@article{ author = {radpoor, masomeh and asaaditehrani, golnaz}, title = {Simultaneous Detection of GSTM1, GSTT1 Polymorphisms and its Relationship to Resistance to Chemotherapy Drugs in Esophagus Cancer Patients}, abstract ={Background: Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in carcinogen metabolism have been shown to influence susceptibility to cancer. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in the detoxification of a broad range of toxic substances, so polymorphic deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may involve as a risk factor for esophagus carcinoma. The aim of this research was to investigate the association between null mutations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with esophagus carcinoma susceptibility in Iranian patients were under chemo therapy with platinum drugs. Methods: We conducted a case –control study of 50 esophagus carcinoma cases and 50 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, then GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion variants were genotyped by multiplex PCR assay. Logistic regression analysis was used by SPSS 19 to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Our results indicate that the frequency of esophagus cancer patients with the GSTM1 null genotype is significantly higher than that of the normal controls (48% and 13%, respectively) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.62 and (p=0.024), In contrast, our investigation failed to demonstrate any difference in the distribution of GSTT1 null genotype between patients and controls (32 and 24% respectively) (p=0.37).In this study (26 patients) 52% of patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with chemotherapy, not turning a useful these drugs. In most cases (18%), they were persons with Null genotype in both genes. Conclusion: the results of the current study indicate that GSTM1 may be genetic susceptibility factor involved in early events leading to the development of esophageal cancer. Polymorphisms of GSTT1 were not associated with the increased esophageal cancer risk.}, Keywords = {Esophageal Cancer, Chemotherapy, Glutathione- S – transferas, GSTT1, GSTM1 }, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4372-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4372-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NikzadHarsini, Masoum and Saburi, Ehsan and Mahmazi, Sanaz and Taromchi, Amir Hossei}, title = {Evaluation of rs7041 & rs4588 Polymorphisms of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis}, abstract ={Background: Osteoporosis as a multifactorial disease caused by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) especially calcium increasing fracture risk. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP or Gc) is a molecule key to the biologic actions of vitamin D. Mutation in some critical areas of VDBP can affect metabolism of minerals specially calcium that are important in bone density. This study investigated association of rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms of VDBP gene with osteoporosis in postmenopausal Azari women in Zanjan. Methods: This was a case-control study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 osteoporosis and 50 normal postmenopausal Azari women for DNA extraction. Genotypes of rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms of VDBP gene were studied by PCR-RFLP. For statistical analysis we used SPSS-14, t-test and X2. Results: We found no significant association among rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms and three haplotypes (Gc1s, Gc2, Gc1f) and osteoporosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that genotypes of VDBP were not associated with susceptibility to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; however, according to similar or inconsistent results in other studies from other countries, this study should be repeated in larger population and with other ethnic groups for more reliable results.}, Keywords = {Osteoporosis, Vitamin D Binding Protein, Polymorphism, Menopause.}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {10-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4432-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4432-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Setayesh, nahid and ezoji, khadijeh and bakhshizade, majid and Nojomi, Marzieh}, title = {Domestic violence and physical and mental state of women}, abstract ={Background: Domestic violence is the main cause of intentional damage in middle-aged women. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between women physical and psychological health and violence experience. Methods: This study was a cross - sectional study with a convenience sample of 501 married women that covered by health center of Safadasht. Data were collected during six months by the SF-36 questionnaire for quality of life, GHQ-12 questionnaire was used to assess mental health and domestic violence, and then the data were analyzed using descriptive methods, chi-square and t-tests. Results: The mean age of subjects was 32.8±0.45 years. In general the prevalence of domestic violence was 84.8%. 40 (97.6%) patients with history of history of physical illness had at least one domestic violence. Mean of women's mental health score was 18.9±2.3. Women’s quality of life in all domains was at least 54.4%±1.7 and maximum 69.3%±1.23, respectively. 37 (94.9%) of abused women reported a history of mental illness, while 2 (5.1%) reported no history of violence. 40 (97.6%) of abused women reported a history of physical illness, versus 1 (2.4%) of non-abused women. Quality of life in women with no history of domestic violence was better than women with a history of domestic violence. Conclusion: A relationship was observed between history of mental and physical illness and quality of life in women with a history of domestic violence. Women who had not a history of domestic violence had better mental and physical health and better quality of life.}, Keywords = {Domestic violence, physical health, mental health, women}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {20-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4300-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4300-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {kahrizi, shaghayegh and Taghavi, Mohamadreza and Ghasemi, Ramin and Goodarzi, Mohamadali}, title = {The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on Depression, Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms in Asthma patients.}, abstract ={Background: In this research effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in asthma patients was studied. Asthma is a psychosomatic disorder that depression and anxiety were considered as a trigger or exacerbation factor for it. Methods: According to this matter MBCT was used for reducing depression and anxiety and somatic symptoms in asthma patients. For this purpose 26 female patients that were under medical treatment for 1 year at least in Isfahan were selected and assigned in two groups randomly (experimental group and control group). Two groups were tested (pre-test) by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI_II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Experimental group received MBCT intervention for 8 sessions weekly for two hours and control group was registered in waiting list. After finishing the therapy the two groups were tested again (post-test). Data was analyzed by ANCOVA in spss21 program. Results: Results show that after MBCT intervention significantly depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms scores decreased in experimental group in comparison with control group (p<0/05). Conclusion: So it shows that MBCT can reduce level of anxiety and depression in asthma patient and then reduces somatic symptom in this patients.}, Keywords = {mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), Anxiety, Depression , Asthma.}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4274-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4274-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AhmadzadehHeshmati, Afshin and Ghazaleh, Mansoor and Mirzaee, Moghaddameh and Ilka, Shahab}, title = {The agreement between pelvic radiography alone and radiography with CT scan in Determination of treatment of the fractures of the pelvic ring}, abstract ={Background: CT scan is one of the routine modalities in diagnosis of the pelvic fractures. An unanswered question is if CT scan can alter treatment plane of these fractures? Methods: At first, radiographs of 100 patients with fracture of the pelvic ring were evaluated by one surgeon and type of the fracture according to Young and Burgess classification and treatment plane (surgical or non-surgical) were identified. Then 3 months later the same radiographs with CT scans were evaluated by the same surgeon and type and plane of treatment were determined again and Results were analyzed with SPSS 22. Results: Fractures of the pubic rami were the most common injury in radiography and CT scan. The least common injury in radiography was fracture of the ilium but in radiography and CT scan was diastasis of symphysis pubis. CT scan was more accurate than radiography in diagnosis of the sacral fractures and crescent fractures of the ilium (p=0.000) but there was no significant difference in classification of fractures. Non-surgical treatment was suggested for 63 patients and surgical for 37 patients according to radiography and with adding of the CT scan, non-surgical treatment was suggesting for 69 and surgical for 31 patients and this difference was not significant again. Conclusion: Although CT scan gives more accuracy in diagnosis of the fracture lines, it cannot alter plane of the treatment.}, Keywords = {Fracture, Classification, Surgery.}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4370-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4370-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Mehdi and DavatgarBadie, Ladan and Ghari, Tayebeh}, title = {Evaluation of the effect of patient requests on antibiotics prescription by physicians in Tabriz in 1393}, abstract ={Background: Antibiotics are type of antibacterial drugs which are used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection. Overuse of antibiotics for treatments of infections is widespread and contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most important concerns about antibiotics which is becoming a worldwide concern. It can increase disease transmission and risk of mortality. Antibiotic prescribing patterns are an important key factor in the incidence of antibiotic resistance. When it comes to pediatrics prescribing antibiotics to children, parent expectation and pressures may influence these patterns. Methods: In order to better understand how parents expectation influence the prescribing patterns of physicians and what strategies physicians can do to reduce the rate of antibiotics overuse, we evaluated the frequency of antibiotic prescribed by pediatrician upon parent’s requests. To collect data, deep interview and closed-ended questionnaire were used. 200 pediatricians living in Tabriz were asked to complete the questionnaire. Results: Our results showed that 65% of parents had requested antibiotics 6 or more times in the past month while it was not necessary and about 50% of pediatricians complied with these requests. : Our results also indicated that educating parents about appropriate indications of antibiotics must be as a part of any comprehensive plans to reduce inappropriate oral antibiotic indications.}, Keywords = {Antibiotic, Parents request, Drug resistant}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {44-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4388-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4388-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khosravirad, Azin and Zayeri, Farid and Baghestani, Ahmad Reza and Bakhtiyari, Mahmoo}, title = {Prediction of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia using serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations longitudinal data during 21 days after evacuation mole}, abstract ={Background: Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) is the malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease that has different capabilities in metastasis and invasion stance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify an appropriate and applicable longitudinal marker, using the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels during 21 days after mole evacuation for predicting the gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in women with molar pregnancy. Methods: In the present retrospective study, documents of 201 patients with hydatidiform mole, according to their pathological reports, who from 2003 to 2013 referred to the educational and health care centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were investigated. A two-stage shared random effects model was used to assess the relationship between repeated measures of β-hCG concentration (as the longitudinal marker) and occurrence of GTN. To determine the power of repeated β-hCG values for predicting GTN, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied in the statistical software R version 2.15.3. Results: In a total sample of 201 patients, 171 cases (85.1%) had spontaneous remission and GTN was detected in 30 cases (14.9%). Our modeling approach showed that the repeated measures of β-hCG concentration (in weeks 0, 1, 2 and 3) can correctly classify about 86.7% of patients with GTN and 83.0% of patients without GTN. The estimated area under curve (AUC) was 91.2%. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the repeated measures of β-hCG concentration have a high predictive accuracy for early detection of GTN. Thus, for women who suffered from molar pregnancy, monitoring the three-week trend of this marker is recommended for early detection of this malignancy.}, Keywords = {Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia, ROC curve Analysis, Longitudinal data}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {53-59}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4464-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4464-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ghavami, Seyed mostafa and Sajjadian, Fakhrosadat and Azabdaftari, Farib}, title = {A Rare Case of Intravesical Foreign body (Nylon thread)}, abstract ={Background: Occuring foreign bodies inside urinary bladder are a relatively rare condition. Generally, introduction of foreign bodies into the bladder may be iatrogenic, a result of penetrating trauma, self-insertion or migration from adjacent organs. Case presentation: A 10 year-old boy presented to the imaging center with a 3 months history of dysuria, increased frequency. Abdominal X-Ray (KUB) demonstrated a semiopaque serpiginons material in the pelvis area. Intravenous urography and ultrasound revealed normal shape and size of both kidneys. Bladder sonography showed an echogenic tortuous glomerule object floating in the vesica. Conclusion: Foreign bodies in the bladder are uncommon. Detection of intravesical foreign bodies should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic lower urinary tract problems. Radiological evaluation is necessary to determine the location, exact size, number, and nature of them.}, Keywords = {Bladder, foreign body, Nylon thread, medical imaging}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {60-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4507-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4507-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Azadi, Mehran and Farzad, Valiollah and Sa'dipour, Esmaeel and Khoshnevisan, Zahra, and Karimi, Abdol’azim}, title = {Relation between Attachment to Father and Academic Performance: Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation}, abstract ={Background: Academic performance is one of the main psychological concepts that is allocated wide theoretical and experimental researches and studies. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment to father and academic performance. Methods: Participants were 303 eighth grade experimental field students (134 boys, 169 girls) who were studying in public schools of Tehran and completed Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Attachment to Parents and Peers Questionnaire. Their academic performance was calculated using their final exam’s average scores of physics, chemistry and biology. The validity and reliability of the study was obtained by using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23, Lisrel version 9.2 and Amos version 23. Results: Results showed good fit to the model and attachment to father (p<0.001, β=0.48) and emotion regulation (p<0.001, β=-0.37) each one separately to affect academic performance. Indirect effect of attachment to father on academic performance also was significant p>0.001 through emotion regulation. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the effect of attachment to parents in children's emotion regulation and thus improve their academic performance.}, Keywords = {academic performance, emotion regulation, attachment to father, students}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {64-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4530-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4530-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, Sara and Goudarzi, Reza and Saber-Mahani, Asm}, title = {The survey of effect of economic factors on fertility rate in Iran: Panel data 1966-2013}, abstract ={Background: Previous research reviews show that most of people think fertility decreases because of economic pressures and after solving economic problems it increases again. This study trys to investigate economic factors effecting on fertility rate in Iran during time and highlight the most important economic factor with panel data approach. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytic study. For doing this economic descriptive analysis, combination of data from cross sectional and time series is used for all Iran provinces during 1966-2013. Data were gathered from Iran Statistics Centre. Fertility rate was regressed on unemployment and women employment rate, GDP per capita and family total expenditures as economic factors. The final estimations were done via Eviews.7 and STATA.12. Results: Unemployment and women employment rate, and family total expenditures had negative effect and GDP per capita had a positive effect on fertility rate. Between the research variables, family total expenditures had the smallest effect and women employment the largest. Significant coefficients were assessed at the 95% confidence level. Conclusion: Opposite of public attitudes, the effect of family expenditures on fertility rate is very small toward other factors. Knowing GDP per capita of Iran provinces it will be clear that specific economic factors have small importance toward multidimensional factors like women employment or unemployment factors. }, Keywords = {fertility, economic factors, panel data, econometrics}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {73-81}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4453-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4453-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {kia, fatemeh and EbadiFardazar, Farbod and shojaee, abdollah and shaahmadi, faramarz and mehrjo, has}, title = {Study of relationship between performance level of general surgery physician and payment methods in governance, private and social security hospitals in tehran}, abstract ={Background: There are many factors in the present system of health care that can lead to changes in the quality and quantity of services. Payment system is the most important factor. Empirical evidence shows that financial incentives are the most important factors affecting individual and organizational behavior in the health sector. The project aims to investigate the effects of payment method on the performance of general surgeons in public hospitals, private and social security in Tehran. Methods: We studied the medical research general surgery physician in governance, private and social security hospitals in Tehran. Data collection was performed using self-made forms that were collected for each medical researcher. To compare the average score of doctors to separate the payment method (the relationship between the score of the payment method) be used for one-way ANOVA using SPSS software. Results: The surgery in public hospitals, private and social security to annoy each doctor on the day of, respectively, 2.61, 0.43 and 6.74, respectively. Most procedures performed in hospitals, social security and the lowest was in a private hospital. By analysis of variance showed no statistically significant relationship between performance and payment method (p= 0.128). Conclusion: According to receive a referral fee practice in the public sector incentives for doctors who work in both sectors is higher. This indicates that the entrance fee they receive no difference with the private sector on the one hand is a sign on the other hand the cost of public sector pay increases.}, Keywords = {Performance, Physician, Payment methods}, volume = {24}, Number = {154}, pages = {82-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4375-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4375-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Javadi, Azadeh sadat and Heydarinasrabadi, Mitra and Bakhshikhaniki, Gholamrez}, title = {Histopathological assesment of sargassum tenerrimum algae extract effect on the mice bone tissue with osteoporosis}, abstract ={Background and purpose: Osteoporosis is a silent disease which is causing death of significant population due to bone fractures. Use of natural supplements is considered with respect to side effects of chemical drugs. In this study, the effect of sargassum algae on osteoporosis disease was investigated. Method: The study was done on 80 mice heads of NMRI race. After osteoporosis induction, the mice divided into the control, sham, positive control, experimental and negative control groups. The therapeutic dose of positive control group was 125 mg/kg/day of calcium and 0.025 μg / week / mice vitamin D and that of in the experimental group was 10mg/100g(bw)/day Sargassum algae extract that was fed for 28 days to each group. Finally, histopathology sections were studied. Findings: The negative control group had more degradation in lamellar bone (bone blades) than other groups (P<0.01). The experimental group had less degradation compared to negative control group and also, the number of observed osteoblasts in the periosteum had a significant increase than negative control group. (P<0.01) Result and discussion: Our study showed that Sargassum tenerrimum algae has meaningful effect on osteoporosis and since includes active ingredients with absorbable calcium; it can have the ability of osteoporosis inhibition from several ways. Also, it was shown that algae has unique effect in ossification process and inhibition of osteoclast production via activation of Smad and BMP path, RANK protein inhibition and TNFα.}, Keywords = {osteoporosis,Mouse,Sargassum algae,Histopathology}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4480-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4480-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ramezankhani, Ali and Pooresmaeili, Ameneh and Rakhshandehrou, Sakineh}, title = {The Effect of group discussion method Educational on Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Behaviors of high blood pressure in women 20-49 years old Islamshahr Cit}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays, high blood pressure is the most important risk factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney diseases and education is one of the most effective factors that reduces high blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effect of education on knowledge, attitude and preventive behaviors of high blood pressure based on group discussion in women 20-49 years old Islamshahr City. Methods: This research is an interventional study. Samples were selected by random cluster sampling methods, 112 mothers of elementary school girls and boys were divided in two groups (n=56 per group). Subjects completed the researcher-made questionnaire in the first stage. Then, an educational program covering 2 one-hour sessions of group discussion was held for 4 groups, each having 10 members and 2 groups of 8 members (2 sessions per week). Two months after intervention, the questionnaires were completed by the subjects. Data was analyzed by chi-square test and ANOVA with repeated measure was used with SPSS21. Results: After intervention, knowledge scores increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Also attitude and behavior after intervention were significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the other one (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that discussion method in the intervention group had a significant effect on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of high blood pressure.}, Keywords = {Keywords: high blood pressure, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, group discussion}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4471-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4471-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {amini, Fateme and vaziri, Siavash and Karimpour, Hassan Ali and hassani, shima and Mohamadi, Saeed and azizi, mohse}, title = {The study of frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection pathogens in children of Kermanshah in 2015}, abstract ={Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection is the most prevalent childhood infection and because of its complication requires antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was frequency determination and antibiotic resistance pattern of UTI pathogens of children under 15 years old in Kermanshah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 121 positive urine cultures of children in 2015. After microorganism determination, antibiotic susceptibility test was done with disc diffusion method. Results: Of  total 121 sample %69.4 were girls, %30.6 were boys and most of cases were girls under 2 years old. The most prevalent pathogens were E.coli (%71.1), Enterobacter (%14.9) and other pathogens (%14).Without considering the pathogen most antibiotic resistance were seen in ampicillin %90.8  coterimoxazol (%70.2) cephalexin (%67.7) and the most susceptibility were seen in ciprofloxacin (%82.7) and nitrofurantoin(%76.9) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin were the most effective antibiotics, which make these antibiotics valuable in UTI treatment. In addition, the increasing rate of cephalosporin resistance could be due to inappropriate consumption of these drugs. As a result, accurate attention to appropriate prescription of antibiotics, identifying the UTI pathogen and periodical epidemiological studies for identifying the resistance pattern seems necessary.}, Keywords = {Keywords:Urinary tract infection, Antibiotic resistsnce, children}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {20-27}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4513-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4513-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ameri, Zahra and Armin, Farzaneh and Farsinezhad, Alirez}, title = {Platelet cold agglutinin-induced pseudo thrombocytopenia in a patient with colorectal cancer presenting for bowel resection}, abstract ={Background: Cold antibody induced platelet clumping is a rare in-vitro phenomenon that causes EDTA independent pseudo thrombocytopenia. This pre-analytical problem leads to a challenge in the clinical laboratory. In such a case platelets tend to easily aggregate in vitro, giving rise to lower platelet counts. The error is detected simply by examining peripheral blood smear. This report describes a 77 year old man with colon cancer who has received 10 units of random donor platelets due to an analytical error. Case report: Blood sample was collected on EDTA and sodium citrate anticoagulants and counted in different times and various temperatures by cell counter to detecting the cause of thrombocytopenia. The patient had no signs of bleeding. Platelet count was 164000/µl immediately after sampling but declined sharply after 5 minutes. Platelet clumps was seen at the end of peripheral blood smear. We conclude that cold agglutination induced pseudothrombocytopeniais rare phenomenon which resulting in misleading laboratory results. Conclusion: This condition should be considered in severe thrombocytopenia without abnormal bleeding manifestation. Since the cold coantibodies did not affect platelet function, this patients will not suffer complications from their platelet cold agglutinin, but it could pose a problem under circumstances such as extensive surgery with associated with hypothermia}, Keywords = {Keywords: platelet agglutination, pseudothrombocytopenia, cold agglutinin, in vitro agglutination}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {28-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4569-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4569-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jahangiri, Samira and Onsori, Habib}, title = {Investigation of the GJB2 gene Mutations among Subjects with Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss}, abstract ={Background: Hearing impairment as a heterogeneous disorder is the most common sensory defect that occur 1 in 1000. Mutations in GJB2 (CX26) gene at DFNB1 locus on 13q12 are responsible for autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) in many populations. This study investigates the GJB2 gene mutations in deaf patients refereed to the deaf center of Tabriz. Methods: In the present descriptive- laboratory study, 50 patients with NSHL were selected from the deaf center of Tabriz, Iran. After taking 5 ml blood samples (5ml) from the patients, genomic DNA was extracted using the Rapid Genomic DNA Extraction (RGDE) method. In this study, detection of common mutation in GJB2 gene (35delG) using AS-PCR method and other mutations with direct sequencing of amplified fragments of coding region was performed. Results: In this study, only 35delG mutation was observed in the GJB2 gene. From 50 deaf persons, 16 patients (32%) were homozygous, 7 patients (14%) were heterozygous and 27 patients (54%) were normal for 35delG mutation. In heterozygous and normal individuals for 35delG mutation, another mutation was not observed. Therefore, the frequency of 35delG in the study population is 39%. Conclusion: The results of this study show that, 35delG mutation is the most common mutation in the cause of hearing loss in the patients, but other genes are involved in the pathogenesis of deafness and further studies are needed to identify them. Therefore, mutation screening of individuals with hearing loss referred to genetic counseling centers before marriage and pregnancy is recommended.