@article{ author = {Otukesh, H and JavadiLarijani, F and Fereshtehnejad, S.M and Hosseini, R and SalmanYazdi, R}, title = {Evaluation of Urinary and Serum Concentration of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Children with Urinary Tract Infection: Differentiation between Pyelonephritis and Acute Cystitis}, abstract ={    Background & Aim: Pyelonephritis is one of the most serious and common infectious diseases in children. Its renal infection and scarring is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in some parts of the world including Iran. Serum and urinary levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be high in acute pyelonephritis by some of the previous studies. This study was conducted to examine whether serum and urinary IL-6 is high and can be used as a screening test for acute pyelonephritis.Patients and Method: This prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 children with fever, clinical signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection and positive urinary culture who were referred to Ali Asghar Children's Hospital in 2008. Regarding the results of DMSA scan in these children, urinary and serum concentrations of IL-6 were compared in two groups of cystitis (n=20) and pyelonephritis (n=20). For data analysis, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon rank, correlation and Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) analysis were used. Results: The mean of baseline urinary concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in children with pyelonephritis [11.53 (SD=9.51) pg/dl] than the ones with cystitis [4.00 (SD=2.18) pg/dl] (P=0.002). Also, the mean of serum concentration of IL-6 in acute phase of the disease was significantly higher in children with pyelonephritis [15.59 (SD=8.40) pg/dl] than the ones with cystitis [3.21 (SD=4.58) pg/dl] (P<0.001). The optimal cut-point of 6.60 pg/dl for urinary concentration of IL-6 has the sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 95% to differentiate acute pyelonephritis patients from acute cystitis respectively. In addition, serum concentration of 9.25 pg/dl has the sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 95% to differentiate  these two groups of children. Conclusion: It seems that urinary and serum concentrations of IL-6 possess a high diagnostic value to differentiate  pyelonephritis from cystitis and could be used as an important index to diagnose upper urinary tract infection from the lower one in the acute phase of the disease among children. }, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Interleukin-6 2) Acute Pyelonephritis 3) Acute Cystitis}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1442-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1442-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Salehi, M and Jafari, M and Asgari, A and SalehMoghaddam, M and Salimian, M and Abbasnejad, M and HajGholamali, M}, title = {Study of Diazinon Effect on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Rat\'s Brain}, abstract ={    Background & Aim: Organophosphates (OPs) are capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant system. Diazinon is one of the most widely used OPs in agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in rat's brain tissue.Material and Method: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control group(corn oil as diazinon solvent) and three case groups  receiving diazinon at different doses (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. 24 hours after injection, the  animals were anesthetized and their brain tissues were removed. After brain tissue hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods.�The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey test.Results: Diazinon increased SOD, LDH and GST activities at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg  compared with the control group but decreased GSH level. There were no significant changes observed in brain CAT activity. Also, MDA concentration was significantly increased at 100 mg/kg dose in comparison with the control group.Conclusion: The results suggest that diazinon probably causes free radical production. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and depleted GSH content are indicative of oxidative tissue injury and the increased MDA level is indicative of the damage that occurs in the membranes of brain tissues as a result of free radical generation. }, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Diazinon 2) Antioxidant System 3) Rat 4) Brain Tissue}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Torkaman, A and Khosravi, A and Nazparvard, B and Akbarian, E and Zangi, M}, title = {Normal Variations of the Glenohumeral Ligament Complex in Iranian Population}, abstract ={    Background & Aim: Although glenohumeral ligament complex was described decades ago, its anatomic variants, which are necessary to be known to differentiate normal anatomy from pathology, have not been assessed in Iranian population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and morphologic characteristics of normal variations in the glenohumeral ligament complex (GHLC) in Iranian population.Patients and Method: We investigated 105 cadavers’ shoulders and recorded arthroscopic visualization of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL), medial glenohumeral ligament (MGHL), and anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AIGHL).In addition, we noted the location of their origin with respect to the anterior glenoid in terms of a clock face. The degree of MGHL and AIGHL development and the presence of  cord-like MGHL,  Buford complex, and  sublabral foramen were also investigated. It was an observational, cross-sectional study and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.Results: Of 105 studied cases, 93 (87.6%) manifested an SGHL, 100 (95.2%) an MGHL, and 105( all cases) an AIGHL. Having studied the origin of the ligaments in terms of a clock face, 77% of the MGHL origin was at  1 o'clock position and 23% at  2 o'clock position. The AIGHL originated in an area located between  2 and 4 o'clock position: in 67 cases(63.8%), the origin was at  2 o'clock position,  33 cases (31.4%) at  3 o'clock position, and  5 cases(4.8%) at  4 o'clock position.