@article{ author = {Ourojzadeh, Fatemeh and Azarnia, Mahnaz and Miraolghasemi, Seyedeh Ghadireh and Hadi, Mahdi}, title = {comparing the effect of bovine serum albumin and Zn supplementation (Zn) in culture medium (MHRM) on the number of fetuses produced by IVF in mice}, abstract ={  Backgruond and Aims: Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular intercourse. Currently, approximately 80 million couples in the world, as well as more than 1/5 million couples in Iran are infertile. For the past several decades, assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have been used to compensate for infertility in humans and valuable animals. The world advances in IVF over the past decades have been rapid and impressive, and culture media have played an important role in this success. Evidence suggests that culture medium conditions are important in IVF results and affect pre- and post-implantation development, and possibly offspring health . Due to the need of modern societies for IVF and the increasing progress of science and knowledge, attention to how this technique is implemented is becoming more and more important. What is certain is that achieving healthy fetuses and pregnancies in the very first IVF is important to save time and especially the cost of infertile couples. For this purpose, in the present study, autologous serum and zinc supplement (Zn) were used in culture medium to determine its effect on the number of embryos obtained from IVF and survival rate. Methods: In this study, male and female NMRI mice of the same age (7 weeks) were selected. The animals were kept under standard conditions and free access to water and food. Female mice were first stimulated to ovulate with PMSG and 48 hours later with HCG. Adult oocytes were collected from Oviduct 20 hours after HCG injection. In each experimental group, 100 oocytes were exposed to sperm for fertilization. Petri dishes containing IVF drops were prepared one day before ovulation and IVF. These drops were included EmbryoCul-MHRM culture medium and 15 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA). After adding BSA to the culture medium, the resulting solution was filtered by 0.2 filters under a laminar hood and the drops were coated with mineral oil to remove possible contaminants. Petri dishes containing 100 μl droplets were incubated for 12-16 hours. Culture groups of IVF were designed in 4 groups, respectively: control group (BSA), control group + zinc supplement, control group + autologous serum (AS), and group without serum and supplement; it was performed with 3 replications in each group. After 24 and 48 hours of incubation of the medium containing oocyte and sperm, 2 and 4 cell embryos were counted, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA1 method. The difference between the results in different groups was considered significant at the level of P≤0.05. Also, the number of resulting embryos and the number of degenerated eggs in each group were determined. Results: Considering that a significant difference was observed between the control group (BSA) and the group containing autologous serum, it seems that the use of bovine serum albumin is a better option for the increase in embryonic development rate. But a combination of both types of serum is not recommended. Also, adding zinc supplementation can help get more fetuses. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems necessary to use of BSA in cultures, but its combination with AS is not recommended. It is also advisable to use zinc supplements to increase the number of embryos in the culture medium.  }, Keywords = {Autologous serum, Bovine serum albumin, zinc supplement, IVF}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5946-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5946-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {aghaie, sarhad and behpor, naser and HosseeinpoorDelavar, Sedigheh and safikhani, hasan and jalilvand, moham}, title = {Effect of six weeks of increasing and complementary L-carnitine aerobic exercise on apline receptor for cardiac tissue and blood glucose in diabetic mice}, abstract ={Introduction: Consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the form of dietary supplements can have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress by hunting free radicals. The aim of Introduction: Consumption of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the form of dietary supplements can have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress by hunting free radicals. The aim of this study was to explain the effect of 6 weeks of increasing and complementary L-carnitine aerobic exercise on the apline of the cardiac tissue and the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 males of Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetes-L-carnitine, diabetes + aerobic exercise and diabetes + exercise + L-carnitine. After diabetic rats, they were given 100 mg of L-carnitine orally daily. The aerobic exercise program started 5 days a week, for six weeks, with a slope of zero degrees, a speed of 10 meters and a time of 10 minutes in the first week, and in the last week the slope reached 5 degrees, a speed of 20 meters and a time of 40 minutes. Results: The results showed a significant increase in apline in diabetes groups + aerobic exercise and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + L-carnitine compared to the control group and placebo (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two active research groups (p = 0.274). The results of the follow-up test showed a significant decrease in glucose in the active groups compared to the control and placebo groups (p = 0.001).Results: The results of the follow-up test showed a significant increase in apline receptor in diabetes groups + aerobic exercise and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + L-carnitine compared to the control group and placebo (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two active research groups (p = 0.274). The results of the follow-up test showed a significant decrease in glucose in the active groups compared to the control and placebo groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption can increase the apline receptor of cardiac tissue and reduce glucose.