}, Keywords = {: Hearing loss ,GJB2, Mutation}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4475-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4475-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zandi, Babak}, title = {Comparison of Dental Signs of Fluorosis Between Workers of Two Industrial Factories in Markazi Province, Iran}, abstract ={Background: Considering the importance of examining the effects of fluorine and its compounds on aluminum industry workers, this study aimed to compare the signs of dental fluorosis between the workers of one of the aluminum factories and one of the industrial equipment construction companies of Markazi province in Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 351 workers of one of the aluminum factories of Markazi province (company A) and 220 workers of one of the industrial equipment construction companies of the same province in Iran (company B). The teeth of all the subjects were examined. Workers in company B were considered as the control group. Data were entered into SPSS software 13 and analyzed by using appropriate method analysis. Results: We found a significant relationship between the occurrence of dental fluorosis and age and work experience. The rates of dental fluorosis were 34.47% and 17.27% in the company A and company B, respectively. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the company A and company B regarding the prevalence of dental fluorosis (p>0.05). The most common dental sign in workers of company A was perikymata, while tooth discoloration was most frequently observed in the company B. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis in aluminum factory was higher than industrial equipment construction company, which exacerbated with increasing age and working history. Oral health training and the use of safety equipment in the workplace are of great significance for workers exposed to fluorine and its compounds.  }, Keywords = {Dental fluorosis, Fluorine, DMFT index, Aluminum}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {40-49}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4543-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4543-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mohsen and Mohammadpour-Mir, Ali and Dehestani, Anahid and Mohammadzadeh, Iraj}, title = {The survey of prevalence of Allergic Disorders in chronic sinusitis of children referred to infectious, immunologic and allergic diseases’ clinic of Amirkola children’s hospital in 1390-91}, abstract ={Background: Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood that can lead to a lot of complications. Many risk factors are considered to be responsible for the disease. An allergic disorder seems to be one of the most important risk factors. The role of allergic disorders in chronic sinusitis is currently unclear. Also no comprehensive study has been done yet in our country. Therefore in this study the prevalence of allergic disorders in children with chronic sinusitis had been evaluated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in children between 3-14 years old (mean age 6.98 +/- 2.9) with signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis, who had referred to infectious & immunologic clinics of pediatric Hospital of Amir Kola in years of 2011-2012. 120 individuals were considered for our study, the sampling was done randomly. Population was divided by age into three groups (1-4 years, 5-9and, 10-14 years old). The data were collected by Questionnaire and check list and analyzed by SPSS 20 software and the appropriate statistical tests (T-test, Chi square). Results: The prevalence of children with chronic sinusitis were identified in each age group as following: (1-4) 31 (25.8%), (5-9) 67 (55.8%) and (10-14) was 22 (18.3%). There were 79 males (65.8%) and 41 females (34.2%) in the total population. Seasonal distribution was evaluated in this study as following: spring 31 (25.8%), summer 16 (13.3%), fall 37 (30.8%) and winter 36 (30%). Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the general population was 30.0%, Asthma’s prevalence was 17.5% and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 0% in our study. The overall prevalence of allergic disorders was 36.66%, among which 10.83% of the total population had both asthma and allergic rhinitis and 25.83% had just one of them. There was no significant association between asthma and the age, sex or season (p<0.05). Relationship between allergic rhinitis and the mentioned factors was irrelevant as well. Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of chronic sinusitis in the (5-9 years) age group, males and the fall season is more. Allergic rhinitis had the most prevalence among allergic disorders; asthma was the second most common. It seems diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can be helpful in prevention and the development of chronic sinusitis.}, Keywords = {Chronic sinusitis, Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Atopic dermatitis, Prevalence, Pediatrics}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {50-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4528-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4528-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shakiba, Shila and Shojaeizadeh, Davood and Sadeghi, Roya and Azam, Kamal and Kia, Fatemeh}, title = {The impact of nutritional education on improving the nutritional behavior reduces the severity of menstrual pain therapy personnel in Imam Khomeini hospital}, abstract ={Background: Dysmenorrhea implies to the unusual feeling of pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation which can cause the person to stop her daily activities. This study aimed to determine the impact of nutritional style modification on reducing the severity of menstrual pain in female health personnel of Imam Khomeini hospital. Methods: In this interventional study, after interviewing 120 employed people, 50 individuals with an average age of 31.48±5.08 (22-45 years) entered the study. Test information was gathered through a questionnaire, multidimensional scale to determine the degree of menstrual pain, visual form and registration checklist that registered pain severity of dysmenorrheal. The nutritional education program, along with visual form was given to the participants to complete each month and the registration checklist of dysmenorrhea to complete at the end of the intervention.After 3 months, data was collected and analyzed using spss software version 19, descriptive test, paired T-test and anova repeated measure test. P<0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: Nutritional education intervention, made a significant reduction in the average severity of menstrual pain in participants (p<0.001). Complications of dysmenorrhea after the intervention showed a significant reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional education intervention makes the promotion of nutritional behaviors and reduces dysmenorrhea in women. Therefore, with regard to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency, you can use it to reduce dysmenorrhea.}, Keywords = {Educational intervention, Dysmenorrhea ,The severity of pain}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {57-65}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4108-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4108-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mansoori, Majid and Janani, Somayeh and Chavoshi, Delina and Mohaghegh, Pegah and Hemmatpouقr, Siroos and Fatolahpour, Asadolah and Moradi, Ghob}, title = {Evaluation of the Side Effects and mortality of Surfactant therapy with mechanical ventilation comprise with manual ventilation in Neonates Admitted to NICU ward of Besat hospital of Sannandaj in 2012-2013}, abstract ={Background: Respiratory distress syndrome is one of the main causes of infant mortality. Surfactant is the standard treatment for it. In this study, complication of surfactant therapy via mechanical ventilation and manual injection were compared in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of Besat hospital in Sanandaj. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 160 infants with respiratory distress syndrome were studied. The patients included 75 patients (46.8%) in whom surfactant was administered by injection via manual ventilation and 85 patients (53.2%) in whom it was administered by mechanical ventilation. Data were entered into the software STATA-11 and t-test and chi-square was used. Results: Of the 160 preterm neonates, 116 (69%) cases were female and 52 (31%) cases were male. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.024) and the mean duration of oxygen therapy (p=0.018) in two groups were statistically significant. Pneumothorax rate, prevalence of Bronchopulmonar Dysplasia (BPD) and mortality rate were different between two groups but weren't statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the duration of mechanical ventilation is less in surfactant therapy with mechanical ventilation compared to manual ventilation. Considering the fewer complication of surfactant therapy with mechanical ventilation, it is recommended as a better method for surfactant administration than manual ventilation.}, Keywords = {Preterm infant, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Surfactant therapy, mechanical ventilation}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4054-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4054-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {tavakolizadeh, jahanshir and Rahmani, Motahhare and safarzade, somayeh}, title = {Emotional intelligence of students: Examining Predictive Role of assertiveness and aggression of parent}, abstract ={Background: Emotional intelligence as a basic psychological constructs to the success of life and mental health of people formed in the process of life and behavior of parents plays an important role in its growth. This study aimed determines the predictive role of assertiveness and aggression in emotional intelligence of students of sixth grade of elementary school. Methods: The present study was Cross-sectional. The study population of present study consisted of all students of the sixth grade of elementary school of Qaen city and parents in academic year of 2013-2014 that 189 students (94 boys and 95 girls) and their parents using multi-stage random sampling method were selected from among them. Data were collected using The Aggression Questionnaire- AQ, Gambryl and Ritchie assertiveness questionnaire and The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). The results were analyzed using SPSS-20 software and regression, independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test in the significant level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that between assertiveness of parents and none of its components and emotional intelligence of students there is no significant correlation (p>0.05). But There was significant negative correlation between aggression of parent and emotional intelligence of students (p>0.01, r=-0.18). Regression analysis showed aggression of father is a predictor of emotional intelligence of students (p>0.05). But, aggression of mother had no role in predicting emotional intelligence of students (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that aggression of parents causes that children face in the process of emotional intelligence with problems and limitations. Given that, the behavior of parents affect on the behavior and how to train of children in the family. So, it is recommended more attention in the parenting of children and parental lifestyle.}, Keywords = {Aggression, Assertiveness, Emotional intelligence, Parent, Students}, volume = {24}, Number = {155}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4280-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4280-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mostafa, maryam sadat and Ostovar, zohreh and Danesh, esmat}, title = {Comparing social problem solving ability and risk-taking behaviors in patients with AIDS and healthy individuals}, abstract ={Background: The present study aimed to compare social problem solving ability and risk-taking in patients with AIDS and healthy individuals. Methods: In the research study, 50 patients aged 20 to 45 years with AIDS referred to Valfajr Health Center Tehran in 2013 were assessed. Also, 50 healthy individuals were considered as the control. To evaluate the ability to solve a social problem, specific questionnaire for social problem solving and for assessing the risk-taking, the risk-taking questionnaire were used. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference in social problem solving ability and risk-taking behaviors between two study groups (with AIDS and healthy individuals). There was significant difference in all subscales of social problem solving ability (positive problem orientation, negative problem orientation, rational problem solving, avoidant style, impulsivity/carelessness style). There was significant difference in the rate of risk taking in the two groups. Conclusion: The AIDS patients benefit more from negative problem orientation, impulsivity/carelessness style and avoidance style compared to healthy individuals. Also, the rate of risk-taking is higher in AIDS patients. Moreover, risk-taking in different styles of social problem solving is different in these patients compared to normal subjects.    }, Keywords = {AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), Social problem solving ability, Risk taking}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4067-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4067-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The relationship between sodium intake and some bone health indices in retired female employees in Yazd}, abstract ={Background: Excessive consumption of fast foods that are high in salt is one of the most important aspects of changes in food habits. The results of Studies on the effects of sodium on bone metabolism have been inconsistent. Definitive answer to the question that Sodium restriction can be associated with a lower incidence of osteoporosis is lacking. What the necessity of designing this study reinforces is the lack of findings with the approach of examining the effects of sodium on bone in our country. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on 185 women aged 45 to 70 years pensioner of Ministry of Education. Sodium intake was evaluated in the two forms including 24 hour recall and a 12-hour urine sample. To assess bone health, ORAI index was calculated for each individual. Urinary calcium, phosphorus, potassium and serum vitamin D and PTH were measured. The ANOVA test was used to investigate the association of sodium and laboratory variables. Results: With the increase in urinary sodium, calcium and potassium urinary excretion rate increases. This change is statistically significant respectively (p=0.003), (p=0.001). Changes in urinary sodium levels in those groups ORAI (Sort by rating) is not significant (p=0.933). Conclusion: In this study, although in parallel with high sodium intake, urinary calcium and potassium have been increased, there was no relationship between sodium and ORAI.    }, Keywords = {urinary sodium, urinary calcium, ORAI, bone health}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {9-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3842-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3842-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {BorjianFard, Mahboobeh and Choobineh, Siroos and AkbarNejad, Ali and Kordi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The effect of omega-3 supplementation on pulmonary function in athletics after single bout of exhaustive exercise}, abstract ={Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common problem in athletes that could affect their health and performance.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on pulmonary function in female athletes after a single bout of exhaustive exercise. Methods: Twenty two female athletes with mean±SD age 21.2±0.78 years, body mass of 21.2±2.32, and VO2max of 40.5±4.97 participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Subjects entered the study on their normal diet, and then received either fish oil capsules containing 3.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] diet; n=11) or placebo capsules containing olive oil (placebo diet; n=11) taken daily for 3 weeks. The pulmonary variables were measured at baseline and at the end of the 3rd week. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. When appropriate, further differences were analyzed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Statistical differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: Results indicated that consuming omega-3 during 3 weeks of training had significant positive effect on pulmonary variables such as FEV1, FVC, and PEF (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that consuming omega-3 can improve pulmonary function of the athletes.I It also has a significant protective effect in suppressing EIB in athletes because of reduction in FEV1 decreasing rate after exercise.  }, Keywords = {omega-3 polyunsaturated, fatty acids, single bout of exercise, athletics, spirometry}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {22-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {niksolat, maryam and minaeian, sara and khodabandelou, niloofar and zandieh, zhaleh}, title = {The effect of probiotics in the prevention of urinary tract infections in elderly patients hospitalized in intensive care units}, abstract ={Background: Urinary tract infections (UITs) are the most common hospital-acquired infections and elderly people hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) are highly susceptible to this infection. In this study, according to the hypothesis that probiotic organisms may represent a safe and effective intervention for control purposes infection, the role of a probiotic consists of four strains of Lactobacillus in the prevention of UITs in elderly patients hospitalized in the ICU were studied. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 50 elderly patients admitted to ICUs. Patients in addition to conventional treatment, received randomly either probiotics contained 107 × 5 CFU viable lyophilized bacteria consisting of 4 strains of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus Gasser and Lactobacillus Plantarm) or placebo, twice a day for seven days. At baseline and on the fourteenth day of the study, two groups in terms of the level of CRP, urine culture test results and leukocyturia were compared. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score and survival status at follow-up one-month also were measured. Results: Probiotics could significantly reduce the number of leukocyturia (p=0.002) and a positive urine culture (p=0.002) in the probiotic group compared to placebo. The use of probiotics had no significant effect on the levels of CRP. Despite the reduction in APACHE II score and lower mortality rates in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Probiotics can significantly prevent UITs in elderly patients hospitalized in the ICU. Administering probiotics led to changes in the urinary tract microflora and reduced the colonization of pathogens. Therefore, probiotics can be considered as an adjunctive therapy in critically ill elderly patients.  }, Keywords = {Probiotics, nosocomial infection, urinary tract infection, elderly patients}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {32-41}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4646-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4646-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jelodar, gholamali and Askari, Kobr}, title = {Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex agnus-castus fruit on fertility and estrous cycle in letrozole- induced polycystic ovary (PCOS) in rat}, abstract ={Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important endocrine disorders and a common cause of anovulation and infertility in women in the reproductive age. Vite xagnus castus is used as an alternative medicine for treatment of endocrine disorders in women. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex agnus castus on fertility and estrous cycle in rats with induced PCOS. Methods: Following 14 days monitoring of estrous cycles of rats, 28 animals with regular cycles were selected and randomly divided into four groups of control, treatment-control or sham (received 365 mg/kg Vitex extract for 30 days), PCO (received letrozole 1mg/kg for 28 days to induce PCOS) and PCT (treated with Vitex extract 365mg/kg for 30 days after induction of PCOS). Two weeks before and two weeks after treatment estrous cycle of all animals were checked and they were allowed to mate. Litter size and weight of ovaries were measured in the last day. Results: The results showed that estrous cycle of PCO group was irregular and most often stopped in diestrus phase. Ovarian weights significantly increased in PCO group compared to control and sham groups, and none of the animals were pregnant in this group. In the group treated with Vitex extract, litter size did not change significantly, while ovarian weight decreased significantly compared to PCO group. Vitex extract was able to improve the estrous cycle in this group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a positive effect of vitex extract on estrous cycle, ovarian weight and fertility in rats with induced PCOS.  }, Keywords = {Polycystic ovary syndrome, Vitexagnus-castus, estrus cycle, fertility }, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {42-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4257-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4257-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ghasempour, Hamed and Sadeghi, Heydar and TabatabaiGhomshe, Farh}, title = {The Effects of Eight Weeks Muscular Endurance Training on some Kinematics Gait Parameters in Male Elderly}, abstract ={Background: Regarding the consequences of aging and the elderly, we can refer to gait speed reduction, functional disorder and power reduction. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eight weeks of muscular endurance trainings on the orderly's gait kinematic parameters. Methods: In the current semi-experimental study, two elderly groups consisting of 18 male participants were divided into control group (average and standard deviation age of: 63.33±1.33 years, height: 1.69±5.83 and weight: 80.26±6.41 kilograms) and experimental group (average age deviation: 64.57±2.88, height: 168±4.26 and weight: 73.84±6.17 kilograms). The experimental group took part in training sessions for eight weeks (two sessions a week) while the control group did not take any treatment. Using Vicon 460, both experimental and control groups were tested based on the parameters before and after the training session. Relatively, the depended and independent sample t tests were used to assess and compare changes within and between groups, at the level of 0.05. Results: There was a significant increase of the step length and gait speed in the experimental group. However, except for the step length, both experimental and control groups showed no significant difference in other parameters. Conclusion: Regarding the obtained results, muscular endurance trainings can be used to improve the elderly's step length and gait speed. This improvement maybe is resulted from the muscular improvement and balance leading to longer steps and more speed.    }, Keywords = {Gait, Elderly, Muscular Endurance Trainings, Kinematic}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {49-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3121-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3121-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Adib, hanieh and Dadgostar, Haleh and kaviani, sara and pazouki, abdolreza and marjomaki, omi}, title = {Comparison of supervised exercise therapy with home exercise therapy on anthropometric indices and aerobic capacity in patients who have undergone Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass}, abstract ={Background: Limited studies have evaluated the physical activity, especially the type of exercise, after bariatric surgery. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of exercise therapy on weight indices and cardiovascular factors in patients who have undergone laparoscopic gastric bypass. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial in which 80 obese patients, referring to Obesity Clinic of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital from July 2011 to July 2013, were randomly assigned into two groups (in-home base and supervised exercise therapy) one month after gastric bypass surgery. Cardiovascular factors, weight, waist and hip circumference evaluated at baseline and six months after surgery. Results: Intergroup analysis of weight and waist circumference before and after intervention showed significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). Intergroup analysis of aerobic capacity showed also significant difference between the two groups, including significant improvement in weight indices, oxygen consumption, heart rate after 6-MWT after supervised exercise programs, compared with home-based exercise (p<0.001). Also, the changes in weight loss, waist circumference and BMI were more significant in supervised exercise programs than the other group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The two supervised and home-based exercise can be successfully used in improvement of the studied parameters. Yet, the supervised exercise is more effective in increasing physical activity and exercise, due to complications after surgery for obese patients, especially in the first few months after surgery.    }, Keywords = {Exercise Therapy, Cardiovascular factor, Gastric Bypass}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3174-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3174-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Farokhzad, Pegah and Jannesaran, Mehrzad and Norouzi, Amir and Arabloo, Jalal}, title = {Effect of Emotional Catharsis by Writing on Depression in female Cancer Patients}, abstract ={Background: Cancer is the third-leading cause of death in Iran. Depression is a prevalent disorder in cancer patients. This study was conducted to investigate emotional catharsis by writing on depression in cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study, before and after design with a control group was conducted on 30 cancer patients referred to the Research Cancer Center affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The patients with cancer completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; 21-items). The patients in the intervention group were asked to writ negative feelings and emotions daily, for four successive weeks and for 20 minutesthis intervention did not do for the control group. After one month, 21-items Beck Depression Inventory was completed by the two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and paired t test, t-test, analysis of covariance. Results: The mean scores of the experimental group and the control group, had no significant difference in pre-test (p=0.618) but on post-test scores, the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.019). The post-test score in the experimental group was significantly lower than the pre-test scores (p=0.000). But were not statistically significant difference in depression scores in the post-test and post-test in control group (p=0.131). There was not statistically different between pre-test and post-test scores of depression by age, marital status and education level of the entire sample, the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The emotional catharsis is effective on depression in patients with cancer. It is recommended as a cost-effective and efficient method to be used in the care of cancer patients.  }, Keywords = {cancer, depression, emotional catharsis by writing, Iran}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {64-71}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4140-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4140-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Sheykhhasan, Mohsen and Mohammadi, Saeed and Nikbakht, Mohsen and Ghiasi, Mahdieh}, title = {The use of platelet-rich plasma in intervertebral disc regeneration: a review of preclinical studies and clinical experiments}, abstract ={Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a prevalent disease that usually starts from the third decade of life and it is considered as one of the reasons contributing to social and economic problems. The results of several studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has the ability to stimulate cell growth and proliferation of extracellular matrix. However, studies for IDD have so far mostly been restricted. So, further studies are required to clarify the role of PRP on the prevention and treatment of the IDD disease. The purpose of this review article was to summarize and analyze the current preclinical studies and clinical evidence on using platelet-rich plasma in the IDD treatment. Literature search was performed through various combinations of the following keywords: Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Platelet Rich Plasma, PRP, Intervertebral disc regeneration. Papers included in our review cover the period between 2006 and 2016. At the end of the review process, articles related to searches have been evaluated in 2 separate studies as "In vitro" and "In vivo" condition. In this study, several clinical studies and a clinical case study were also evaluated. All the included studies led to positive preclinical and clinical results. The results have shown a positive impact on the use of PRP for the treatment of disc degeneration but it is not possible to draw definitive evidence about the use of PRP in IVD regeneration. In this field, further studies should be done in the future.    }, Keywords = {Platelet rich plasma, intervertebral disc regeneration, intervertebral disc degeneration}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {72-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4442-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4442-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Asli, Esmaeil and Sadri, Roy}, title = {Development of ELISA (TOBi) assay for determination of Tetanust toxoid potency}, abstract ={Background: One of the major uses of large number of laboratory animals in manufacturing the vaccines is the quality control testing of vaccines, particularly potency testing of vaccines containing the tetanus toxoids by either lethal challenge or serum neutralization tests. Recently, because of various difficulties to obtain quality laboratory animals and in adequate environmental conditions, a lot of efforts have been made (such as those of World Health Organization’s) to attempt to limit the use of animals (in vivo) in the research in routine quality control of human and veterinary vaccines by in vitro assays such as Toxin Binding Inhibition (ToBi) assay. ToBi assay is based on the inhibition of the binding of toxin to an antitoxin-coated ELISA plate which detects the free toxin into the toxin-serum mixtures. In this study we tried to demonstrate and setting up the parameters of ToBi assay for the tetanus toxoid potency determination compared with serum neutralization test. Methods: Groups of mice were immunized with several of dilutions of reference or test tetanus toxoid vaccines and groups of guinea pigs were also immunized (for Serum Neutralization test) with the dose of half of total human dose of tetanus toxoid vaccines manufactured by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute. Serum samples were pooled and titrated for levels of tetanus antitoxin by toxin binding inhibition (ToBi) test and by the serum neutralization (SN) test in mice. The ToBi test was carried out by making of Serum dilutions and a fixed amount of tetanus toxin added to each serum dilution. After incubation, the mixtures were transferred on to ELISA plate coated with purified equine anti-tetanus IgG. Then free toxin is detected by addition of HRP labelled equine anti-tetanus IgG. Results: The results were shown to be significantly correlated. The consistency between the ToBi test derived from the in vitro data and from the in vivo data were reliable. The results ranged from 1.8 to 5.3 IU/ml for tetanus toxoid vaccines by ToBi test and 3.3 to 6 IU/ml for tetanus toxoid vaccines by SN in mice. The ToBi test may able to distinguish between highly potent and less potent vaccines. Conclusion:  It is concluded that the ToBi test is an alternative to the in vivo neutralization procedure in the immunogenicity test of the tetanus component in adsorbed vaccines. A substantial refinement and a reduction in use of animals can be achieved. The ToBi test offers distinct advantages in relationship to serum neutralization in mice and lethal challenge tests.  }, Keywords = {ToBi test, Toxoid tetanus, Antibody titration, ELISA test}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {93-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4560-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4560-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {BavardiMoghadam, Edris and Shojaedin, Seyed Sadradi}, title = {The effect of eight weeks Aerobic training on functional indicators and range of motion in active older men with knee osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease, and the main histopathologic (pathology) tissue in the local destruction of the articular cartilage. This study was done to study the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on functional indicators and range of motion in active older men with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Population includes active older men with knee osteoarthritis in West Azerbaijan. 20 active men who exercised at least twice a week, into two groups of 10 patients were randomly divided. The program was performed on the subjects for 8 weeks, three times a week. Functionality was measured using three tests, and goniometer was used to measure knee range of motion. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and paired-sample t-test through SPSS v.22 software. Results: Significant differences between the experimental and control groups in, knee range of motion (F= 6, p= 0.021), get up and go (F= 61, p= 0.0001), six minute walk (F= 361, p=0.000) and 8 feet time up and go (F= 561, p= 0.000) were observed. Also comparison within groups, in knee range of motion, get up and go, six minute walk and 8 feet time up and go showed a significant difference in the group aerobic (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Overall, eight weeks Aerobic training significantly improves functional indicators and range of motion in active older men with knee osteoarthritis.  }, Keywords = {Aerobic training, Functional indicator, Knee Osteoarthritis, Older men, Knee range of motion}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {100-110}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4567-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4567-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Sadoughi, Majid and Mehrzad, Valiiolah and MohammadSalehi, Zahr}, title = {The Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life among Patients with Breast Cancer}, abstract ={Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, seriously affecting their lives. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between psychological capital and quality of life among women with breast cancer. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional with a correlational design. The statistical population of the study included all women with breast cancer referring to Seyedoshohada Hospital, Isfahan for treatment, out of whom 97 women were randomly selected. The respondents provided their demographic information and filled out cancer patient Quality of life Questionnaire )EORTC QLQ- C30.V.3), Life Orientation Test (LOT), Snyder Hope Scale, Block & Kremen Resiliency Scale, Sherer et al. General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSE). Results: The average age of the participants was 45.17±9.55. The mean of the patients’ hopefulness, 20.15±4.50, optimism 20.31±4.30, resilience 45.92±9.11, self-efficacy 55.51±12.59 and quality of life were 63.74±19.20, respectively. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between the quality of life and the components of psychological capital including hope (r=.45, p<.01), optimism (r=.25, p<.01), resilience(r=.40, p<.01), and self-efficacy(r=.27, p<.01). The findings revealed that hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience lead to higher quality of life among women with breast cancer. Conclusion: The findings have important implications in medical interventions aiming to enhance the quality of life among these patients. Therefore, in assessment and treatment of patients with breast cancer, more attention should be paid to psychological factors related to quality of life along with conventional biomedical treatments.    }, Keywords = {Breast Cancer, Psychological capital, Hope, Optimism, Resilience, Self-efficacy, Quality of life}, volume = {24}, Number = {156}, pages = {111-119}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4578-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4578-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ahmadi, rahim and saberi, behrooz and Noroozi, Sanaz and rahimi, sasan and Moulavi, Poori}, title = {The effects of Rhamnus frangula miller leaf extract on breast cancer cells viability in cell culture}, abstract ={Background: Various studies have shown that plant extracts may have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Rhamnus frangula miller leaf on viability of breast cancer cells in cell culture. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used. MCF cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin and were kept in incubator at 37 C and at pressure of 5% CO2. The cells were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml of Rhamnus frangula leaf extract. Viability of cells was assayed using MTT test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference between viability of MCF7 cells in group exposed to 0.001 mg/ml of extract and control group. However, viability of MCF7 cells significantly decreased in groups exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml of extract compared with control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that low dose of the Rhamnus frangula leaf extract has no significant cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. However, high doses of extract of have cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells.  }, Keywords = {Rhamnus frangula miller, Viability, Cytotoxicity, MCF-7}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4459-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4459-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Beikzadeh, Babak and NikbakhtBrujeni, gholamreza and Eftekhari, Zohre and Erfanmanesh, Ahm}, title = {The isolating Escherichia coli secretory outer membrane vesicles by using tangential-trans flow filtration}, abstract ={Background: Among pathogenic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria are more important. The secreting outer membrane vesicles of the bacteria are important role in physiology, virulence, and the interaction between host and pathogen. These vesicles allow bacteria to transmit enzyme and its contents as conserved form and also these involved in viability. Since they are represented as bacteria candidate, study of them can be help to learn more about bacteria and their interaction with the environment. Therefore, the isolation methods of vesicles are important. So, the aim of this study was to introduce a new method for isolation of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles. Methods: The bacteria of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were cultured under standard conditions. Supernatant was removed and then the tangential- trans flow filtration was used for concentrating vesicles, after that high speed centrifuges were used for obtaining the deposition. Isolated vesicles confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and molecular weight of the protein concentration was determined. Results: Vesicle morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and size of vesicles were determined between 50 to 100 nanometers. Electrophoretic pattern reflects the strong and weak bands in the region between 22-41 kDa and concentration of protein was determined 542 micrograms. Conclusion: In the present study these results shows that the use of this method, in addition to provide same product, had positive benefits from time and economic perspective in compare to common procedure and It can also use to isolate the vesicles at the industrial level.}, Keywords = {Secretory outer membrane vesicles, tangential- trans flow filtration, Escherichia coli}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4546-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4546-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {heydarzadeh, saber and Yaghoubi, hashem}, title = {Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Extract of Citrus aurantium}, abstract ={Background: As nanoparticles have multiple applications, there are many different methods for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Recently, plants are being used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, due to their cost- effectiveness and eco-friendliness approach. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Citrus aurantium for its antimicrobial properties has been reported. Methods: in this study, the extract of Citrus aurantium as the reducing agent was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Reduction of Ag+ ion was obtained after 24 h using Citrus aurantium extract in the presence of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNo3) solution. The size, structural, optical and morphological properties of nanoparticles were analyzed by facility of: X-ray Diffraction and Field Emission Scanning (Transmission) Electron Microscope. Result: UV-Vis spectrum exhibit an absorption band at around 400-450 nm suggesting the formation of biological Ag nanoparticles. The size and morphological properties of nanoparticles were assessed by TEM which showed that particles have spherical shape with diameter of about 5-40 nm. Silver nanoparticles presented the antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: The extract of Citrus aurantium has the ability of reducing Ag+ ion to Ag nanoparticles. Also, Ag nanoparticles produced by green synthesis have good antibacterial activity.  }, Keywords = {Green Synthesis, Citrus aurantium, Silver nanoparticle}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {15-24}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4565-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4565-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jahangiri, Farhad and Karimi, Javad and AminAfshari, Mahmood Rez}, title = {The Role of Metacognitive Beliefs and Mindfulness skills in Prediction of Symptom Severity in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome}, abstract ={Abstract Background: Many biological and psychological processes could be effective in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship of metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness skills with symptoms severity of IBS. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 61 consecutive IBS patients, referred to one of the gastrointestinal tract and liver specialty clinics belonging to the city of Boroujerd, were selected. The patients completed Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the IBS Symptom Severity Scoring System. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Enter regression model. Results: A relationship between metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness skills with symptom severity in patients with IBS was observed (P < 0.01). More reviews using with regression coefficient test showed that regression coefficients of all factors of metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness is significant in prediction of symptoms severity of IBS                 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that there is a relationship between metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness with symptom severity in IBS. So the interventions based on metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness skills is proposed for managing symptom severity in IBS.}, Keywords = {metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), symptom severity, psychological factors.}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {25-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4597-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4597-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ganji, meysam and fazeli, abobolhassan and gohari, neda and rahmati, hedie and elyasi, zahra and izadpanah, mehrnaz and mohammadi, shiva and asadi, masome and ashori, sepide and farzane, parvane}, title = {Isolation, characterization and standard storage of human mesenchymal stem cell derived from adipose and dental pulp tissue}, abstract ={Background: Due to extensive use of cell cultures in biomedical investigations and researches, there has been a great need to identify, authenticize and accurate quality control of cells. Stem cells are characterized by their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are found in various tissues. These cells are vastly used in cell therapy and regenerative medicine and many other cell related studies. Methods: After separation of cells from adipose and dental pulp tissues and confirmation of quality controls, authentication of mesenchymal stem cells were determined by monitoring growth, morphology, expression of specific molecular markers, and the ability to differentiate into adipocyte and osteoblast. Results: In this study, 6 mesenchymal stem cell lines were established from adipose and dental pulp tissues. These cells which were positive for CD90, CD105 and CD29 and negative for CD34 and CD45 expression were isolated, authenticated and stored. Moreover, these cells showed no contamination including bacterial, viral and mycoplasma and are able to differentiate into adipocyte and osteoblast in vitro. Conclusion: The outcome of this project would be introducing authenticated mesenchymal stem cells with related identity documents which facilitate and accelerate the biomedical research in the field of human mesenchymal cells along with a substantial reduction of costs and time.  }, Keywords = {Human mesenchymal cells, Characterization, Adipose tissue, Dental pulp}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {35-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4490-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4490-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Esfahani, Maryam and Movahedian, Ahmad and Baranchi, Mostafa and Ataei, Negar and Goodarzi, Mohammad taghi}, title = {The Role of Adipokines in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases}, abstract ={Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality worldwide.  Obesity is regarded as an independent CVDs risk factor. In this article we focus on the role of adipokines which are involved in CVDs pathogenesis. Methods: The recent studies regarding the role of adipokines such as Leptin, Resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, Visfatin, Chemerin, Apelin, Omentin, Adiponectin and Vaspin in CVDs pathogenesis are reviewed. We searched articles in electronic information databases: Web of knowledge, pubMed, sciencedirect and Google Scholar Results: Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which secretes important bioactive mediators that are called adipokines. These proteins have complex function in regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipokines are involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis.  There are well recognized anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects of some adipokines such as Adiponectin. There is adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity state, which is represented by inflammatory cells infiltration and abnormal production of adipokines, so adipokine balance is impaired. In this condition decreased or increased levels of some adipokines are associated with incidence of cardiovascular diseases through several mechanisms such as insulin resistance, vascular calcification, fibrinolysis disturbance, increased adhesion molecules expression, increased foam cell formation, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction Conclusion: In physiological condition, adipokines have protective effects on cardiovascular system. Adipokines imbalance causes pathological effects on this system. Undoubtedly, further researches in this field can promise appropriate strategies for CVDs prevention, control or even treatment.  }, Keywords = {Adipokines, Adipocytokines, Adipose tissue, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Pathophysiology.}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {51-73}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4482-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4482-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Solhi, Hassan and Badakhshan, Daruish and Abbasi, Mahmoud and Sanaei-Zadeh, Hossei}, title = {Identification and quantification of adulterants in six common foreign brands of herbal slimming capsules marketed for weight loss in Iran}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, the use of foreign herbal weight loss supplements is growing in Iran which due to the use of some unauthorized synthetic materials by manufacturers in their products can be problematic. The aim of this study was to analyze the contents of the foreign herbal slimming capsules common in use in the city of Arak in 2015. Methods: From the available foreign herbal slimming capsules, randomly six brands were selected and purchased from the supplier stores in the city of Arak. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the quantification analysis of the amounts of sibutramine, phenytoin and phenolphthalein in the capsules. Results: In all brands, sibutramine was identified and the highest values were in the brands of Original Super Slim and Slim Fast, as about 75 and 54 mg per capsule, respectively. In some brands, there were phenolphthalein and phenytoin with different values. Other unauthorized materials, such as caffeine, pseudoephedrine and amfepramone (diethylpropion) were identified using GC-MS data library. Conclusion: The foreign herbal slimming capsules included in the study, contain unauthorized synthetic materials not mentioned on the label. Healthcare providers should aware people regarding the use of foreign herbal slimming capsules and their side effects.  }, Keywords = {Herbal Medicine, Foreign, Weight Loss, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Adulterates}, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {74-80}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4502-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4502-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NazaryGilannejad, Tayebe and Gaeini, Abbas Ali and ForoughiPordanjani, Abbas and Omidi, Nahi}, title = {Comparing the Effect of 12 Weeks of Hatha Yoga and Aerobic Exercise on Serum Cortisol Values, Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Women with Diabetes Type 2}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of the present study was the evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of yoga exercise on serum cortisol values, stress, anxiety and depression in women with diabetes type 2. Methods: A total of 45 people were selected from diabetic women residing in Semnan city with an average age of (46.85 ± 3.35 years), weight of (69.79±17.18 kg), height (155.03±5.00 cm), Body Mass Index-BMI (29.64±5.00 kg per square meter) and with 6.46±2.69 years history of being diabetic and randomly divided into three groups of yoga exercise (N=15), aerobic exercise (N=14) and control group (N=12). Exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per week and each session 90 minutes. Blood was collected to measure the cortisol level 48 hours before starting the exercise and 48 hours after completing the exercise program. DASS-21 questionnaire was used to measure the stress, anxiety and depression. Data was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey statistical methods and t-tests at a significance level of p<0.05 by using the SPSS software version 20. Results: The results of present study showed that 12 weeks of yoga exercise can reduce the cortisol hormone, as well as improve stress, anxiety and depression in women with diabetes type 2. Also 12 weeks of aerobic exercise reduces cortisol hormone and improves stress in women with diabetes type 2. Conclusion: In general, we can say that the effects of yoga and aerobic exercise – both-can have beneficial effects on endocrine and stress in diabetic women, but these effects are greater and more useful after the yoga exercise.    }, Keywords = {Yoga practice, cortisol, stress, anxiety, DASS-21 questionnaire }, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {81-89}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4521-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4521-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bayrami, Mansour and abdollahi, elnaz and Hasheminosratabad, Toraj}, title = {The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training on Improvement of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Epilepsy: single subject study}, abstract ={Background: The prevalence of behavioral problems is significantly high in children with epilepsy compared to children with other chronic illnesses which do not affect the central nervous system. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbid disorder with epilepsy. Thus, children with epileptic seizure are in increased risk of cognitive disorders particularly attention problems. Parent Management Training (PMT) can be defined as an approach for the treatment of child behavioral problems in which parents are trained to alter their child's behavior. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PMT on improvement of symptoms of ADHD in a child with epilepsy.  Methods: The study design was single-subject using multiple baseline design. The samples were parents of two children with epilepsy and comorbid ADHD who completed Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) part A. Participants received 9 sessions of PMT (1-1.5 hour for each session per week). They completed CSI-4 part A in pretest, during the treatment and one month follow-up. Data were analyzed by visual analysis. Results: Results indicated the effect of PMT on ADHD symptoms was clinically significant. Findings showed positive effect of PMT on monitoring the child's behavior. Conclusion: Hence, the enhancement of parents’ control skills and the improvement of parent-child interaction could result in parents’ anger management and considerable reduction in child behavioral problems and aggression.  }, Keywords = {Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Parent Management Training (PMT), Behavioral problems, Epilepsy. }, volume = {24}, Number = {157}, pages = {90-98}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4580-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4580-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Mahmoud and RazaviArdekani, Seyed Mostajab and Erami, Atila and EskandariKootahi, Zahra and yazdani, Negar}, title = {Study of factors associated with developmental delay in low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.}, abstract ={Background: Advances in medical science and success in increasing the survival rate of vulnerable infants has raised the future evolution issues of these children. Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most common problem in children after discharge from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).An extensive range of factors involve in the occurrence of developmental disorders. According to the importance of the subject and lack of accurate information in the field of risk factors, related factors with the developmental disorders was investigated in this article, in low weight infants with history of care in NICU. Methods: This Cohort study was performed on 76, 4-24 month-old infants with a history of hospitalization in NICU of Shiraz Hazrat Zeinab (SA) hospital with an average weight of (1800gr). The information on pregnancy, child birth and problems during hospitalization was registered. These 4-24 month-old infants were evaluated developmentally according to Age & stage questionnaire (ASQ). The data was analyzed by statistical tests. Results: In the conducted evaluation using ASQ, the correlation coefficient statistical test did not show any significant relationship between developmental disorder with mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, surfactant and betamethasone injection, initial and final diagnosis of diseases (r< 1). Nor did T-Test show any significant differences between the mean of the presence of high-risk delivery and the average of performing advanced Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with developmental disorders and healthy children (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Although improvement in respiratory therapy, monitoring system, non-invasive or minimal invasive procedures and developmental care were decrease neonatal mortality rate and prematurity complications, but we cannot find any relationship between NICU-related risk factors and neurologic outcome.  For better outcome we must detect developmental delay as soon as possible and start early rehabilitation of low birth weight infants after discharge from NICU.  }, Keywords = {Low Birth Weight, Developmental Disorders, Related Factors, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4841-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4841-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {jafari, mehdi and saeedi, soleyman and chahardoli, behnam and paknezhad, hamidreza and amani, hame}, title = {Investigating the awareness level of Iranian medical students about hepatitis B}, abstract ={Background: Hepatitis B is a viral infection, which remains a global health problem and annually kills about 800,000 people worldwide. Regarding the changes in the transmission patterns of contamination, training at community level, and especially training of people at risk, can be effective in preventing the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of students about hepatitis B infection. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. 300 subjects were selected by simple random sampling. The subjects of this study included 162 female students (54%) and 138 male students (46%). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi square and independent t-test was used. Results: In total, 36% were undergraduate, 40% MD, 16% Masters and 8% were Ph.D. 66% of the subjects had moderate awareness, 10% had low awareness and 24% had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection. Also, the knowledge level of undergraduate students and PhD students was significantly higher than undergraduates and Ph.D. students (p<0.001). Awareness was significantly related to age and marital status. But there was no significant relationship between sex and level of awareness. Conclusion: our results showed that the majority of subjects had moderate knowledge HB (66% of subjects). Thus the need for more training in this area as well as among the people due to less awareness is felt.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B, Knowledge, Medical students}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {10-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4000-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4000-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {alizadeotaghvar, hamidreza and samavati, sara and nafissi, nahid and hosseini, mostafa and gholami, ssamir}, title = {Evaluation of Breast Masses Prevalence in an Educational Hospital in Iran}, abstract ={Background: Breast pathologies has a greatinfluence on morbidities and mortalities in all nations. Reasons for high prevalence of breast cancer in Iran is a point of intensedebate, which needs more data for better interpretion. Thus, we decided to perform a study showing frequencies of breast pathologies. Methods: In a cross sectional study in Rasule- Akramhospital, we gathered information's of 150 patients, who came to our center to evaluate breast lumps in the year 2015. All the patients undergone breast biopsy. The data were forage, gender, and pathology type. Results: From 150 cases, 146 patients were female (97.3%), and 4 were male (2.7%). 106 hadinvasive ductal carcinoma (70.7%) which had the highest frequency. Other pathologies were; fibroadenoma 14 cases (9.3%), lobular carcinoma 12 cases (8%), Intraductalpapiloma 5 cases (3.3%), phyllodes tumor 3 cases (2%), mucinous carcinoma 2 cases (1.3%), fat necrosis 2 cases (1.3%). The lowest prevalent disease types weremetastasis to the breast, fibrotic tissue due to previous mastectomy, and granulomatous mastitis with only one case (0.7%). In 67 cases (44.67%)there was accompaniment of fibrocystic changes with other mentioned pathologies, within which the strongest concomitance of the fibrocystic changeswas for invasive ductal carcinoma in45 cases (67.16%). Conclusion: Breast cancer has a very high prevalence worldwide. The prevalence seems to be even higher in Iran. Therefore, we to screenand train high risk patients to detect the carcinoma in the lower stages to lessen the burden of the disease.    }, Keywords = {Breast mass pathology, breast cancer}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {17-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4601-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4601-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {HesamiZokai, Faezeh and Heidari, Mohammad Mahdi and Khatami, Mehri and Nafissi, Shahriar}, title = {The study of mutation in exon 8 of CLCN1 gene in Iranian non-dystrophic myotonia patients}, abstract ={Background: Non-dystrophy myotonias (NDMs) have similar clinical signs of muscle weakness and congenital myotoniais typical example. This disease is caused by mutations in CLCN1 gene. CLCN1 gene has 23 exons and exon 8 is hotspot. Mutations in skeletal muscle chloride channel gene are associated with a group of clinically overlapping diseases by alterations in the excitability of the sarcolemma. The purpose of the study is to identify hotspot exon 8 mutations in Iranian non-dystrophic myotonic patients. Methods: In this study, twenty eight Iranian sporadic patients with non-dystrophic myotonia analyzed for the mutation scanning in exon 8 of CLCN1 gene by PCR-SSCP. DNA fragments showing abnormal banding patterns were sequenced for identification of exact mutations. Results: We found no mutation in exon 8 of CLCN1 genes. Conclusion: Our study indicates no mutation in the CLCN1 gene in Iranian non-dystrophic myotonia patients, but we suggest follow-up studies for finding the direct molecular relation of this gene with this disorder.  }, Keywords = {Nondystrophic myotonia, Mutation, CLCN1, PCR-SSCP}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {24-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3046-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3046-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zarneshan, Azam and Zolfaghari, Mohammadreza and Gholamnejad, Mahdia and Yousefi, Mehdi}, title = {Effect of aerobic exercise training on sex hormones and markers of inflammation in asthmatic women}, abstract ={Background: After puberty, asthma becomes more prevalent and severe in women as compared to men. Researchers are suggesting a role for sex hormones impact on inflammatory mediators. Physical activity decreases inflammation and sex hormone levels and improves pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training on sex hormones and blood markers of airway inflammation in mid-luteal phase of asthmatics women. Methods: The present study is of semi-experimental type wherein 24 women with mild to moderate asthma and regular menstrual cycles were selected and divided into two groups including exercise (n=13) and control (n=11) groups. The exercise group performed aerobic exercise training, three times a week, 60 minutes each session. Before and after the last training session and in mid luteal phase, estrogen, progesterone and blood inflammatory markers were measured. The research data analyzed using the dependent and independent t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: Twenty-one subjects (12 in exercise and 9 in control) completed the protocol. A significant decrease in serum IL-5 (p=0.001, t=-3.87), IL-4 (p= 0.026, t= - 2.68), and FEV1 (p=0.039, t=2.22) was observed following the 12 weeks of training in the exercise group compared to the control group. Linear regression model revealed that changes in progesterone concentration significantly contributed to the change in serum Il-5 levels (p=0.01, t=3.14, R2=0.497). Conclusion: The present study indicates that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training could play a useful role in the decreases of some inflammatory markers by changing levels of progesterone.  }, Keywords = {Aerobic exercise, Asthmatic women, Estrogen, Progesterone, Inflammatory markers}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {32-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4635-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4635-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Eghbali, Ehsan and Arazi, Hamid and Elahi, Mohamm}, title = {The relationship between health and anthropometric indices with handgrip strength, physiological indices and the 2D:4D ratio in children}, abstract ={Background: With the advancement of human society and changes in lifestyles, metabolic diseases and obesity are expanding rapidly among human populations. Researchers want to find new indicators   to obtain comprehensive information about the fitness and health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health and anthropometric indices with handgrip strength, physiological indices and the 2D:4D ratio in children 8 to 15 years. Methods: Participants in this study were 362 boys with an average age of 11.78±2.32 years, height 151.39±15.79 cm and body mass 38.06 ± 10.87kg. After completing the consent by their parents, anthropometric indices (body mass, height, sitting height, elbow width, knee width, leg length, arm circumference and calf circumference), second finger (index finger) and fourth finger (ring finger) sizes, health indices (BMI, WHR, fat percentage) and physiological (strength, speed, endurance and flexibility) were measured. Results: The results show that the 2D:4D ratio and handgrip strength is a significant relationship with health indices and anthropometric indices except body mass and sitting height (p≤ 0.05). According to the results, significant correlations (p≤ 0.05) were found between other physiological indicators with health and anthropometric indices except sit-ups and running 20 meters with BMI. Conclusion: According to the results, some of studied indicators can be used to examine children's physical health and fitness level.   }, Keywords = {2D:4D ratio, Handgrip Strength, Physiological Indices, Anthropometric Indices, Health Indices.}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4644-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4644-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Jamal and Dorosty, Ahmad-rez}, title = {relationship Dietary diversity scores with depression and self-esteem in Iranian soldier of Tehran barracks in 1395}, abstract ={Background: Currently, psychological disorders are prevalent everywhere. The most important psychological disorders are depression and low self-esteem. Dietary diversity score is important criterion for nutritional adequacy and a good predictor for chronic diseases of which its relationship with psychological diseases has received less attention. This study examines the relationship between dietary diversity scores with depression and self-esteem among Iranian soldiers in a barracks in Tehran. Methods: According to the study inclusion criteria and using cluster sampling method 246 Iranian soldiers were selected for this study. Demographic, socio-economic status and physical activityby data were collected using a questionnaire. For all participants a 24-hour food recall and dietary diversity was measured. Depression and self-esteem were measured by DASS and Rosenberg standard questionnaires. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 15.9% of subjects had major depression and 37% had low self-esteem. Odds ratio quartiles of dietary diversity for risk of depression, after adjusting for confounding pointers, were or = 1.00, 0.78, 0.75, 0.69; p<0.01, which estimated to be statistically significant. But the odds ratio quartiles of dietary diversity were not significant by self-esteem. Conclusion: Dietary diversity score reduces the odds ratio of depression but not affect self-esteem.  }, Keywords = {Depression, self-esteem, Dietary diversity score, soldier}, volume = {24}, Number = {158}, pages = {51-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4732-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4732-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {shahrokh, Hossein and Guran, Farshad and kaffashnayeri, Reza and momeni, Seyedali and momtazan, Abdolrez}, title = {The results of treatment and survival of Non-hilar clamping Simple enucleation in patients with Renal cell carcinoma (T1)}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and survival in patients with RCC treated with non-hilar clamping simple enucleation. Methods: In this case series study, all patients in Hashemi Nejad Hospital in Tehran undergone non-hilar clamping simple enucleation surgery in the years 1383 to 1393 by RCC T1 enrolled the study. Exclusion criteria included the presence of multi-focal RCC, synchronous mass in patients, the existence of positive lymph nodes before or during surgery and radical nephrectomy due to past RCC. 134 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy in tumors T1 (T1a, T1b) studied, 9 patients has not completed the follow up and 10 patients had oncocytoma and angiomyolipoma excluded the study. 115 patients with RCC pathology who undergone non-hilar clamping Simple Enucleation were examined. Results: In this case series study, 115 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC were evaluated on the basis that 70patients were male and 45 were female. Patients have ranged in age from 20 to 75 years old and 51.28 year. Average figure of 97% progression free survival at three-year and five-year study was 89%. Also three-year study of cancer specific survival at five years was 100% and 95% respectively. Patients who have relapsed 2 female and 2 were male. The recurrence was not significantly associated with gender (p= 0.511). Also 2 patients had recurrence of the left kidney and 2 were all right and there was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.643). Every 4 patients recurrent disease have T1b the difference was significant (p= 0.026). Also patients had recurrence of grade 2 to grade 1 patients have high grade recurrence was observed (p<0.001). No significant difference was found between GFR before and 3 months after surgery (p= 0.802) and a biopsy of the tumor bed margins were negative in all cases. Conclusion: Non-clamping SE in patients with T1 renal masses is similar to partial nephrectomy is onchologic results. In this study, recurrence was higher in patients with T1b tumors that appear in determining treatment and close follow-up T1 b should be more comprehensive criteria. Non clamping SE preserving kidney function is a good choice in the treatment of T1 tumors. Non clamping SE more complications following surgery and that could be more widely used.  }, Keywords = {Renal Cell Carcinoma, Non-hilar clamping simple enucleation, Survival}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3813-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3813-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Atashak, Sirvan and Batourak, Kawe and Azizbeigi, Kamal}, title = {The effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on metabolic syndrome factors and acylated ghrelin in middle- age women}, abstract ={Background: The results of the studies indicated that exercise training may decrease the metabolic syndrome factors. Hence, the present study conducted to evaluate the effect of moderate- intensity aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome risk factors and acylated ghrelin in middle- age women. Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, twenty-four middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome that voluntarily participated in this research assigned into two control (n=12) and aerobic training (n=12) groups. Training group was participated in aerobic exercise program that including walking and jogging with 60-70% HRR intensity for 8 weeks (three times per week). Status appetite of subjects and venous blood samples were collected before and after training program. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANCOVA tests. Results: The results indicated that aerobic training caused a significant reduction in the MetS Z scores, waist circumference, triglyceride, blood pressure, satiety, total caloric intake and significant increase in the acylated ghrelin plasma concentrations, high density lipoprotein, amount of protein consumption and hunger sensations in the training group (p<0.05). While no significant changes were observed found of these parameters in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Eight-week aerobic training can decrease the metabolic syndrome risk factors and increase satiety in middle-aged women. However, to understand the exact mechanism, further research is needed.  }, Keywords = {Aerobic exercise training, Metabolic syndrome, Acylated ghrelin, Middle-aged women}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {10-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4715-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4715-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {abbaspour, Maryam and Rajabi, Zahra and SoltanDallal, Mohammad Mehdi and Yazdani, Akram}, title = {Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococci species isolated from packed and unpacked dried vegetables distributed in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Enterococci are gram-positive cocci that have frequently been isolated from animal and vegetable foods. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of enterococci isolated from seven types of vegetables randomly selected from grocery stores in Tehran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 samples were collected from April to October 2015. Enterococci were detected in samples using the Gram stain and biochemical tests such as catalase reaction, and hydrolyze bile esculin and identified at the species level by the common biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates with six antibiotics was also done using the disc diffusion method. Results: Eighty-four out of 140 (60%) samples showed enterococci. Of these, 72.6% belonged to the species Enterococcus faecium. The results showed that 10, 6, 5, 1 and 1 isolates were E.durans, E. gallinarum, E. faecium, E. avium and E.casseliflavus respectively. Low percentages of microorganisms were resistant to tetracycline (15%), ampicillin (4%), and chloramphenicol (4%). A high percentage of microorganisms were resistant to gentamicin (93%), vancomycin (48%), and erythromycin (32%). Conclusion: The results revealed contamination of dried vegetables in Tehran. According to the findings, we conclude that training of dealers and food suppliers are necessary and healthy principals should be followed. Also, supervision on food packing and storage should be considered to prevent food microbial contamination.  }, Keywords = {Vegetables, Enterococcus, Antibiotic resistance, Tehran}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4687-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4687-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ekhtiari, Somaieh and raeeszadeh, mahdieh and mostafavi, Sayed Abolfazl}, title = {The comparative evaluation of the procurement, distribution and administration of drug in pharmacies of Kermanshah city to the standard of Food and Drug Organization}, abstract ={Background: Supervision of drug affairs is one of the highly important affairs of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. This study was to evaluate the pharmacies of Kermanshah City based on the standard of Food and Drug Organization. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic one which was carried out on 60 pharmacies in Kermanshah. The evaluative questionnaire developed by Food and Drug organization was used to collect data and its content validity and reliability estimating Cronbach’s alpha were confirmed. The data were analyzed descriptively (mean and standard deviation) and inferentially (T-test and Friedman rank sum test) Results: The findings of the study revealed that pharmacy space, prescription status, refrigerated medicinal products, licenses, and general status of pharmacies of Kermanshah are not in parallel with the related standards, but the status of medicine and treatment services, production of synthesis drugs, following the related instructions, warehousing condition, provision of pharmaceutical scientific resources, and interaction with other pharmacy-related organizations matched the standard well. There was also a significant difference between private and public pharmacies. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research study, the status of preparation, storing, and delivery of medicine in Kermanshah is in line with the standards but in some cases there was a relative adaptation. Constant and concise supervision of the Food and Drug Organization, and public and private informing through educational brochures and related workshops for pharmacies’ managers and personnel’s can promote the current status.  }, Keywords = {Drug procurement and administration, Pharmacy, Kermanshah City, Standards of Food and Drug Organization }, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {30-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4658-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4658-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ramzani, alireza and nasirisemnani, sar}, title = {Effects of preparation caused by Ischemic-Reperfusion along sodium bicarbonate supplementation on submaximal dynamic force production}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Sodium bicarbonate is a supplementation that used to reduce fatigue and increase power output in short-term training. On the other hand, the Ischemic Reperfusion Preconditioning (IRPC) is appropriate stimulus to increase the submaximal contractile response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ischemic Reperfusion Precondition in along with sodium bicarbonate supplementation on submaximal dynamic force generation. Materials and methods: 9 female student-athlete in double-blind randomized crossover design were three mode, sodium bicarbonate + IRPC, sodium bicarbonate and placebo+ IRPC. Participants move forward single arm dumbbell hand with a weight of 2 kg can be carried out most frequently. Every three training conditions records were collected. Plasma lactate concentration after the test was measured in all three conditions. In group IRPC, before testing the upper hand was under partial restriction of blood flow (BFR) for three minutes and after 1 minute reperfusion, motion carried. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni test at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The results showed that plasma lactate concentration and records of sodium bicarbonate + IRPC and sodium bicarbonate conditions were significantly difference compared to placebo + IRPC (Respectively p=0.001, p=0/02). Conclusion: According to the research findings, bicarbonate supplementation in IRPC training condition increased force and delay fatigue in submaximal dynamic contraction}, Keywords = {Preconditioning, Ischemic / Reperfusion}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {39-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4600-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4600-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pirnia, Bijan and Janbozorg, Masoud and Pirnia, Kambiz}, title = {Comparing the Depression Symptoms and Gender Differences in Individuals Dependent and Independent to Methamphetamine and the Relation of These Symptoms with Plasma Cortisol Level, a Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background: Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that is highly addictive and causes epigenetic changes that is associated with symptoms of depression. The aim of the present study is comparing age and gender differences in individuals dependent and independent to methamphetamine and examining the relation of depression with the level of cortisol. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 55 methamphetamine users with diagnosis of depression (29 men and 26 women) and also 65 non-users depressed patients (30 men and 35 women) among who referred to three stimulant treatment centers in Tehran were selected using purposeful sampling method and were assigned into four groups. Evaluating the level of plasma cortisol hormone was done using radioimmunoassay method (RIA) and depression symptoms were evaluated using Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, multivariate variance analysis and Pierson correlation. Results: The results showed the level of cortisol in two groups of male and female Meth users was higher than two groups of non-users (p<0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between the level of cortisol and depression in Meth users (p<0.05). This relationship is stronger in women than men. Also, age index in users had lower than two groups of non-users (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study can be useful in the process of preventing and treating addiction. Using chemotherapy in creating changes in cortisol levels with the aim of controlling usage relapse can be an appropriate path for future research in this field.               }, Keywords = {Cortisol, Methamphetamine, Depression, Addiction, Gender Differences}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {49-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4549-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4549-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Halvaei, Iman and Khalili, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Cosmetic microsurgery improves implantation and pregnancy rates in patients with history of implantation failure}, abstract ={Background: To evaluate the effect of fragment removal and coarse granulation removal from the perivitelline space (cosmetic microsurgery) on rates of implantation and pregnancy in patients with a history of implantation failure. Methods: Thirty intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with etiology of male factor and history of implantation failure were included in this prospective randomized study. The patients were divided into three groups of experiment (n=10), sham (n=10) and control (n=10). Embryos with ≥10% and ≤50% were entered the study. In the experiment group, fragments and coarse granules were removed from embryos before transfer into the uterus. In the sham group, laser assisted zona hatching was performed and in the control group no intervention was done. Implantation and pregnancy rates were compared between different groups. SPSS was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for evaluating numerical data and categorical data were compared between the groups using chi-square test. Results: No significant differences were seen in terms of age, duration of infertility, serum estradiol, LH, FSH, ovulation induction protocol between the three groups. Also, the number of retrieved oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, fertilized oocytes, embryo formation rate and transferred embryos were similar between groups. Fragments pattern (localized or diffused), size and degree of embryo fragmentation (14.5±4.9%, 24.6±5.6% and 21.5±4.3%, in experiment, sham and control groups respectively) were similar between groups. However, the rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy in the experiment group (35% and 70%, respectively) were significantly higher compared with the sham (10% and 30.8%, respectively) and control (0% and 0%, respectively) groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The cosmetic micromanipulation of human embryos at the cleavage stage improves rates of implantation and pregnancy in patients with previous history of failed implantation.}, Keywords = {fragment removal, coarse granulation removal, implantation failure, pregnancy}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {57-65}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4473-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4473-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {kuhpayehzadeh, jalil and Afsharpor, Sodabeh and Naghizadehmooghari, Zahr}, title = {Psychometric Adequacy of The Persian Version of The DELES questionnaire to evaluate the educational environment of environment of IUMS}, abstract ={Background: The assessing of distance education learning environments is the key to high-quality student-centered curriculum. A comprehensive, valid and reliable tool is essential in order to lead such evaluation. One of the patterns to measure the learning environment is DELES (distance education learning environments survey) measurement tool which is a specialized questionnaire to assess distance learning environment setting. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytic study. The study population is the distance medical education students of Iran University of medical science in master of sciences. The method of collecting data on the implementation of this project was census sampling method and the sample size included 150 students. Content and face validity was evaluated with 20 experts familiar with clinical education and structural validity evaluated using factor analysis method. Reliability stability was assessed through test - retest and internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha co-efficiency and whole data analyzed using SPSS 16 Software. Results: The DELES Questionnaire with an average score of 77.10 ± 17.8 (64%) of 120 was obtained good rating in the assessment. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Average content validity of the ratio (CVR) 0.30 was calculated, and 12 questions eliminated at this stage. Content validity of the Index (CVI) was calculated 0.42. In exploratory factor analysis of KMO, 0.856 was achieved, and the Bartlett test was significant: (p≤0.0001) Seven factors were confirmed that basis of a few questions was changed (coverage of variance=73.739%). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.937. Conclusion: The modified "DELES" Questionnaire in Persian language including 30 questions was presented with appropriate psychometric conditions that could be applied to assess distance education learning environments in medical education students of our country.