�Medial glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) and inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) were poorly developed in 15% and 17.1% of the cases respectively, without the presence of cord-like MGHL, Buford complex, and sublabral foramen. Conclusion: This study provides useful information concerning normal variations of the glenohumeral ligaments, and further studies in a larger population are suggested to evaluate  cord-like MGHL, Buford complex, and sublabral foramen. }, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Glenohumeral Ligament Complex 2) Anatomic Variants 3) Poorly Developed Ligament 4) Well Developed Ligament}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {24-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kiyanmehr, N and Fathi, M and Samadzadeh, M and Erfanian, G}, title = {White Blood Cell Count: An Effective Tool for Predicting the Short-term Prognosis of Patients with Unstable Angina-- A Prospective Study}, abstract ={   Background & Aim:By early detection of high-risk patients presenting in emergency departments with primary unstable angina and performing the required diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, we can decrease the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the role of White Blood Cell count as a tool in determining the short-term prognosis of patients with primary unstable angina.   Patients and Method: In this descriptive-analytic, prospective study, White Blood Cell count was performed on every patient diagnosed with primary unstable angina and admitted to the emergency department of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital in a 3-month period.Then its relation with age, sex, underlying diseases, duration of chest pain (more or less than 30 minutes), pain response to sublingual TriNitroGlycerni(TNG), and short-term prognosis ( from admission time until 2 months after discharge) was evaluated using t-test and SPSS v.11 software.   Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between WBC count and age(P value=0.47), sex (P value=0.57), hypertension (P value=0.76), and duration of pain (P value=0.62). However,there was a statistically significant relationship between WBC count and response to sublingual TNG (P value=0.025), remaining asymptomatic (P value=0.035), admission into CCU(P value=0.035), and death from cardiovascular accidents (P value=0.035).   Conclusion: WBC count is a simple, inexpensive, easily available and effective tool in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients presenting in emergency departments with unstable angina.}, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Primary Unstable Angina 2) White Blood Cell (WBC) Count 3) Short-term Prognosis}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {30-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1445-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1445-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Kamali, K and Fereshtehnejad, S.M and Rahmanian, M and Gohardehi, G and ShafieiSabet, A and Kamali, N}, title = {Evaluation of the Association between Serum Level of Alkaline Phosphatase, White Blood Cells and Tumor Grade in Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Ureter}, abstract ={    Background & Aim: Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a rare disease accounting for about 5% of all urothelial tumors. In comparison with other pelvic and renal malignancies, TCC has a poor prognosis with more recurrences and metastasis. Therefore, it is of great value to find prognostic factors in order to improve patient's prognosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between serum level of alkaline phosphatase and white blood cells and tumor grade in TCC of the ureter and to determine the diagnostic values of these factors.    Patients and Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 33 patients with TCC of ureter who were referred to Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran from 1997 to 2007. Diagnosis of TCC was confirmed pathologically for all the patients. Rather than demographic data, main variables including tumour grade, number of white blood cells (WBC) and serum level of alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) were recorded. Grades I and II were considered as low grade tumors, while grades III and IV were considered high. All data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v.15 software,  Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U- test, correlation and receiver operative curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Out of 33 patients, 28 (84.8%) were male and 5 (15.2%) were female with the mean age of 61.70 years (SD=10.10). The highest number of WBC was significantly seen in grade IV patients with the mean of 11306 (SD=3591.4) /mm3 (P=0.002).The results of ROC analysis showed that the number of WBC (AUC=0.825, P=0.001) had a greater area under curve (AUC) compared with serum level of Alk-P (AUC=0.770, P=0.008). The cut-point value of 7800 /mm3 for WBC had the sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 76.