}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Apline receptor, Aerobic exercise, LCarnitine, Glucose}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {11-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6284-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6284-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Soheilpour, Meisam and Shahsavar, Alirez}, title = {The effect of one perode of aerobic exercise and thrush on oxidative stress indices of heart tissue in rats with type 2 diabetes}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world, which is responsible for approximately 4 million deaths per year. Due to the fact that in diabetes, the transfer and oxidation of glucose is impaired and the heart muscle cells get the energy they need exclusively from fatty acids, the products of fat oxidation, including free radicals in the cell. Increased cardiac output and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress with impaired prooxidant-antioxidant balance leads to impaired redox signaling and cellular and molecular damage to tissue components. Therefore, the use of antioxidants such as thistle extract may play an important role in reducing the consequences of diabetes. Because antioxidants with different mechanisms reduce the severity of oxidative stress reactions and cellular effects and ultimately reduce the clinical problems caused by them [8]. The compounds in thistle extract may inhibit free radicals and their destructive effects; Therefore, prescribing Tribulus terrestris extract due to the antioxidant effects of this plant and also due to its effect in eliminating harmful metabolites in the body can be useful and effective in reducing the effects of oxidative damage [12]. Other treatments for diabetics include exercise and physical activity. But you have to be very careful in choosing the intensity and type of sports activity. Because physical activity may cause oxidative stress in the body, which can activate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components [13]. Given the importance of the heart in life, the negative impact of diabetes on individual and social life on the one hand and the role of oxidative stress in diabetes on the other hand and that a study on the effect of aerobic exercise and prickly pear on heart enzymes Has not, the present study seems necessary. Methods: The present study was an experimental study. For this study, 45 mice aged 6 to 8 weeks in the weight range of 200 to 300 g after entering the research environment and one week of familiarity with the new environment, were randomly divided into six groups 1) Sham group (5 rats), 2) Healthy control group (8 rats), 3) Diabetic control group (8 rats), 4) Diabetic group Received 10 mg per kg of extracts of perch body weight per day (8 Rat head), 5) Diabetic group aerobic exercise (8 rats) 6) Diabetic group aerobic exercise and receiving thistle extract (8 rats) were divided. Then 32 rats were injected with 95 mg / kg body weight of mice dissolved in nicotinamide saline and after 15 minutes 55 mg / kg body weight of STZ diluted in sodium citrate buffer with pH = 7/4 became diabetic subcutaneously. Rats in control groups received the same amount of buffer. Five days after injection, rats with serum glucose above 300 mg / dL were considered diabetic using glucometry. Rats receiving thistle received 10 mg of thistle extract daily by gavage [13]. After 5 days of familiarization, the exercise groups performed aerobic exercises on a treadmill at a speed of 23 meters per minute, 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week for eight weeks. The present exercise training protocol was implemented between 6.00 and 8.00 in the morning [16]. Also, to stimulate the mice to run, an acoustic stimulus (impact on the wall of the treadmill) was used. During the protocol, the control mice were introduced to the treadmill, one session per week, for 5 minutes, at a speed of 10 meters in a minute and with a zero slope, they walked on the treadmill. After 6 weeks, all rats were anesthetized with respiratory chloroform and histoplasty was performed and MDA, GPX and SOD levels were measured. Finally, descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc using SPSS / 21 software were used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, it was found that a period of aerobic training and itching had a significant effect on the MDA of heart tissue in Wistar rats (F5.42 = 49.85, p = 0.001). It was also found that between the healthy-sham control group (p = 0.712), the healthy control group with aerobic training and thistle training (p = 0.672) and the sham group with aerobic training and thistle training (p = 0.329). There is no significant difference, but there is a significant difference between other groups. Regarding GPX, in the present study, it was found that a period of aerobic training and diarrhea had a significant effect on GPX in the heart tissue of Wistar rats (F5,42 = 85.36, p= 0.001). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the healthy control group with the aerobic exercise group (p = 0.715) and Kharkhask (p = 0.184) on the one hand and the sham group with the diabetic control group (p = 0.995) but There is a significant difference between the other groups. Regarding SOD, in the present study, it was found that a period of aerobic training and diarrhea had a significant effect on the SOD of the heart tissue of Wistar rats (F5,42 = 245.68, p = 0.001). The results also showed a significant difference between the healthy control group with the aerobic exercise group (p = 0.115) and aerobic exercise and thistle (P = 0.948) on the one hand and the sham group with the diabetic control group (p = 0.995). There is no but there is a significant difference between other groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the positive effect of aerobic exercise and thistle extract on the oxidative stress indices of heart tissue in diabetic rats. Various researches in this field have been carried out inside and outside the country and contradictory results have been obtained and different mechanisms have been proposed. But in general, it seems that in diabetic patients, regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can increase antioxidant capacity and increase resistance to oxidative factors [20]. The first mechanism that affects the indicators of oxidative stress following exercise is exercise status (type, intensity and duration of exercise). The results of previous studies indicate the role of endurance training and adaptation to aerobic exercise in significantly reducing the oxidative pressure of the heart, which was associated with increased levels of antioxidant enzymes [20]. Prolonged exercise counteracts this effect by increasing antioxidant enzymes and thus reducing the production of free radicals. Studies in mice have also shown that endurance training increases