}, Keywords = {Educational Environment, DELES questionnaire, Validity and reliability}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {66-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4428-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4428-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kargaran, Elham Kargaran and Ghaemi, Fatemeh and Dortaj, fariborz and MohammadHosseinMajdRezaee, Mohammad Hossein and Rasooli, Vahi}, title = {The Relationship between Personality Dimensions and Stress Coping Strategies in Patients under Chemotherapy and Dialysis Treatment}, abstract ={Abstract Background: A lot of studies have shown the relationship between personality and stress coping strategies. Patients under chemotherapy and hemodialysis patients experience much stress during treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was examining the relationship between personality and stress coping strategies in these patients.   Methods: The present study was correlational. Among patients who referred to Shohadaye Tajrish and Shahid Modares hospitals in Tehran, 160 patients( 80 individuals of each disease) were selected in an available sampling method. NEO Personality Questionnaire and Stressful Conditions Coping Styles Questionnaire by Parker and Andler were the tools used in the study. Findings: The findings showed there is a significant negative relationship between neurosis and problem-oriented solving strategy, there is a significant negative relationship between flexibility and avoidant coping style and there is a significant positive relationship between neurosis and avoidant coping style. Conclusion: Personality dimensions such as neurosis and flexibility can be the predictor of stress coping strategy in hemodialysis patients.}, Keywords = {Key words: Personality dimensions, Stress coping styles, Dialysis, Chemotherapy. }, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {76-82}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4618-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4618-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rasoolinajad, mehrnaz and abedinia, nasrin and Noorbala, Ahmad Ali and Mohraz, Minoo and Moradmand, Banefsheh}, title = {Effect of Mental Health, Coping Mechanisms and Stigma on Risky Behaviors in HIV Positive Patients in Iran - a Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background: Unfortunately, during the past years an increase in HIV infection is reported, especially through high-risk sexual relations. In this study, the effect of stigma, mental health and coping mechanisms on risky behaviors in HIV-positive patients were examined. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Using convienient sampling method 450 HIV-positive patients were enrolled from Behavioral and Infectious Disease Clinic in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Berger Scale Stigma, General Health-28 Questionnaire, and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire (WOCQ). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA and regression. Results: Mental health, stigma and coping mechanisms of problem solving were associated with risky behaviors (p<0.05) and rate of stigma was more in women and mental health lower in this group compared with men. Conclusion: Psychological interventions may be effective in improving mental health and reducing risk behaviors.  }, Keywords = {Key words: Social Stigma, Mental Health, Coping skills, Risk Behavior, HIV/AIDS}, volume = {24}, Number = {159}, pages = {83-93}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4685-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4685-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khavaninzadeh, Morteza and Ghahremani, Abolfazl}, title = {The Role of Doppler ultrasound findings in determining the chance, failure and access rate of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula placement}, abstract ={Background: Arteriovenous fistula is an important method for hemodialysis and prediction of fistula function and failure rate and access is crucial. This study was performed to determine the association between Doppler ultrasonography findings with function and failure and access rate of fistula. Methods: In this observational comparative cross-sectional study, out of 108 patients requiring fistula who had no appropriate condition, 61 consecutive patients with chronic renal failure under hemodialysis were enrolled and Doppler ultrasonography findings were determined and the association with failure and access rate was assessed. Results: In this study, thrill was present in 96.7%. The outcome was good in 92.2%. There was no association between Doppler ultrasonography findings with function and failure and access rate of fistula (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Finally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is useful to improve the function, reduce the failure and increase the access rate of fistula.  }, Keywords = {Doppler ultrasonography, Arteriovenous fistula, Hemodialysis}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4835-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4835-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bashiri, Jabbar and NourAzar, Alireza and Purrazi, Hass}, title = {Effect of three months aerobic training on Wnt-signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of male rats}, abstract ={Background: Atrophy in skeletal muscle plays an important role in disease-related tissue dysfunction such as sarcopenia. The Wnt-signaling pathway has been shown to be critical for skeletal muscle development. Current evidence suggests that exercise trainings may alter hypertrophy-related signaling in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigating the effect of three months aerobic training on Wnt-signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of male rats. Methods: This study was conducted as a two-group experimental design and sixteen 3-month-old male rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=8) and control (n=8). Rats in trained group participated in the aerobic training program for three months (75-80% ). 48 hours after the last training session, the soleus muscle of rats were extracted and β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β mRNA evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Independent t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the data (P<0.05). Results: β-catenin gene expression of trained group (1.11±0.17) was no-significantly lower than the control group (1.60±0.99) (30%, P=0.154). However, glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene expression of trained group (10.36±3.51) was significantly higher than the control group (1.99±1.2) (420%, P=0.001). Conclusion: In general, it seems that a three months aerobic training was effective in increasing glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene expression in skeletal muscle. This may be associated with an increased risk of muscle atrophy. However, more researches are needed to identify effects of different exercise trainings on Wnt-signaling pathway.}, Keywords = {Aerobic training, Skeletal muscle, Wnt signaling pathway}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {7-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4566-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4566-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Monshizadeh, Siavash and Arabi, Mohsen and Pahlevani, Rozhin and RezayiTavierani, Maji}, title = {A Case Report of missed Traumatic rupture of diaphragm}, abstract ={Background: The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle; the diaphragm can rupture in the field of blunt trauma, penetrating trauma or occur following medical procedures. Approximately 0.8 to 1.6% of patients with blunt trauma are suspected to have a rupture of the diaphragm. As diaphragmatic rupture is a rare clinical condition, so it may be undiagnosed and associated with complications and high mortality and morbidity. Case report: In this study we report a 53-year-old man, with history of blunt trauma five years ago, but during this period, remained undiagnosed. For shortness of breath, he visits physicians frequently and just receives medical treatment during these years. Finally, requested abdominal X-ray showed diaphragmatic rupture and herniation of the left side of the colon into the thoracic area. Conclusion: Having a strong clinical suspicion, taking a thorough history of the patient, performing an accurate physical examination and doing an essential diagnostic procedures should all be considered to help confirm the diagnosis.  }, Keywords = {Key words: Rupture of Diaphragm, Blunt trauma, Diaphragmatic trauma, Hernia}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {17-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4615-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4615-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khoshmirsafa, Majid and Seif, Farhad and Mohsenzadegan, Monireh and Najafi, Mohammad and Mokhtarian, Kobra and Shekarabi, Mehdi}, title = {Circulating microRNAs, valuable biomarkers in biological fluids}, abstract ={MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are severely protected sequences and single stranded structures approximately 18 to 25 nucleotides in length. The crucial role of miRNAs has been previously proved in the regulation of the gene expression in post transcriptional modification events of messenger RNA. The precise mechanism by which miRNAs modulate translational repression of mRNAs is not fully determined. However, two-third of human messenger RNAs might be miRNA targets nearly. MiRNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression and they play fundamental roles in routine cellular functions, such as cell growth and development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition, increasing evidence has suggested that miRNAs play an essential role in the generation, regulation and homeostasis of immune responses. Several studies in malignancies, infectious and autoimmune diseases, have shown changes in the expression level of miRNAs in cells and tissues and also their direct and indirect associations with diseases are shown. MiRNAs not only exist intracellularly, but also are found in body fluids in combination with lipoproteins or enclosed in the packaging of the bilayer membrane, which are called exosomes. Biological body fluids consist of different samples with specific features, including serum (plasma), saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, tear, semen, Pleural fluid, Peritoneal Fluid, Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL), amniotic fluid, as well as milk (Colostrum). Despite the presence of abundant ribonuclease in body fluids such as serum and urine, circulating miRNAs are stable and easy to be quantitatively measured. The variation in the expression of circulating miRNAs in the biological fluids of patients has enhanced the possibility that miRNAs may serve as novel and accessible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, the biological function and secretory mechanisms, as well as the meaning of this variation in the expression of miRNAs, remain largely uncertain. Recently, study of circulating miRNAs has opened new window in research to find novel, safe and noninvasive biomarkers in medical science. The potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease has mainly been demonstrated for various types of malignancies and autoimmune disease. Newly, however, attention has focused on the use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers infectious diseases such as human tuberculosis viral hepatitis. The purpose of present review is to analyze and describe the expression of circulating miRNAs in biological fluids. Therefore, we represent the recent studies which are conducted in this field to identify and introduce effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring treatment in different diseases.}, Keywords = {MicroRNAs, circulating microRNA, biological fluids and biomarker}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {22-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4768-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4768-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {taghizadeh, hassan and taghizadeh, eskandar}, title = {A case report and review of sandhoff diseases in gachsaran city}, abstract ={Sandhoff is a rare genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by deficiency in hexosaminidase B enzyme. Symptoms usually begin 6 months after birthday and include developmental delay, visual impairment, seizures, and cherry red spots in the eyes. In this report we present a patient with Sandhoff disease which is confirmed by enzyme assay and molecular methods.}, Keywords = {sandhoff,hexose aminidase B,cherry red spot}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {37-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4042-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4042-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation the effect of Fingolimod on the number of brain plaque in multiple sclerosis patients before and after treatment at MRI}, abstract ={Background: Several treatments have been proposed to control Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod is the first oral medication for the disease that was approval by Food and Drug Administration American (FDA) since 2010 and is produced in Iran from October 2013. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of fingolimod on the number of brain plaque in multiple sclerosis patients before and after treatment at Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: This study was analytical and the brain plaques of 64 patients with MS was determined with MRI at the beginning and end of the study (after 12 months of using fingolimod). The software of SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The number of active plaques and number of active plaques in the form of rings on MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis significantly increased after treatment (p<0.05).But there was no statically difference between the number of active plaques in the form of nodule on MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis befor and after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of once-daily fingolimod 0.5 mg after 12 months can not prevent from the rise of active plaques on MRI in MS patients.  }, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, MRI, fingolimod. }, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {41-47}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4137-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4137-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Jamal and Yekaninejad, Mirsaeid and DorostyMotlagh, Ahmadrez}, title = {The relationship between dietary diversity, body fat and previous lifestyle with depression and self-esteem in training military service}, abstract ={Background: Mental disorders are on the rise which disrupt health status. Depression and loss of self-esteem are the most important problems which will lead to chronic diseases. One of the steps affecting mental health is military service. The aim of this study was to evaluate depression and self-esteem during training troops and their relation with people's lifestyle. Methods: In This semi experimental study 246 soldiers in 2016, according to inclusion criteria were selected from an army barrack. After obtaining informed consent depression and self-esteem and other indices were measured. After 8 weeks, repeated assessments of depression and self-esteem was performed, and the connections with lifestyle was determined by linear regression. Values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean age was 24.15±1.54 years. The degree of depression and self-esteem were 2.72 and 4.33 that changed to 2.24 and 5.58, respectively. A high diversity of food reduces depression. Weight loss during the period of soldiers on changes in depression and self-esteem was effective and statistically significant. Conclusion: During military training period depression and self-esteem chenged. High dietary diversity and good economic status are protective factors against these changes. Further studies are recommended to determine these relationships.}, Keywords = {Military training, Diet diversity, Life style, Self-esteem, Depression}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {48-61}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5096-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5096-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Factors influencing patient choice of a medical consultant in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Patient informed choice improves medical services through creating competition among healthcare providers. Understanding patients’ expectations helps providers meet patients’ needs accordingly. This study aimed to determine factors affecting patient choice of a specialist physician in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A valid and reliable questionnaire based on 10P marketing mix model was used for conducting such a cross- sectional descriptive study. Cluster sampling method was used to recruit 400 patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Factors related to the characteristics of patient and physician and contextual factors influence patient choice. The most important factors in choosing a specialist physician were the package of services, process of providing the services, product (type of service required) and promotion. Conclusion: Quality is an important factor in choosing a medical consultant. Knowledge of factors affecting patient choice of a specialist physician can be used in marketing strategies by physicians. Understanding patients’ preferences and expectations leads to quality improvement of healthcare care services.  }, Keywords = {Patient choice, Physician, Patient satisfaction, Marketing}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {62-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4392-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4392-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khorang, Jahanbakhsh and Amini, Sabrieh and Babahajian, Woria and Ferdowsi, Shiri}, title = {Investigation of Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with thalassemia major in Kurdistan province}, abstract ={Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia caused by abnormal hemoglobin chain formation.Treatment is through blood transfusion, which improves the symptoms. However, blood transfusion has complications e.g transmission of infection such as Parvovirus B19. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Parvovirus B19 infection in thalassemia major patients in Kurdistan province. Methods: In this descriptive study 106 thalassemia patients referred to hospitals in Kurdistan province were randomly selected in 2016. For each patient a questionnaire containing demographic information including age, sex, blood transfusion intervals and duration of blood transfusion were collected. For IgM and IgG antibodies, Euroimmun ELISA kit was used. After the tests, obtained data were analyzed using Pearson statistical test. Results: Prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with thalassemia were 3.7% and 17.9%, respectively. The correlation between IgG and IgM antibody titer and blood transfusion interval was not significant (p=0.377, p=0.254). The correlation between IgG and IgM antibody titer and gender was not significant (p= 0.61 and p= 0.961, respectively). Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of 3.7% for IgM antibody, screening of donated blood for Parvovirus B19 is necessary in patients with hematological disorders in Kurdistan province.  }, Keywords = {Thalassemia, Parvovirus B19, IgG and IgM antibody}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {73-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4647-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4647-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {alizadeh, shahab and Hassani, Hossein and alizadeh, hamzeh and jafarian, Kurosh}, title = {vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery disease: findings from a meta-analysis with 5259 cases}, abstract ={Background:Previous studies evaluating the association between ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) have produced inconsistent results. The present meta-analysis of eligible studies was conducted to reveal whether this polymorphism plays a role in susceptibility to CAD. Methods: Literature search of Medline and EMBASE databases were conducted to identify all eligible studies. Odd ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association in the dominant model, recessive model, allelic model, homozygotes contrast, and heterozygote contrast. Results: a total of nine case-control studies with 5259 CAD cases and 1981 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, we found no significant association between the ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene and CAD risk in any genetic model tested (P ˃ 0.05). Moreover, in subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was evident between these polymorphisms and susceptibility to CAD in Caucasians and east-Asians in all models. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene might not be associated with susceptibility to CAD. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.  }, Keywords = {vitamin D receptor, polymorphism, coronary artery disease, meta-analysis}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {79-89}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4662-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4662-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Serajian, Abdollah and Nourshahi, Maryam and LaVoy, Emily and Eliaspour, dariush}, title = {Decrease in baseline values of inflammatory mediators and improvement in muscular performance after 4-weeks fish oil supplementation}, abstract ={Background: Inflammation is the body’s response to various diseases that also happens after strenuous exercise. Previous studies showed significant effect of fish oil on reducing inflammation in patients but its effect on exercise inflammation and muscular performance is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-weeks fish oil supplementation on inflammatory mediators and muscular performance in response to exhaustive exercise. Methods: For this purpose, 16 healthy men (age: 26.90±2.64 yrs, weight: 78.33±10.42 kg, height: 175.80±4.89 cm, body fat percent: 18.40±5.46%) voluntarily participated and were assigned in fish oil (FO=9) and corn oil (CO=7) groups and consumed 6 gr/day supplements for 4 weeks. Levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and salivary cortisol were investigated using ELISA method. In addition, MVC of the tibilias anterior muscle was also assessed. Blood and saliva samples and MVC assessments were performed before and after exercise both in pre- and post-supplementation periods. Results: Our results showed significant decrease in baseline values of TNF-α and IL-10 and increase in baseline values of MVC of FO group after supplementation (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed between IL-10 (F=9.17, P=0.017) and MVC (F=4.79, P=0.046) changes of participants after supplementation. However, there wasn’t significant differences in salivary cortisol values after supplementation or exercise (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed significant effect of FO supplementation on reducing inflammation either before or after exercise that can lead to increase in muscular performance. However, its exact molecular pathways need more investigation}, Keywords = {Exhaustive exercise, TNF-α, IL-10, Salivary cortisol, MVC, Fish oil}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {90-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4884-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4884-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {razavi, hamideh and janfaza, saj}, title = {Nanoethosomes in Transdermal Drug Delivery}, abstract ={Transdermal drug delivery system is a non-invasive and an efficient method that provides sustained release and delivers therapeutics to target site. This system can improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the drugs, keep the plasma level of the drug constant, prevent the hepatic first pass metabolism and is convenient and pain-free self-administration for patients. Despite the many advantages of this system, the stratum corneum is the main obstacle to penetration through the skin.  A series of researches are taken in order to overcome stratum corneum to improve drug penetration. With the development of nanotechnology, using nanovesicles system such as ethosomes has been considered recently. Ethosomes are the ethanolic phospholipid nanocarriers which are mainly employed for transdermal drug delivery. These soft and flexible vesicles can transport drugs to the deep layers of the skin or systemic circulation. The presence of ethanol in ethosomes causes increase in the fluidity of cell membrane lipids and enhances skin permeation of ethosomes. Ethosomes have a lot of advantages including improvement of drug efficiency, decreasing the cytotoxicity of encapsulated drug in the nanovesicle, increasing patient compliance, reducing the cost of treatment and non toxicity of vesicle. In this review, we have tried to describe all aspects of ethosomes including structure, and the main properties of ethosomes, advantages and disadvantages, methods of preparation, mechanism of permeation, and ethosomes function. Also its various features and roles in drug delivery, skin penetration performance of ethosomes are reviewed.    }, Keywords = {Ethosome, Ethanol, Phospholipid, transdermal drug delivery}, volume = {24}, Number = {160}, pages = {100-113}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4654-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4654-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {salehi, masood and mehmandar, mohammad reza and mobaderi, tofigh}, title = {Application of growth mixture model to analysis of road traffic death rate in the world, 2007 -2013}, abstract ={Background: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is a major public health problem in the world. The RTAs patterns are different in various countries which require taking specific approach es and strategies. The purpose of this study was to use Growth Mixture Model (GMM) to study the pattern of RTAs death rate worldwide. Methods: In this longitudinal study, RTAs death rate data of 193 countries from 2007, 2010 and 2013 were extracted from the World Health Organization reports. In order to investigate the RTAs growth trajectory, linear and nonlinear Latent Growth Models (LGM) were used and compared to each other. Finally, the GMM was fitted to identify and classify countries based on RTAs death rate patterns. Statistical analyses were conducted by Mplus 6.12. Results: The nonlinear LGM fitted better than the linear model. According to nonlinear model, the estimated RTAs rate trend was downward in the first three years and then the rate changed to upward. By using GMM, seven subgroups with different RTAs death rate patterns were determined. Conclusion: From 2007 to 2013, the RTAs death rate in the world started to decline and then increased. Based on death rate growth trajectories, world countries classified into seven subgroups with various patterns. Therefore, in order to reduce RTAs death rate in the world different approaches need to be considered for each subgroup.             }, Keywords = {Latent growth model, Growth mixture model, Road traffic accident, Heterogeneity, Longitudinal analysis}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4982-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4982-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {moghadam, fatemeh and jaaemi, madineh and soltani, hesam and esmaili, roghieh}, title = {Survey of social adjustment of women with breast cancer Under chemotherapy in Boukan in 1394}, abstract ={Abstract Background: breast cancer is a high stressed disease which social adjustment is the most effective way to encounter it in this group of patients. Having Knowledge toward social adjustment has important role in its improvement; we try to show this fact in this research. Method: This study has descriptive design and 83 women with breast cancer were select for this research in Boukan city. For gartering data we used of social adjustment’s questionnaire which contained 45questions in 7 domains its validity was obtained by content validity and its reliability was 0.89 by Alpha cronbach test. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and SPSS software. Results: result showed the average of age of participants was 42.32, 57.14%of patients were house keeper.39.28 had Diploma degree.64.28 of them had income equal with their spending and 57.14% of patient’s disease was recognized less than 6 months. The average social adjustment’s score was 125.28+0.53.Assesing varies domain showed that patients have the least problem in their role as parents 19.18±1.59.but their most problem was with their spouse  15.96±1.14. Conclusions: by considering low level of social adjustment in breast cancer women, medical managers and nurses should pay attention toward social adjustment in patients with breast cancer and provide essential facility in this field.   }, Keywords = {social adjustment, breast cancer, chemotherapy}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {13-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4575-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4575-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {KordVarkaneh, Hamed Kord Varkaneh and Rahmani, Jamal and Tajik, Somaye and Zarezadeh, Meysam and Nazari, Ali and Fatahi, Somaye}, title = {Association between dietary inflammatory index with obesity in Women who referred to health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: Obesity is one of the most important public health problems around the world and is considered as a chronic inflammation. It iswell known that body mass index and abdominal obesity are associated with increased inflammation. Diet plays a major role in regulating chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary Inflammatory index (DII) and obesity in Tehranian women. Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 198 women referred to health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences by cluster sampling. Food intake was measured by food frequency questionnaire and the inflammatory diet index was calculated. Anthropometric measurements in women included measurement of weight, height, and circumference. Disturbing factors were adjusted in last analysis and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 33.4 years and the mean BMI was 25.1. The distribution of individuals in terms of weight, BMI and waist circumference was significant on tertile of DII. The odds ratio for central obesity in the lowest tertile of the DII after adjustment for confounding light compared to the highest tertile was 0.10 that was statistically significant. But the odds ratio for general obesity was not significant, according to tertile of the DII p=0.2. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that with increased DII, the odds ratio of central obesity is increased. But has no effect on the risk of developing general obesity. Further studies are required to clarify this relationship.               }, Keywords = { dietary inflammatory index, obesity, waist circumference, abdominal obesity}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {21-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4899-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4899-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khoshroo, Mohammad and Shekarabi, Mehdi and Khamseh, Mohammad Ebrahim and Kalhor, Naser and Novin, Leila and Shiri, Zahra and Khazeni, Mohammad and yousefi, Mehdi}, title = {Comparison of Type1 diabetes mellitus and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults based on family history of diabetes}, abstract ={Background: Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is a form of autoimmune diabetes initially managed with oral hypoglycemic agents before becoming insulin requiring. One of the LADA risk factors is family history of diabetes (FHD) that less well understood. Our aim was investigate the influence of FHD on the incidence of LADA compared with those for type 1. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 126 patients participated. Of these, 86 patients had type 2 diabetes and 40 persons were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The two groups compared for biochemical, anthropometric and clinical characteristics. The GADA, ICA and IA2A assessed by ELISA technique used for diagnosis of LADA patients. Then, LADA and T1DM patients compared regarding diabetes mellitus family history. Results: According to the findings this study, 26 (74.28%) patients with LADA and 17 (42.50%) patients with type 1 diabetes had a family history of diabetes. Also, a significant association was observed between family history of diabetes and LADA. Mean concentrations of C-peptide in LADA patients with a family history of diabetes was 0.62±0.22 and in those without a family history of diabetes was 1.05±0.43 ng/mL, showed significant differences (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that family history of diabetes could be a risk factor for LADA and that the effect of family history may be mediated through a heritable reduction of insulin secretion.  }, Keywords = {LADA, Autoantibody, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Family history of diabetes}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {31-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4788-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4788-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {faraghaty, maryam and sohrabi, faramarz and borjali, ahmad and farokhi, noorali and skandary, hosai}, title = {The role of personality, spiritual, emotional and relational variables for addiction treatment among addicts}, abstract ={Background: Addiction is a biological, psychological and social disease that due to its progressive nature affects all dimensions of life of the individual, the family and the society. Current research aims at identification and prediction of effective variables on success of addiction treatment among addicts of Alborz Province Addiction Treatment Centers in 2016. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational research. For this study, 400 successful and unsuccessful addicts in quitting addiction were selected using convenience sampling and Krejcie and Morgan Table. Both groups answered to Personality Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Alexithymia Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Spiritual Attitudes, and Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis through SPSS v. 20. Results: Findings showed that there were higher means for social support, spiritual attitude, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among treated samples and higher means for depression, stress, alexithymia, and neurosis among addicted individuals. The differences between groups’ means for all variables at p=0.01 and for acceptance variable at p=0.05 were reported to be significant. Conclusion: Among 18 predictable variables seven of them which consist of social support, negative affections, alexithymia, spiritual attitude, extroversion, agreeableness, positive reassessment, remained in the model which with the ability of 86.8 per cent can predict the success of addiction treatment.    }, Keywords = { Personality, Spirituality, Emotion, Negative affections, Alexithymia, Social Support}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {39-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4840-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4840-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Iranshahi, Hamid and mostaajeran, mahnaz and feizi, awat and Aghdak, pejman and Yadegarfar, Ghasem}, title = {Using Latent Class Regression in the evaluation of awareness level of Esfahanian women 20 to 65 years on different components of Breast cancer}, abstract ={Background: In Iran, breast cancer is the most common cancers and the first cause of death from cancer. The purpose of this paper was to present accurate educational needs in various women's groups and by providing effective strategies to increase awareness of the different dimensions of the disease, preventing breast cancer, or if it occurs, be discovered and treated at an early stage. These ultimately can reduce the burden of the disease in the community. Methods: This study, using data collected in 2012, was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 10,000 Esfahanian women aged 20 to 65 years. Of these, 9260 women were eligible for the study and the data from the questionnaire were analysed using Latent Class Regression. Results: The mean±SD age of the subjects in this study was 37.5±11.7 years. In evaluating the factors affecting the identification of risk factors for breast cancer, age variable had very little effect on the placement of subjects at different levels. The chance for women with positive family history of breast cancer in class I and II is 30% higher than class III. Conclusion: The place of residence of people (urban / rural) had the most effect on the level of awareness of all aspects of breast cancer. Thus, those individuals living in urban areas had a greater chance of being placed at a higher level of aware than rural residents, which could be due to the unjust distribution of wealth and educational, health and medical facilities.               }, Keywords = {Breast Cancer, Awareness, Early Symptoms, Screening, Latent Class Regression}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {51-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4878-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4878-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AttarzadehHosseini, Seyyed Reza and MohammadRahimi, Gholam Rasul and Ghaemi, Jav}, title = {Compare waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-stature ratio in predicting overweight / obese male students}, abstract ={Background: Central body fat is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. Waist circumference has been used as a proxy measure of central body fat; and Waist-to-height ratio has been proposed as an alternative, conveniently age-independent measure of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this research was to compared waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-stature ratio in predicting overweight / obese male students. Methods: Subjects were new entrants male students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad with range of 18-22 years. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-stature ratio barefoot and with minimal clothing were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and ROC analysis. Results: Mean waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio in different groups of BMI was significant. Area under the curve for WC (p=0.003) and WHtR (p=0.013) had significant difference, but WHR was not significant (p=0.335). Conclusion: WC and WHtR are better indices than WHR to detect in overweight and obesity; however WC is the index applicable for clinical practice because it is easier to measure than the other two indices and is low cost.  }, Keywords = {Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Waist-to-Height Ratio, Overweight/obesity}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {67-76}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4889-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4889-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {etemad, ala and kordloo, zahra and Hashemi, Akram}, title = {Evaluation of educational environment. interns and emergency medical assistants of Hazrat Rasool Hospital in Iran}, abstract ={Background: Surveying the attitude of interns and emergency medical assistants of Hazrat Rasool hospital in Iran about its educational environment. Methods: The research had cross-sectional descriptive method. The statistical population included all interns as well as all emergency medical assistants of Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital in the 2017 first semester of whom 37 samples were selected by census. In this study, the Persian version of the DREEM questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean graph and standard deviation and analytical statistics such as t-test and Chi-square were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of study showed that the overall score of the educational environment in the group of assistants was 138.52 and in interns was 99±1.28, which had a significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.001). According to McAleer and Rough's Practical Guide, the average between 101 and 150 indicates that positive points were more than negative. Conclusion: Decision makers and educational planners need more effort to improve the status quo.  }, Keywords = { Learning atmosphere, learners, Dreamweaver questionnaire}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {77-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4903-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4903-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {zargar, mohammad and alizadehotaghvar, hamidreza and danaei, abolfazl and babaei, masomeh}, title = {Factors Affecting of Telemedicine Technology Acceptance among Technology Specialists in Iranian Hospitals}, abstract ={Background: Telemedicine is a new technology used in electronic and digital technology to provide medical and health care to patients who are away from treatment centers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of this technology in Iranian hospitals. Methods: The present study is a quantitative study that is considered as an applied objective. The statistical population consisted of specialists and experts familiar with telemedicine technology in Iranian hospitals, among them with simple random sampling method 250 were selected as sample and electronic questionnaire distributed among sample members and the collected data were analyzed using the structural equation method. Results: The results showed that the trust of users and the appropriate infrastructure on the effectiveness of telemedicine had direct effect and the effectiveness of telemedicine is directly associated with the ease of perceived use and the perceived usefulness of telemedicine. Conclusion: The use of telemedicine technology in Iran is necessary, and in order to deploy and adopt telemedicine technology, it is necessary to have the appropriate technical and communication infrastructure and the trust of users, in order to increase the effectiveness of this technology, we will witness its increasing use and acceptance in hospitals of the country.               }, Keywords = {telemedicine, technology acceptance model, hospital.}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {88-98}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4918-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4918-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Yazdi, Hamidreza and Bahrami, zahra and GhorbanHosseini, mohammad and Soleimani, Morteza and Torkaman, Ali}, title = {The Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Athletes who reffered to Firoozgar and Shafa Yahyaeeian Hospital from 1380 to 1389}, abstract ={Background: Injuries to ACL can be seen with meniscus tear, chondral lesions, and other ligament injuries. This study assesses the epidemiology of ACL injury and concomitant injuries in an athletic population. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2011, athletes with ACL injuries were enrolled in this study. Ultimately, 227 patients, 220 males (96.92%) and 7 females (3.08%), were studied. Results: Median interval from accident to surgery was 18 months, and the mean of this interval was 21.85 months. Mean age of patients was 25.6 years. 75% of patients had some type of meniscus injury (medial meniscus injury in 52.15%). The most common site of meniscus injury was posterior horn in both medial and lateral meniscus. Chondral lesions were seen in 13.4% of patients, and the highest risk was 4 years after injury. Most chondral lesions (65.5%) occurred in the medial compartment. The ligament most commonly injured in association with an ACL injury was the medial collateral ligament (6.9%). Noncontact sports, especially soccer, were the most common cause of ACL injury (50%). Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that concomitant injuries with ACL tear will increase with time. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of early operation (ACL reconstruction) to decrease concomitant injuries.  }, Keywords = {Anterior cruciate ligament, Epidemiology, Meniscus Tear, Chondral lesion, Ligament Injury, Athletic population}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {99-105}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4117-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4117-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {azizi, Massoumeh and shahbaziyankhonig, arash}, title = {Study of Obsessive-compulsive disorder in migraine sufferers and compared them with normal individuals}, abstract ={Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the psychological disorders that, theoretically, is connected with migraine. This study aimed to compare components of obsessive-compulsive disorder in migraine sufferers with healthy individuals. Methods: This study is causal-comparative and its population includes all patients admitted to Khatam Hospital in Zahedan during 2015. 105 people with migraine selected by using Gpower, recognition of neurologists and Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire. They were compared with 105 normal individuals. The tools were Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire (AMQ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCI-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Manova. Results: Results showed there is a significant difference between the groups with and without migraine in component scores of obsessive-compulsive disorder. So that migraine sufferers in washing, ordering, checking, neutralization and intellectual obsession acquired better scores (p<0.05). Between the two groups, no significant differences was observed in the accumulation component (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results, in terms of more attention to obsessive-compulsive disorder, is important in reducing migraine attacks.  }, Keywords = {Psychological Disorders, Migraine, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, volume = {24}, Number = {161}, pages = {106-113}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4865-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4865-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Purderakhshan, Azadeh Pur derakhshan and Mokhtarinia, Hamid Rez}, title = {Ergonomics evaluation of computer lab of university of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences}, abstract ={Background: Educational environment is a major factor for teacher and student’s health, comfort and academic performance. Nowadays, technology improvement in classroom environment has exposed the users to ergonomics risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the ergonomics of computer lab from student and expert’s point of view. Methods: This analytic descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences in 2016. Noise, lightening status, classroom environment and anthropometrics adjustment between students and class furniture dimensions were measured with sound level meter, luxmeter (Hagner EC1), Computer Classroom Environment Inventory (CCEI) checklist and anthropometric kit, respectively. Results: Results showed that space environment, work space and computer station were not satisfactory but visual space seemed appropriate which was consistent with student’s opinion. Subjective and objective evaluation of acoustical comfort was not desirable. There was not any match between student’s physical dimensions and furniture dimensions except the under table space which was consistent with the students opinions. Conclusion: Ergonomics intervention in order to increase the ergonomics conditions of computer lab should be considered.  }, Keywords = {Keyword: Education environment, Ergonomics, Anthropometry }, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3583-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3583-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {mehraein, fereshteh and Zarin, Parastoo and Mazaheritirani, Zohreh}, title = {Study of GPX3 and NRF2 gene experssion in oocytes of hyperstimulated polycystic ovary mouse model}, abstract ={Background: One of the common ovary malfunction is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). In this study, GPX3 and NRF2 gene experssion which are responsible for oocyte maturation, were studied. Methods: Adult female mice were divided into groups of control, sham, PCO, hyperstimulated control, hyperstimulated sham and hyperstimulated PCO. During two weeks, the weight of all mice and the level of LH and FSH hormones were evaluated. In hyperstimulated groups, after 14 hours of hyperstimulation, the oocytes were collected from fallopian tube and the expression of GPX3 and NRF2 genes were evaluated by real time PCR. Ovary tissues from all groups were H&E stained and evaluated by morphometric methods. The results were analyzed by SPSS software, ANOVA and tukey tests. Results: Morphometric studies showed many cystes in cortex and medulla of the ovary in PCO group. In PCO group the level of LH and FSH hormones were higher than control and sham groups significantly (p<0.05), but in hyperstimulated groups, they were not significant. The GPX3 and NRF2 gene experssion in hyperstimulated PCO group were significantly lower than hyperstimulated control and sham groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the time of oocyte maturation in hyperstimulated PCO group is different when compared to the other hyperstimulated groups.  }, Keywords = {polycystic ovary syndrome, oocyte maturation, gene experssion}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {11-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4666-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4666-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alijani, Hassan and Matroodi, soheila and sharafi, ali and zamani, Issac}, title = {Diversity and Antimicrobial Activities of Streptomyces Isolated from intertidal Sediments of Deylam, Iran}, abstract ={Background: Actinomycetes have significant biosynthetic potential of secondary metabolites and promising resource for drug industry. These secondary metabolitesare diverse in biological, chemical structures and functions and the most prolific source of antimicrobial compounds. Most of these antimicrobial have beenisolated from soil-derived actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Actinobacteria from Deylam intertidal sediments using 16S rDNA universal primers and screening of isolates for production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites by using disk palate assay. Methods: Six isolates were isolated from soil samples collected from different sites. Allsix isolates were considered as Streptomyces sp. according to phylogentic study based on 16S rDNA gene. Isolates were analyzed for production of potent antimicrobial secondary metabolites using standard disk and well assay. Results: Results showed that none of isolates supernatant had inhibitory effect on P. vulgarisand Klebsilla sp. the most inhibition zone of pathogenic bacteria was shown by AHA5 against S. typhi (9.2 mm). Altogether isolates supernatant showed more antifungal activity in comparison with antibacterial activity and the most inhibition zone was demonstrated by AHA1 supernatant against T. mentagrophytes pathogenic fungi with 21 mm diameters of zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Our results highlighted thatmangrove Deylam intertidal sediments represented a reservoir for isolation of Actinobacteria, which are potential sources for discovery of antimicrobial secondarymetabolites.  }, Keywords = {Actinomycetes, Antimicrobial activity, Streptomyces, Intertidal sediments}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {22-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4832-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4832-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Radgoudarzi, Mohammad and Joudi, Mitra and Salehi, Shima and Esmaeili, Hasan and Taghipour, Zahr}, title = {The Investigation of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and it`s treatment in Children with Chest Pain}, abstract ={Background: Chest pain is one of the most common causes of children visit in the cardiology clinic. In a significant number of pediatric patients the cause is non cardiac origin. Anxiety and depressive disorders in children are common and can be the cause of many other disorders. This study was designed to evaluate anxiety and depressive disorders in children with chest pain. Methods: In this study, children with complaint of chest pain during 2014-15, referring to Gorgan city Taleghani Hospital, after ruling out the cardiac and common non cardiac causes, were referred to a children psychiatric physician. Children with depression and anxiety were treated with fluoxetine. Results: During the survey, 18% of all patients had anxiety disorder and 1% of study subjects had depression. In 92% of patients, the chest pain and symptoms of underlying mental illness improved. Conclusion: Based on our findings, a significant percentage of children with non-somatic chest pain had different types of anxiety disorder and depression. The results of this study can be a very good fact to show the influence of treatment on the inhibition of anxiety disorders and depression-related illnesses such as chest pain and other underlying symptoms.  }, Keywords = {Chest pain, Anxiety disorder, Depression}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {32-39}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4516-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4516-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Aliannezhadi, Maryam and faez, masoomeh}, title = {Cancer treatment by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is one of the most leading causes of death in the world. The number of cancer survivors is increasing because of early detection, new treatment methods and growth of the population. Also, the extensive researches continue to achieve the best practical treatment. Hyperthermia by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is one of the newest and the most practical non-invasive techniques in cancer treatment so, using HIFU in the treatment of solid cancerous tumors and its efficiency is evaluated in this paper. Material and methods In the method, the temperature is increased in the tissue and tumor by using HIFU absorption and maintains temperature. By maintaining temperature the condition is created so that Irreversible changes are occurred in the cells and it leads to cell death. So in this approach, heat is used to induce the tumor ablation without thermal damage to normal tissue surroundings. This technique can reduce significantly the side effects. It has the potential to cause selective necrosis by heating or cavitation without entering an electrode into the tumor. Also, using HIFU is considered to treat solid tumors, including prostate, liver, breast, kidney, bone and pancreas cancerous tumors. According the results, this approach could be an appropriate alternative technique to surgical excision. In addition, it relieves pain in the advanced cancer. Patients accept this method more easily, psychologically and cosmetically. Finally, HIFU ablation can induce immune response, and suppression of the tumor activity. Therefore, High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation may play a key role in future clinical cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {non-invasive cancer treatment, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), hyperthermia}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {40-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4862-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4862-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Safizadeh, Banafsheh and Hoshyar, Reyhane and Mehrpour, Masoud and Bijari, Bita and Sheikhi, Alireza and Tavakoli-Yaraki, Masoumeh}, title = {Evaluation of the gene expression level of 15-Lipoxygenase-1 and its metabolite (15-S-HETE) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and its association with serum lipid profile}, abstract ={Background and aim: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common autoimmune inflammatory diseases in young ages. Many aspects of this disease are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and activity level of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (a producer of lipid peroxide and regulating inflammation and immune responses) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy individual and considering its correlation with lipid profile of individuals. Materials and Methods: 30 patients of Firouzgar Hospital in Tehran with multiple sclerosis and 23 healthy subjects as control group have participated  in  this case-control study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the subjects were used for mRNA extraction and cDNA construction, and to determine the expression level of 15-LOX-1 gene, a Real-Time PCR-based  Cyber Green method was used and data were analyzed using ΔΔCT method. Also, the amount of 15-lipoxygenase-1 product (15-S-HETE) in serum was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism software version 5 and independent t-test. Results: Measurement of 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression level in mononuclear blood cells extracted from the peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls revealed that the level of this gene was significantly increased in patients comparing to controls. Also, the activity of 15-lipoxygenase-1 which was measured via its metabolite level in serum of patients and controls demonstrated that the enzyme activity was increased in serum of patients comparing to controls (p <0.05). Also, the results have shown that in patients with higher level of Cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL, the level of 15-lipoxygensae-1 and its metabolite had higher level comparing to patients with normal lipid profile. Conclusion: The results of the current study have shown that the 15-lipoxygenase-1 enzymatic pathway might affect Multiple Sclerosis pathogenesis and due to the significant differences of the enzyme level in patients comparing to controls, it can be noticed as a possible pathway for controlling disease. Since elevated lipid profile level is the risk factor of Multiple Sclerosis pathogenesis, in this study the correlation was observed between the higher level of LDL, Cholesterol and Triglyceride and enzyme expression level and activity which emphasize on the important role of lipid metabolic pathway in Multiple Sclerosis.