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 76.5% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 81.2%. Moreover, the cut-point value of 178 IU/L for Alk-P had the sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 52.9%, PPV of 65.2% and NPV of 90% to detect high versus low grade patients.Conclusion: The study reveals that the number of WBC and serum level of Alk-P considerably increased as the tumor grade increased. Furthermore, the number of WBC has more value than serum level of Alk-P to be associated with high grade tumors. Our results may lead to detect the patients with higher tumor grades who are in need of more effective approaches.}, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) 2) White Blood Cells 3) Alkaline Phosphatase }, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1446-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Moghtadaee, M and Khosravi, A and Asadi, A and Zangi, M}, title = {Evaluation of Intramedullary Nailing Outcome in Humeral Fractures}, abstract ={    Background & Aim: Most acute humeral shaft fractures can be successfully treated by conservative methods. Operation is recommended for certain fractures. Intramedullary nailing offers a dependable solution for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures, especially in polytrauma patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate intramedullary nailing outcomes and complications in humeral fractures. Patients and Method:  This descriptive study involved all skeletally mature patients with acute humeral shaft fractures requiring surgical stabilization who were admitted to  university-affiliated  hospitals  from 2003 to 2007. 27 humeral shaft fractures (17 men and 10 women) were treated with intramedullary nailing. Clinical outcome measurements included fracture healing, radial nerve recovery, infection, and elbow and shoulder discomfort. Radiographic measurements included fracture alignment, delayed :::union:::, and non:::union:::. After gathering all data , they  were analyzed by descriptive tests in SPSS. Results: Patients with the mean age of 37.5 years (17 men and 10 women) were enrolled in this study. Fracture :::union::: was achieved in 96.3% of our cases, while function was excellent or good in 88.9% of the cases. There were no complications such as infection, malalignment, loss of fixation, and device failure.Conclusion: Humeral locked nailing offers a less invasive surgical technique and more favorable treatment especially in multiple traumas.  }, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Humeral Shaft Fractures 2) Intramedullary Nailing 3) Bone :union:}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {52-59}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Khalesi, N and Ghavam, M and SeifiMoghaddam, N and Fereshtehnejad, S.M}, title = {Illiopsoas Abscess in Neonates: A Case Report with Literature Review}, abstract ={    Introduction: Illiopsoas abscess (IPA) in children, and especially in neonates, is an uncommon condition which is difficult to diagnose clinically. The major presenting symptoms of IPA are leg or groin swelling, limitation of leg motion, and pain. The role of ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis has been demonstrated, and the need for antibiotic therapy is emphasized. In our study, a rare neonatal case of IPA is reported and its findings and outcome are compared with the other reports.Case Report: A 30-day-old baby boy was referred due to leg or groin swelling, limitation of leg motion and agitation while passive movements of the left leg. Ultrasonographic (US) evaluations showed a retroperitoneal collection extending to the left illiopsoas region under the left kidney, which was also confirmed by CT-scanning. He was successfully treated with US-guided percutaneous drainage as a supplement to antibiotic therapy.Conclusion: The analysis of these cases and of those previously reported indicates that although the incidence of IPA in neonates is rare, the triad of leg or groin swelling, limitation of leg motion, and pain could facilitate diagnosis. Also, imaging is essential for diagnosis and drainage in association with antibiotic therapy may represent the first-choice treatment of this disease.}, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Illiopsoas Abscess 2) Neonate 3) Diagnosis 4) Treatment}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {60-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Khalilzadeh, S and Poorabdollah, M and Hasanzad, M and Khodayari, A.A and Javaherzadeh, M and Parsanejad, N}, title = {A Case Report of Mediastinal Lymphangioma}, abstract ={  Introduction: Cystic hygromas (lymphangioma) are benign and common developmental anomalies of vasculolymphatic origin.They can arise anywhere along the lymphatic system. However, they are usually located in the neck region and in most cases (80-90%) appear by the age of 2. Most mediastinal cystic hygromas are extensions of cervical lesions, and cystic hygroma confined solely to the mediastinum is rarely encountered. Enlargement of cystic lesions is common and may compress the adjacent organs, causing respiratory distress, feeding difficulties,or vascular compromise.   Case Report: Herein we report a case of a male child with a cystic mass in the left side of the neck with an extension to mediastinum.This article highlights the clinical and paraclinical findings and management of these cases.   Conclusion: It is highly recommended that in cases of cervical cystic hygromas evaluation of mediastinum be done to investigate the extension of the cyst. In addition, surgical resection of tumor via cervical incision could be considered.}, Keywords = {Key Words: 1) Cystic Hygroma 2) Children 3) Lymphatic System}, volume = {17}, Number = {70}, pages = {67-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2010} }