methods: The data used in this cross sectional  study collected from records of patients with  five different types of liver diseases, including cirrhosis,  liver cancer,  acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and  fatty liver disease. The patients have been admitted to Afzalipour  Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from  2006  to  2013. Hidden Markov model using EM algorithm for learning was fitted to the data and for evaluating the performance of the model, criteria as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used. Results: The decision, sensitivity, and specificity criteria of the model for diagnosis of each liver disease were separately calculated and the highest level criteria in diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver were 77% decision, 82% sensitivity, and 96% specificity, and also the lowest level of diagnosis for fatty liver disease was 65% decision, 69% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the potential capabilities of the Hidden Markov Model. Therefore, using Hidden Markov Model for prediction of diagnosis of liver disease is recommended 3447 Pathology Evaluating of serum biochemical biomarker and liver histopathological changes in NMRI mice following exposure to copper oxide nanoparticle seyedalipour Bagher Barimani najmeh Badoei-Dalfard Arastoo University of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 1 8 2016 23 146 75 82 20 12 2014 02 05 2016 Background: due to widespread applications of nanoparticles in biomedicine and biotechnology and their effects on human health, the present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic effect of CuO nanoparticles on serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathological changes of NMRI mice. Methods: In this experimental study, forty two female NMRI mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=7): four experimental groups, one sham group and one control group. The experimental mice on days 3 and 12 of pregnancy received CuO nanoparticle with concentrations 300, 400, 500, 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After mentioned treatment, blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. On day 17 of pregnancy, mice were dissection and liver for histopathological evaluation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Histopathological studies demonstrated dose-dependent changes in mice liver treated with CuO nanoparticles compared to control group. Some changes include congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration vacuoles were observed after exposure to different doses of CuO nanoparticles. The serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH enzymes increased significantly in a dose dependent manner as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to different doses of CuO nanoparticles can lead to irreversible damage to the liver and increased serum enzymes in NMRI mice. 3805 Endocrinology & Metabolism Relationship between self-care behavior and health locus of control in patients with type II diabetes Ebadi Fard Azar Farbod Hedari Hasan Solhi Mahnaz Health Services and Health Education Department, School of Health < Iran University of Medicl SCiences Health Services and Health Education Department, School of Health < Iran University of Medicl SCiences Health Services and Health Education Department, School of Health < Iran University of Medicl SCiences 1 8 2016 23 146 84 92 06 07 2015 25 01 2016 Background and Objectives: Diabetes is common among chronic diseases. Various factors such as personality and psychological traits have role in self-care and control in this disease Aim of This study is determination the relationship between self- care and locus of control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This cross-sectional study carried out on 180 patients with diabetes mellitus type2 whom are members of diabetic association in city of Babylon. The sampling method was Simple random sampling. Data collection tools were Form C standard questionnaire Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), abstract scale for self-care activities in diabetics (SDSCA) and Multidimensional scale for Health Locus of Control (MHLC).The data in SPSS (19) using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Pearson correlation co-efficient, regression analysis and independent t-test) were analyzed. Results: the self- care score had a positive correlation with the inner locus of control score (r=.38, P =.01) and a negative correlation with the chance locus of control (r=-.53, P =.01). Self-care behavior and health of a significant relationship between external locus of control was not prepared. Also, the behavior of self-care and education (001/0 = P), the locus of control and education (01/0 = P) and locus of control risk education (001/0 = P) significant relationship was observed. Conclusions: improve internal locus of control and loss of control locus should be noted in the interventional program for promoting self-care behaviors in these patients.