}, Keywords = {Inflammation, HPLC, gene expression, 15-lipoxygenase enzyme, multiple sclerosis}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {54-64}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4998-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4998-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {FazelAnvari-Yazdi, Abbas}, title = {Study the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Inefficiency of Administrative Health in Lamard Health Center Staff}, abstract ={Background: Organizational culture includes core values, assumptions, and changes in approaches that define the characteristics of an organization. The inadequacy of administrative health is also part of a set of issues that organizations experience in their lifetime. In this research, the effect of the organization's culture on Hofstede's perspective and its effect on the inadequate administrative health have been studied. Methods: This study was conducted in 2011. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research was the staff of Lamard's Health Care Center, which is considered to be unlimited by the research community and need for sampling. To determine the number of samples using the Cochran formula, the number 289 people were randomly distributed among the staff of the Lamard Health Care Center. Data were analyzed using Pearson, Sidenf and Colmaragh statistical methods. Results: There is a correlation between administrative ambiguity and inefficiency between administrative and organizational culture and the inefficiency of administrative health, but between betrayal versus patriarchy, there was no relationship with administrative health. Also, there was no significant relationship between power gap and inefficiency of administrative health. Conclusion: The inadequacy of the administrative health available at the Lamard Healthcare Center has been driven by a patriarchal group-based organizational culture (collectivism, ambiguity) and margin of power.  }, Keywords = {Organizational culture, Inefficiency of administrative health, Lamard, Health Center staff}, volume = {24}, Number = {162}, pages = {65-73}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5078-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5078-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bijeh, Nahid and Hejazi, Keyv}, title = {The effect of aerobic exercise on levels of HS-CRP, insulin resistance index and lipid profile in untrained middle-aged women}, abstract ={Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming the major cause of human morbidity and mortality in most countries of the world.These diseases are now among the top three causes of death and disability in human around the world. The aim of this study was to determin the effect of aerobic exercise on levels of HS-CRP, insulin resistance index and lipid profile in untrained middle-aged women. Methods: In this semi experimental study, nineteen healthy female middle-aged were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (11 people) and control (8 people) groups. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise training that lasted for 6 months (3 days/week), 60 minutes with intensity of 55-65 percent of heart rate reserve. Blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles, insulin resistance index and HS-CRP before and after of the 6 months aerobic exercise. For comparison of means within and between means groups Paired and Independent t-test was used respectively and the results were determined within the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: The levels of HDL-C, TG, FBS and insulin in subjects were not changed significantly. The levels of HS-CRP and insulin resistance also reduced but it was not significant (p>0.05). Accordingly, the levels of TC, LDL-Cand TC/HDL-C during this period increased significantly. Conclusion: To reduce the risk factors forcardiovascular diseases, in order to controland prevent heart diseases,isof great importance, therefore,any aerobic exercisecan reducetherisk factors and be helpful.  }, Keywords = {High Sensitivity C - reactive protein, Insulin resistance index, Lipid profiles, Untrained middle-aged women}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2468-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2468-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {hemati, reza and yadolahpour, nava and bakhshi, enayatolah and abdolahi, iraj}, title = {investigation and comparison of Information processing speed between three different subtypes of multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects}, abstract ={Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as one of the most common neurological diseases of the central nervous system, is associated with various cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study was the investigation and comparison of the information processing speed between various clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis and compared to healthy individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 healthy volunteers, 21 relapsing-remitting MS, 8 primary progressive MS, and 21 secondary progressive MS patients were matched by age, gender and level of education with each other and the information processing speed was investigated using designed Deary-Liewald software and were analyzed and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results of ANOVA revealed that data processing speed was different at least between two groups (p<0.05). Paired comparison of groups with Tukay HSD post hoc test revealed that there was no significant difference between healthy subjects with relapsing-remitting (p>0.05). Healthy subjects compared to primary progressive and secondary progressive have significant difference (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between other subtypes of multiple sclerosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: The progressive MS subtypes, specially the secondary progressive subtype, have slower movement information processing compared to healthy subjects and other MS subtypes, and in the comparison of MS subtypes there was no significant difference.  }, Keywords = {multiple sclerosis, information processing speed, reaction time}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {12-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3761-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3761-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Solgi, Manoochehr and Karami, Manoochehr and Poorolajal, Jalal and Hosseini, Seyed Hadi}, title = {Evaluating the Performance of the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average to detection of influenza outbreaks in Iran}, abstract ={Background: Timely response to influenza outbreaks using Influenza like illness (ILI) data is one of the most important priorities for public health authorities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) for timely detection of influenza outbreaks in Iran using simulated approaches from January 2010 to December 2015. Methods: Simulated influenza outbreaks were generated using ILI data as syndromic data of influenza according to potentially occurred outbreaks including uniform, linear and exponential distribution of corresponding epidemic curves. The performance of variety λ (smoothing parameter) values of EWMA was measured using sensitivity, specificity, false alarm rate, likelihood ratios and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results: The overall sensitivity of EWMA in detection of uniformly distributed influenza outbreaks was 70% (95%CI: 30, 80). The corresponding values for linear and exponential distribution of epidemic curves were 84% (95%CI: 75, 92) and 51% (95%CI: 40, 62). EWMA with λ=0.9 had the best performance for timely detection of influenza outbreaks in comparison to other smoothing parameters. Conclusion: Findings revealed that EWMA works well in detection of influenza outbreaks. However, national influenza surveillance systems need to use different outbreak detection methods for detecting aberrations in influenza-like illnesses activity.  }, Keywords = {Influenza, Exponentially Weighted Moving Average, Outbreak, Iran}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4785-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4785-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Jamal and Yekaninejad, Mir Saeid and DorostyMotlagh, Ahmadrez}, title = {The effect of military training and lifestyle on the Anthropometric status of Iranian youth}, abstract ={Background: Body Mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are the predictors of chronic diseases. Anthropometric measurements help to remain healthy. This study aimed at examining the effect of lifestyle on anthropometric changes over the course. Methods: In this study, 246 individuals were selected according to criteria. Cluster sampling was done in the military barracks. After obtaining consent, anthropometric indices, demographic and food recall were measured and followed to end course. Relationship between lifestyle and anthropometry was determined by linear regression. A p- value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean BMI before the start of training 23.9+3.8 and waist 88.7+0.6 cm and after the period decreased to 22.3+7.0 and 87.9+3.9 cm respectively. Dietary diversity and physical activity before entering to course had statistically significant effect on anthropometric changes during the military period. Conclusion: BMI and waist circumference decreased during the military training. Dietary diversity and high physical activity prevent anthropometric changes. Further studies of these relationships make it clearer.              }, Keywords = {Body mass index, waist circumference, army, dietary diversity}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {26-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4508-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4508-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {FathnezhadKazemi, Azita and Sharifi, Nasibeh and Aslani, Armin and Keshavarz, Zohreh}, title = {Chronic Hepatites B and Pregnancy: Challenges and opportunities (Review Article)}, abstract ={Background: Hepatitis B is one of the major health problems in the world, especially in developing countries. About 5 percents of women are carriers of this disease, mother to child transmission also known as” vertical transmission” is the most common mode of transmission. The aim of this study is to provide information for health workers and new knowledge by focusing on the different issues concerning chronic hepatitis B in pregnant women and those who are considering getting pregnant Methods: Data of this study were collected using various studies from following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed (Medline) and Scopus also World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites. A comprehensive search was conducted by the keywords of hepatitis B and pregnancy and hepatitis B. Searching strategies were done by advanced search capability. All examined articles were published during the last 5 years (2010-15) which were in English and had full text. After the initial search and the reference list, a total of 43 articles were included in this study. Results: This article deals with the different aspects of chronic hepatitis in pregnancy. To begin with, hepatitis has no effect on fertility, but in case of using IVF, lower fertility rates have been reported in infected infertile patients. Second: screening and preventive measures (such as monoprophylaxis and new methods of drug and immunoglobulin use) to prevent vertical transmission in pregnant women were considered. Third; antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women should be based on the therapeutic protocol. Finally; cesarean delivery is not advised in infected women unless it is performed before the beginning of labor. There might be the need for further investigation and infected women should be encouraged to breastfeed their babies. Conclusion: Pregnancy is a perfect opportunity to stop the transmission of hepatitis B, especially in developing countries. Within this context, we can develop strategies as an important step to reduce the burden of disease, still further investigations yet to be done.              }, Keywords = {hepatitis B, pregnancy, vertical transmission, anti-virus, prevention}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {36-47}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4259-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4259-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aminimoghaddam, Soheila and Batayee, Saeedeh Sadat and Maghsoudnia, Andisheh and Mohammadi, Marzieh}, title = {Update of Vaginitis for obstetricians : A Review}, abstract ={Background: Vaginitis is one of the most common reasons for patients seeking a physician’s care. Cervicitis is cervical inflammation due to infectious or noninfectious pathogens and can be acute or chronic. Some of these pathogens are transmitted to sexual partner or cause morbidity in gynecological surgery. Furthermore, bacterial vaginosis is a cause of morbidity in pregnancy. This study reviews screening and management of common vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomonas and desquamative inflammatory vaginitis). Methods: With search in academic books in obstetrics and gynecology and infectious disorder and search engines, new results about vaginitis is presented. Results: Vaginitis can be cured spontaneously in candidiasis but in some women bacterial vaginosis is a cause of morbidity in pregnancy and gynecological surgery. Conclusion: By understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases and having an effective approach to their diagnosis, physicians can institute appropriate therapy to treat these conditions and reduce long-term sequelae.  }, Keywords = {Vaginitis, Bacterial vaginosis, Candida, Trichomonas}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {48-57}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4592-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4592-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {NikAvar, Azar}, title = {hypertension and nephrotic syndrome, a rare case}, abstract ={Nephrotic syndrome is a rare manifestation of renal artery stenosis, presented mainly in adulthood. This is the report of a 4 months old boy admitted for hypertension and nephrotic syndrome. Left renal artery stenosis and renal hypoplasia were documented by laboratory and imaging studies. Proteinuria improved with medical treatment, with no need to surgical repair. Blood pressure remained normal during follow up, with no need to further medical treatment.  }, Keywords = { hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {58-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4755-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4755-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kianmehr, Nahi}, title = {Update in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}, abstract ={Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, life threatening systemic disorder that may affect multiple organs in the body. Dysfunction of the immune system, leading to over production of antibodies and immune complexes cause wide arrays of clinical feature. The classification criteria of SLE were updated in 2012. Treatment of SLE is individualized based on severity and extent of organ involvement. Nowadays, treat to target approach makes much more medications available and holds much more promise on the management of SLE.              }, Keywords = {Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Treat to target, Antibodies, Biologic medication}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {63-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4842-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4842-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {bagheri, Ayshin and KhazaeiKoohpar, Zeinab and Falahati, Mojtab}, title = {Effect of Iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field on neurogenesis and Nestin gene expression after ischemic reperfusion in rat}, abstract ={Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cause of adult disability and death worldwide that leads to damage in neuronal networks and neurovascular units and ceasation of brain functions. In this study the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field on neurogenesis after ischemic reperfusion (IR) in rat model was evaluated. Methods: In this experimental study 50 male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: including control, sham (ischemic reperfusion model), IR + iron oxide nanoparticles (10mg/kg), IR+magnetic field (1 Tesla, 20 min in 4 days), and IR + iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic field groups. Injections were performed intraperitoneally. Neurogenesis was evaluated in hippocampus of 5 groups after 4 days by H&E staining method. Nestin gene expression was quantitatively investigated in 5 groups by Real-time PCR. Results: In this study it was revealed that the iron oxide nanoparticles as well as the magnetic field increase the neurogenesis rate after ischemic reperfusion during 4 days (p<0.05). The expression of Nestin gene increased in iron oxide nanoparticles treated group and the magnetic field exposed group significantly (p<0.05) as compared to ischemic reperfusion model. However, their combined treatment did not show a significant difference compared with the sham group within 4 days. Conclusion: Our result suggests iron oxide nanoparticles as well as magnetic field separately can be two effective methods in ischemia therapy.              }, Keywords = { iron oxide nanoparticles, ischemic reperfusion, magnetic field, Nestin , Real-time PCR}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4881-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4881-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amerian, Milad and Nazarian, Shahram}, title = {Evaluation and comparison of antibody titers against single recombinant proteins, mixtures and chimer CTXB, TCPA and CTXB-TCPA}, abstract ={Background: Cholera as diarrheal illness is one of the most important causes of death and people's disability in different societies. Colonization factor pili (tcpA) and cholera toxin are the most important factors in the pathogenesis of Vibrio Cholera. B subunit of cholera toxin (ctxB) and tcpA have the ability to induce immune responses. The aims of this study was production of CTXB, TCPA, CTXB-TCPA recombinant protein and evaluation of antibody titers against separately, cocktail and chimeric protein in mice. Methods: In this research study, ctxB ،tcpA and ctxB-tcpA genes were cloned in pET28a and pET32a vectors. Recombinant plasmids was transformed to Escherichia coli (E.coli) BL21 DE3 and expression was induced with IPTG. The protein expression were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting analysis. The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni–NTA affinity chromatography. Mice immunization were done subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Antibody titer was determined by ELISA in immunized mice sera. Results: SDS PAGE and western blotting confirmed expression and purification of recombinant proteins. The yield of purified CTXB, TCPA, CTXB-TCPA proteins was 15/570, 11/533 and 33/100 mg/L, respectively. ELISA results showed satisfactory immunization of mice. There was no significant difference in antibody titers against CTXB-TCPA protein and CTXB, TCPA cocktail. Also, no significant difference was observed in titers between subcutaneously or intraperitoneal injection. Conclusion: The low differences in the antibody titer may be related to the longevity of memory cells and also their injection method. Due to the advantages of chimeric proteins, CTXB-TCPA protein could be a good alternative instead of protein cocktail to stimulate the immune system.}, Keywords = {Vibrio cholera , ctxB, tcpA, Chimeric recombinant, Antibody titer}, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {80-91}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4920-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4920-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nachvak, Mostafa and Hedayati, Safoura and Hejazi, Najmeh and MotamediMotlagh, Ali and Shafizade, Abdollah and Shojaee, Marzie}, title = {Nutritional assessment in ICU patients with enteral feeding in Amol hospitals}, abstract ={Background: Appropriate nutritional support has an important role in the treatment of critically ill patients. Malnutrition has a lot of negative effect on the condition of these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of patients with enteral nutrition in intensive care unit. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 85 patients were studied during their hospitalization in 4 ICUs of two hospitals in Amol, Iran. The prevalence of malnutrition was evaluated according to Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), APACHE IV score, anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters. Also the amount of nutritional needs was determined and compared with the patient's needs. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition according to (SGA) was (42.6%) on the admission day and (83.5%) on discharge day that increased significantly (p<0.001). The patient's anthropometric parameter related to nutritional status, decreased significantly on the discharge day as compared with the admission day. Blood creatinine levels (p=0.001) and lymphocyte count (p<0.001) decreased significantly during the hospitalization period. The mean of energy and protein intake were less than requirement, significantly. A negative significant correlation between anthropometric measurements and some biochemical indices with malnutrition on the discharge day was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was increased significantly in ICU patients during hospitalization. Handmade gavage solutions did not provide enough energy and protein requirements for the patients. The anthropometric measurements and some biochemical indexes were predictors of malnutrition in this study.  }, Keywords = {Nutritional care, Malnutrition, Subjective Glubal Assessment, Enteral nutrition }, volume = {24}, Number = {163}, pages = {92-104}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4882-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4882-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bayrami, Mansour and Movahedi, Yaz}, title = {The Compression of social problem solving and metacognition of students with symptoms of social phobia disorder and normal}, abstract ={Background: In the past two decades, there we see a significant increase in clinical research to determine the underlying mechanisms of social anxiety disorders. This study is aimed to compare the ability of solving socio -metacognition of students with social phobia disorder symptoms and normal samples. Methods: 284 male students were selected from University of Tabriz using cluster-random sampling. All of the subjects were asked to answer demographic questions and social problem solving and metacognition and social phobia questionnaires. Of these 70 subjects were enrolled in the study. Data were analysized using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Research findings showed different significance between students with symptoms of social phobia disorder and normal ones. Conclusion: Social problem solving and metacognitive beliefs are effective factors in general health. Also, it is possible to promote students’ mental health by changing metacognition beliefs which enhance maladaptive and negative thinking styles or general negative beliefs.  }, Keywords = {social problem solving and metacognition, social phobia}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3763-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3763-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shirazi, Elham and Ahmadkhaniha, Hamid Reza and Sayyahfar, Shirin and HoseiniShamsAbadi, Rozita and Afsharkhas, L}, title = {Delivery of Medical Care by Telehealth System}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {medical care, telehealth, telemedicine}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {9-12}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4846-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4846-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hadiyan, Maryam}, title = {Effectiveness of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Separation Anxiety Disorders in Children With Type 1 Diabetes}, abstract ={Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment therapy on separation anxiety disorder in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A semi-experimental method with pretest-posttest and follow up, including control group were used. Statistical population included all children with type 1 diabetes that had referred to diabetes treatment centers in Najaf Abad town in 2014-2015. The instrument used in this study was Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). All students filled the questionnaires and among them, 24 students whose scores were higher were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n1=n2=12). Students in the experimental group were offered eight sessions of acceptance & commitment therapy and control subjects received no therapy in this while then after six month follow up was executed. Data were analyzed by Analyze of covariance method (ANCOVA). Results: Findings showed that mean score of separation anxiety in children in post-test and follow-up in comparison with pretest had a significant decline. With controlling pretest scores, Acceptance & Commitment therapy caused a significant decrease in separation anxiety scores of children suffering with diabetes type 1, in post-test (F=92.78, p≤0.0001) and also caused significant decrease in anxiety of children, at the end of 6 month follow-up period (F=43.77, p≤0.0001). Conclusion: After all, results of the current study showed that acceptance & commitment therapy can be used for reducing separation anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {Separation anxiety disorder, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Type 1 Diabetes, Children}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {21-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3928-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3928-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Naji, Tahereh and Hematzadeh, Arsalan and Moulavi, Pooria and Noroozi, Sanaz and saberi, behrooz}, title = {Evaluation of gene expression CXCL8, CCL4, CCL3 chemokines in neutrophils exposed to Leishmania infantum in cell culture}, abstract ={Background: Studies have shown that neutrophils in effect by parasitic triggers can produce many different chemokines.These chemokines are called leukocytes,T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, lethal cells and neutrophils to the site of infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of neutrophils exposure with leishmania infantum. Methods: During this experimental-laboratorial study the blood was collected from 30 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated by HYSTOPAQUE 1077, dextran and centrifuge. Then cells were exposed to the promastigote forms of the Leishmania infantum parasite, which was prepared from the immunology department of the Pasteur Institute in stationary phase and was incubated for one hour in co2 incubator, not stimulated neutrophils were used as control. After extracting RNA, RNA was converted to cDNA by enzyme complex. cDNA was used for Real Time PCR. Selected gene been gene of CCL3,CCL4 and CXCL8 chemokines and β-Actin was used as references gene and then gene expression change was evaluated by ANOVA statistical methods. Results: The results indicated that CXCL8 gene expression were significantly increased in the face of leishmania compared to control neutrophils (p<0.001). On the other hand CCL3 and CCL4 genes expression weren’t significant change in the face of leishmania compared to the control neutrophils. Conclusion: The results show that exposure with leishmania parasite caused no change in expression of CCL3 and CCL4 mRNA genes among of simulation neutrophilsbut lead to increases high expression of CXCL8. On this basis measuring of CXCL8 can consider as a criterion for detecting leishmania infection level.  }, Keywords = {Leishmania , Neutrophils, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL8}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4491-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4491-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {moradi, sajjad and Khorrami, Leila and Maghbooli, Zhila and Mirzaei, Khadijeh}, title = {The relationship between gene variants TGF-β1 (rs :1800470) with anthropometric and bone mineral density characteristics in postmenopausal women referred to Shariati Hospital in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Currently, genetics is considered to be a major factor in the risk of osteoporosis and obesity.Therefore, we investigated possible association between TGFβ1 polymorphisms (rs: 1800470) with anthropometric and bone mineral density characteristics in postmenopausal women referred to Shariati Hospital in Tehran. Methods: In this study, 254 postmenopausal women aged 46 to 78 years were examined. Body composition measured by Body Composition Analyzer. Physical activity using the short form of physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was performed. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA method. DNA samples from participants were genotyped using RFLP-PCR method. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and ANOVA method. Results: Our results showed that prevalence of osteoporosis in lumber and hip Tehranian women were 17.7% and 2.4% respectively. For first time in Iran, we found that genotype frequencies for TGFβ1 polymorphism (rs1800470) were: TT: 28.3%, TC: 48%, CC: 23.6% respectively. TGFβ1 polymorphism (rs1800470) in Iranian postmenopausal women after adjustment for age, age of menopause weight, physical activity, calorie intake were not associated with demography, body composition and bone bharacteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that TGF-β1 variants (rs: 1800470) in postmenopausal Iranian women did not have direct association with bone mineral density and body composition.    }, Keywords = {Key Words TGFβ1, Osteoporosis, Body composition, Postmenopausal women}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4519-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4519-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {shahidi, fereshteh and moharamzadeh, sev}, title = {FATmax training, the best manner of training to improve composition of body fat}, abstract ={Background: Overweight and obesity, as physical disorders, can threaten health in different ways. Regular exercise (training) is defined as an improving factor for body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese people. However, the intensity of exercise, as one of the training principles, for attaining the highest fat burning effect, is still challenged. This paper reviewed the studies that have investigated the benefits of different intensities of exercise on fat burning. Methods: This paper provides an overview of the researches that have investigated the effects of exercise with intensity of FATmax, disregard the date of published material. Journals with impact factor ≥1 have been documented. Results: According to most of the studies, FATmax presents an intensity of exercise that the greatest fat metabolism rate occurred in which varies and is measurable in different individuals. According to the results of investigations, FATmax occurs between the range of 39 to 65%VO2max and can be affected by genetics, gender, body composition, physical activity level and diet. It can be helpful to determine FATmax intensity, before exercise prescribing in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. So, the trainer could be aware of metabolic situation of client for better control and reaching the training goal. Although this method of practice is effective, there are a lot of questions in this regard. Whether this type of training is preferred to other exercise protocols, such as high intensity interval training or not, is still unclear and needs more research. Conclusion: The literature review showed that determining the FATmax intensity can lead to the optimal training design to help effective fat burning. However, many of investigations in this regard are performed on healthy and mild overweight people. This review showed that there is not enough evidence to prefer the FATmax training to other exercise protocols. More studies are needed in different groups to compare this type of training with others, with certain determination of biologic pathways in FATmax training.  }, Keywords = {FATmax, fat metabolism, continuous training}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {52-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4637-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4637-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aghajani, Jafar and Mirtajani, Seyed Bashir and Ayoubi, Saman and Habibpour, Maryam}, title = {STUDYING THE ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF ISOLATED LACTOBACILLUS FROM SOIL WHERE NATIVE YOGURT IS PROCESSED AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA}, abstract ={Background: Lactic acid bacteria interfere to improve the taste of food products and and to prevent the growth of food spoilage organisms and pathogens with producing antimicrobial substances called bacteriocin. To study the antagonistic effect of isolated Lactobacillus from soil where native yogurt is processed against pathogenic bacteria is the purpose of this study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Lactobacillus isolated from the soil contaminated with native yogurt waste were identified with the help of biochemical methods. The antimicrobial quality of supernatant fluid was tested against five pathogenic bacteria using diffusion agar and disk diffusion agar methods. Each test was repeated three times to reduce error and inhibition zone diameter measured then their antimicrobial ability were compared. Results: According to the results, three species of Lactobacillus were identified. These bacteria included Lactobacillus casei, plantarum and delbrueckii. Also, these bacteria showed their good antimicrobial ability against pathogenic bacteria. The most antibacterial effect was abserved from Lactobacillus casei against Staphylococcus aureus in well diffusion agar method with inhibition zone diameter of 18.66 mm. Conclusion: A great variety of bacteria producing bacteriocin with antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria exist in traditional dairy products, and it is recommended to use them in the production of industrial dairy products.  }, Keywords = {Lactobacillus, Antimicrobial activity, Pathogenic bacteria}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {63-73}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4815-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4815-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mirazi, Naser and Khazaei, Maryam}, title = {The protective effect of Nigella Sativa L. seed\'s hydro-alcoholic extract on liver toxicity induced by gentamicin in male rats}, abstract ={Background: Gentamicin is an aminoglycosides antibiotic which is used to treat several types of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa L. extract (NSE) on liver toxicity and serum level of liver enzymes in rats induced by gentamicin. Methods: In the present experimental study, 42 Wistar male rats were divided randomly into 6 groups includes: control (normal saline 2ml/kg, i.p), gentamicin (gentamicin 80mg/kg/day, i.p), positive control (400mg/kg NSE, i.p) and treated groups 1, 2, 3 (gentamicin 80mg/kg/day+ NSE 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively, i.p). Nigella sativa extract was injected for 7 days after ten days period of gentamicin injection. After the examination the blood samples were collected from heart directly and the serum of ALT, AST and ALP liver enzymes were measured. Microscopic studies of hepatic tissue were done. All data analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Gentamicin caused necrosis and inflammation in the liver tissue and significantly increased serum level of liver enzymes (p<0.001).Treatment with NSE significantly decreased serum level of liver enzymes in treated groups compared with the group receiving gentamicin (p<0.001).The greatest impact was created in high dose of NSE. Conclusion: Gentamicin can cause necrosis and inflammation effect in liver tissue. The Nigella sativa seed extract have antioxidant and flavonoid compounds that can decrease toxic effect of gentamicin in liver tissue.  }, Keywords = {Nigella sativa, liver toxicity, Liver enzymes, Gentamicin, Rat}, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {74-84}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4830-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4830-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {shirvani, Rezvan and Madanipur, elahe}, title = {Study of bla CTX-M gene in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption red meats.}, abstract ={Background: Enterococci are part of normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, which have a high potential for acquiring antibiotic resistance genes. The widespread use of antibiotics in the agricultural and food industriel leads to release of resistance genes in pathogens and normal flora bacteria, transfer to human and also the cause of the disease, which is a serious menace to human health. So, the purpose of this study was evaluation prevalence of bla CTX-M gene in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption red meats.  Methods: In this cross-sectional study 190 Enterococcus isolates were collected   from consumption red meats Boroujerd Slaughterhouse. 90 E.faecalis strains were identified by routine microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI was performed. Finally, to assess the frequency of bla CTX-M gene in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption red meats were performed by using PCR and specific primer.                                                                                                                                       Results: In this study, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin and penicillin (94.44% and 56.66% respectively), strains had a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, meropenem and ciprofloxacin.Out of 90 samples 9(10%) were resistant to gentamicin, the gene was not found in any of the 9 strains.                                                                                       Conclusion: Given that the genes producing Betalactamase enzymes are easily transferred via plasmids, lack of tracking the mentioned genes among the studied bacteria suggests, this gene is not transferred along with genes inducing resistance to gentamicin. Thus significant relationship between these gene and investigated antibiotic was not observed}, Keywords = {Enterococcus faecalis, Gentamicins, beta-Lactamases, Polymerase Chain Reaction. }, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {85-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4976-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4976-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zarringol, Mi}, title = {A review on regulation of autophagy by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)}, abstract ={    ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) are small, short-lived and highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins, lipids and DNA. ROS are formed by incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. ROS include oxygen anions, free radicals, including superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).  Autophagy is a catabolic pathway for degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles via the lysosome. Autophagy is activated under stress conditions such as starvation, ischemia/reperfusion and pathogen infection, and is deregulated in various pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is generally accepted that ROS induce autophagy, and that autophagy, in turn, serves to reduce oxidative damage. Cells have developed various non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidizing agents to detoxify ROS and prevent oxidative stress. These include glutathione, thioredoxin, superopxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidases. ROS produced by damaged mitochondria might induce mitophagy, which in turn eliminates the damaged organelles. Two pathologies highly associated with the accumulation of ROS are cancer and ischemia/reperfusion. The role of mitochondria as ROS generators, essential for the activation of autophagy. Autophagy is a survival mechanism in response to ROS. Removal of damaged mitochondria and oxidized proteins, in most cases, supports survival.        }, Keywords = {Autophagy, Reactive oxygen species, Antioxidants, Mitophagy }, volume = {24}, Number = {164}, pages = {93-105}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5038-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5038-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {ghadimi, mahmoodreza and moshiritabrizi, Hossein and imani, azadeh}, title = {Study of the status of manpower, physical space, equipment and activities of the emergency department at the civilian hospitals of the Social Security Organization}, abstract ={Background: The hospital consists of many components for serving patients, and the relationships between these components should be integrated, because the defect in each component can lead to problems in the delivery of the patient. Emergency departments of hospitals, in situations where human life is at risk, should seek urgent medical assistance in order to eliminate those factors and save the lives of those in need. Factors such as manpower, physical space and essential medical equipment and appropriate facilities can represent the readiness and efficiency of the emergency department and the criteria for comparing hospitals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of human resources, physical space, medical equipment and workflow of the emergency department in the social hospitals of the Social Security Organization in 2016. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. In the descriptive part, the demographic characteristics of the emergency department managers and in the analytical section have examined the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. This research was conducted on emergency technicians, head nurses, metronists (Supervisors) and physicians working in the emergency department. The statistical population includes the emergency department of 70 civilian hospitals of Social Security Organization. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: In this study, the hospitals with an average score of 83.33 were in a favorable situation. Indices of medical equipment, workflow process and quality indices were obtained by obtaining average scores of 85.7, 85.5 and 90.5%, respectively, and the manpower and physical space indices respectively with the average score of 75 And 77.8% were relatively favorable. Conclusion: Most of the studied hospitals are in desirable condition in terms of indicators.The findings indicate the need for an increase in manpower and emergency facilities.There is also a significant and direct relation between the human resources of the emergency department and the quality indices (p<0.05), which means that with the improvement of the human resources index in emergency departments, the performance of these sectors also improves.  }, Keywords = {Social Security Organization, Emergency Department, Human Resources, Medical Equipment.}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5081-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5081-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mobaderi, Tofigh and Roudbari, Masou}, title = {Assessment of Students’ life skills in Iran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: Many people have problems facing life difficulties and also are not able to sort out their life problems. These causes vulnerability and being exposed to psychological and behavioral disorders. These research aims at the life skills in students of Iran University of medical sciences (IUMS). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was held at IUMS in 2016-7. The target population was all IUMS students with the sample of 342. The sample was chose with stratified random sampling. The research questionnaire had 7 demographic and 142 multi choice questions which divided into 19 sub-scales. The multi choice questions were weighted 0 to 4 to analyze. For data analyses, the descriptive and analytic method such as independent t-test, ANOVA or their nonparametric versions, Chi-square test and correlations in SPSS version 22 were used. The significance level of tests were chosen to be 0.05. Results: the mean of all sub-scale were more than 2 (the mean) and the total mean and SD were 2.5 and 0.15 respectively. The mean of women life skills in most sub-scales were more than men, but with no significant differences. The sub-scale means of (individual relations) (p=0.045) and (the skills related to use security points) (p=0.035) were significant between academic levels. Also, the sub-scale means of (skills related to human relations) (p=0.031) and (skill of solving problems) (p=0.040) were significant between university schools. Furthermore, there was no significant differences between accommodation and the marital status of the students, and the means of the life skills’ sub-scales, but the students who live in university accommodation had lower life skills mean than others. The age of the students had no strong and significant relationship with the students’ life skill. Conclusion: The students are weak in some life skills and need suitable education. The male and single students need more life skills’ education than others.  }, Keywords = {Life skills, students, Iran University of Medical Sciences.}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {9-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4928-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4928-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AhmadzadehHeshmati, Afshin and KarimiMobarakeh, Mahmood and saied, Alirez}, title = {Assessment of interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Youg and Bergess classification for fractures of the pelvic ring}, abstract ={Background: Determination of interobserver and intraobserver reliability are one of the most important issue in educations with are necessary for validation of classifications. Methods: Radiographies and CT scans of 160 patients were assessed by three orthopedics to determination of the anatomic location of fractures and to determine classification of fractures according to Young and Burgess classification and then the agreement between observers and among each observer was assessed. Results: Pubic rami were the most common anatomic fractures and LC I was the most common fracture type. CT scan was increased significantly the accuracy of diagnosis of fractures of the sacrum and ilium. Interobserver reliability to determination of the fracture type was 0.35 (0.28–0.52) using radiography alone, and was 0.49 (0.44–0.76) using both radiographies and CT scan. The least agreement was observed in types LC II and APC II. Intraobserver reliability in this field were 0.40 (0.31–0.58), 0.41 (0.32–0.51) and 0.44 (0.36–0.55) for three observers using radiographies alone and 0.54 (0.39–0.77), 0.53 (0.42-0.72) and 0.55 (0.46–0.73) respectively using radiographies and CT scans. Conclusion: there were acceptable interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities in Young and Burgess classification and our results approximately were the same as other studies.    }, Keywords = {Reliability, Classification, Fracture, Pelvic}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {22-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4822-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4822-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MeratianIsfahani, Negar and Esmaeil, nafiseh and Rezaei, Abbas and Mehrabian, Ferdous and Homayouni, Vida and GanjalikhaniHakemi, Mazdak}, title = {Simple and Least expensive method for monocyte isolation}, abstract ={Abstract                                                                                                                                   Background: Monocytes are a key component of the immune system, which play an important role in inflammatory and innate immune responses. So the isolation of these cells is important in immunology researches and accordingly many methods have been developed for the monocyte isolation. One of the least expensive and simple separation methods is using the ability of these cells to adhere to solid surfaces that were examined in this study. Methods: In this way, after the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes were isolated from cell suspension by using the adhesion ability of these cells to the plastic surface.Isolated monocytes were stained by using specific antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes (PE, FITC) binding to specific markers on the surface of monocytes CD11b and CD14 and the purity of cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Results: Flow cytometry results after separation of monocytes shown that 90.2% of cells were expressed two markers CD11b and CD14. Conclusion: Although there are several monocyte isolation methods, each of them have advantages and disadvantages. One of the least expensive and Simple method of isolation is using adhesion ability of these cells that provides possibility of monocyte isolation with high purity.}, Keywords = {Keywords:Monocyte, Isolation, Adhesion ability}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {30-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4736-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4736-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mokhtari, Behnaz and Karimzadeh, Farib}, title = {A review on the Authism with the most approach on the critical biomarkers}, abstract ={In recent years, more attention has been given to some childhood neurological disorders like include autism. Autism is a disorder that causes difficulties to language skills, the performance of social skills, and represents repetitive, stereotypic movements and non-functional behaviour patterns. During the 1970s, the prevalence of autism in the United States ranged from 1 to 3 in 10,000. In the early 21st century the prevalence of autism has reached 1 in 150. As the high prevalence and increasing tendency of the prevalent, there is an urgent need to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms that could explain the social behavioral impairments in autism in a unify way. Identifying of biomarkers that have important role in the diagnosis of autism can provide fast and accurate diagnosis and more effective treatments for autistic patients. As autism contains a wide spectrum disorders and the main involved mechanisms are not clear, this study was aimed to review pathophysiological mechanisms, treatments, diagnostic assessments and biomarkers of autism. Because treatment of peoples who suffer also from autism is a contemporary challenge, it is hoped that by identifying of biomarkers for autism, new and effective therapeutic targets will be achieved.  }, Keywords = {Autism, Biomarkers, Brain }, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {35-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4857-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4857-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kouhsari, Ebrahim and Zahedibialvaei, Abed and FakhreYaseri, Hashem and SamadiKafil, Hossein and Mohamadzade, Rokhsare and Rahbar, Mohamm}, title = {A review on common laboratory methods for detection of carbapenemase Gram-negative bacilli}, abstract ={The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased dramatically over the past decade. Identification of these bacteria because of its variation in minimum inhibitory concentration for carbapenem resistance is important. Therefore, identification of the bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory is a major matter for the selection and implementation of infection control measures and appropriate treatment plan. The screening of carbapenemase-producing bacteria could be done with different phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods; however, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study is to investigate and introduction of common available methods to detect carbapenemase.  }, Keywords = {Carbapenemase, Enterobacteriaceae, Antibiotic resistance, Identification, Infection control}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {47-65}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4856-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4856-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khodadadi, Davar and Gharakhanlou, Reza and Naghdi, Naser and Salimi, Mona and Azimi, Seyyed Mohammad and Shahed, Atabak}, title = {The effect of 4 weeks of exercise preconditioning on soluble amyloid beta level and memory impairment in rats with Alzheimer\'s disease induced by Aβ1-42 injection}, abstract ={Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and amyloid peptides playing a central role in its pathogenesis. Recently, regular exercise has been considered as one of the most important non-pharmacological mechanisms to contrast with AD. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of exercise preconditioning on the level of soluble amyloid and memory impairment in rats with AD induced by Aβ1-42 injection. Methods: Eighty four male rats with mean±SD weight of 195±20 g were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training or resting for 4 weeks. Then, each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups of AD, sham and non-injected. Forty eight hours after the last training session, injection of Aβ1-42 or DMSO into the hippocampus was performed. Seven days after surgery, rats of each groups were either sacrificed (7 rats) or subjected to behavioral testing (7 rats), randomly. Following the collection of blood samples in the victim's rats, the hippocampal tissue was extracted and the levels of Aβ1-42 in plasma and hippocampus, as well as the plasma level of the soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (sLRP-1) evaluated. Results: The results showed that in the exercise + AD group, hippocampal level of Aβ1-42 were lower, and plasma level of Aβ1-42 were higher than the AD group (p<0.001). Plasma sLRP-1 level in the exercise + AD group was also greater than the AD group (p<0.001). Moreover, spatial learning and memory were significantly better in the exercise + AD than AD group (p<0.01). Conclusion: It seems that 4 weeks of exercise preconditioning could reduce the loss of spatial learning and memory through increasing soluble amyloid beta clearance from the brain.  }, Keywords = {Alzheimer's disease, Exercise preconditioning, Soluble amyloid beta, sLRP-1}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {66-76}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5023-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5023-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {kabir, bijan and Taghian, Farzaneh and GhatrehSamani, Keih}, title = {Dose 12 week resistance training Influence IL-18 and CRP levels in Elderly men?}, abstract ={Background: Systematic inflammation in elderly is followed by inflammatory factors such as Interleukin 18 and C-reactive protein the risk of cardio-vascular diseases. The purpose of present research was to study the effect of 12 weeks of resistive exercise on the level of Interleukin 18 and reactionary protein C in elderly men. Methods: In this semi-empirical research, 20 person among 40 non-athlete men of 65 to 80 years old were selected and divided into two groups as control (10 ones) and resistive exercise (10 ones) accidently. Resistance training program included 8 movements with 10-12 repeats and the intensity of 50, 60 and 70 percent of a maximum repeated in three Non-consecutive sessions in each week during total 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in two steps of pre-testing and 24 hours after the last session of 12 weeks in order to measure the plasma level of Interleukin 18 and C reactive protein. Through SPSS v. 20, the data were analyzed using t-test and t- independent at the significant level of p<0.05. Results: The amount of serum IL-18 (p=0.034) and C-reactive protein (p=0.012) levels With SD±M 211.811±29.006 and 5.390±0.212 in training group (resistance) had significant decrease IL-18 and CRP with SD±M 261.101±12.137 and 6.508±0.018 in comparison to control group. Conclusion: We can say cautionary that resistance training of serum levels decreases the Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein of elderly men, so it is useful for them to do these training.}, Keywords = {Resistance training, Interleukin-18, C-reactive protein, Elderly men}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3201-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3201-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hosseinzadeh, Zahra and Bakhshi, Enayatollah and JashniMotlagh, Alireza and Biglarian, Akbar}, title = {Application of quantile regression to identify of risk factors in infant’s growth parameters}, abstract ={Background: Evolutional failure can happen in various dimensions of infant’s growth consisting in word, act and behaviour and lead to appear difficults as delay in speaking, brain paralysis, mental lag etc. The purpose of this study is determination and identification of risk factors in infant’s growth parameters using quantile regression analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, growth information of 224 infants including height, weight and head circumference, in Karaj health centers (in 2015-2016), were collected and analyzed. The data analysis was carried out using R 3.2.2 software. Results: According to the results, maternal age had a significant effect on boy’s weight, family members had a significant effect on boy’s height and mother’s education had a significant effect on boy’s head circumference. In addition, mother’s BMI and maternal age had a significant effect on girl’s weight, mother’s education had a significant effect on girl’s height and maternal age and family members had a significant effect on girl’s head circumference in various quantiles. Conclusion: Quantile regression, due to fit of various regression lines, was identified significant variables. The findings showed that maternal age and mother’s education were important factors affecting the infant’s growth parameters. Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities of the child and maternal health care be policed to improve it.}, Keywords = {Quantile regression, Growth parameters, Infant, Risk factors}, volume = {24}, Number = {165}, pages = {85-95}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5024-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5024-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2018} }