the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in skeletal and cardiac muscle, thus providing protection against oxidative stress [21]. Many studies on the effects of exercise on oxidative stress have reported that acute and endurance exercise reduces the oxidative stress damage caused by exercise. [22] On the other hand, studies have shown that inhibition of oxidative processes in diabetic patients may can reduce the incidence and spread of delayed complications in these patients; Therefore, supplementation with antioxidants can be a good way to reduce oxidative stress and its side effects [23]. Also, the main chemical constituents of Tribulus terrestris include saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and troestrosins E and A and the pharmacological effects of the fruit of this plant are attributed to these compounds. Researchers have shown that thrush can increase the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the body and intensify the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce lipid peroxidation [29]. Tribulus terrestris saponins have been shown to reduce cell damage by activating the PKC signaling pathway [31]. Also, some of the beneficial effects of this plant in the present study can be attributed to the effects of reducing its oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties and strengthening the oxygen free radical scavenging system, which is probably very similar to vitamin E in this respect. The compounds in this plant purify various reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) [33]. According to the research results, the use of aerobic exercise can be recommended with confidence to reduce the negative effects of diabetes in diabetic rats, but in the case of the use of supplements, it is recommended to be taken in consultation with a physician.}, Keywords = {Aerobic exercise,Thrush,Heart tissue,Oxidative stress,Type 2 diabetes}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {21-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6806-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6806-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Kazemi, Atefeh and Alam, Shahram and Hojburnia, Zahr}, title = {Modeling of behavioral factors affecting on development of women\'s sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran in promoting health}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Women play a very influential role in all aspects of society as half of the body of society and the main axis of the family, so the physical and mental health of women and as a result the health of the next generation of society is emphasized. Today, one of the most accessible, inexpensive and determining tools for human health is physical activity and exercise. Evidence suggests a strong association between physical inactivity and premature death, as well as a large number of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Although regular participation in sports is a fundamental human right and an important part of a healthy life, girls and women participate less in sports than boys and men. Women's sports are one of the main issues in the field of sports today, and the lack of gender equality in the provision of facilities leads to a reduction in the chances of participating in sports and serious physical injuries. Although the results of research indicate an improvement in public health, health outcomes, and women's mental and social health through participation in sports and physical activity; But one of the most fundamental issues that little has been known about since the formation of the sociology of sport is why women's participation in sport is low and what factors affect it. The Center for Women's Participation has rated the rate of women's sports participation as very low. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model behavioral factors affecting the development of women's sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran in promoting health. Methods: This research, considering its objectives, is a descriptive-survey research that has been studied and analyzed with the approach of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 508 people including Minister, Deputy Minister, General Staff, Deputy General Staff, General Director of the province, Deputy Minister of Women's Affairs in the Physical Education Organization, Presidents of sports federations, Vice Presidents of federations, Technical and Sports deputies in the provinces , The head of the province's women sports development, consisted of the heads of provincial sports delegations across the country as well as experts in sports management of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to Myers et al. (30), factor analysis requires 10 to 20 respondents per item (since the number of items in the researcher-made questionnaire was 16 items, 320 respondents are required). In the present study, the sample size was considered equal to the population of 508 people by census method (total number). After distributing and collecting the questionnaires, 409 questionnaires could be returned. Was considered. Since there were no standard questionnaires or scales for measuring behavioral factor, the researcher reviewed the sources and documents and articles related to the research topic; Also, a survey of professors, experts and managers of physical education and sports in the country prepared a researcher-made questionnaire that included 16 questions on a five-point Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and doctoral students in the field of physical education and sports sciences who had passed their comprehensive test. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.691 by Cronbach's alpha method. After data collection, frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation to describe the research data, skewness test to check the normality of the data, exploratory factor analysis test and confirmatory factor analysis for modeling. Behavioral factors affecting the development of women's sports to promote health and SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 software were used. Results: In order to model the behavioral factors affecting the development of women's sports to promote health, first exploratory factor analysis was used. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was used to evaluate the adequacy of sampling and KMO was performed to evaluate the appropriateness of the data of the researcher-made questionnaire, which was satisfactory (KMO: 0.701). Also, Bartlett sphericity test (ss = 185/985 and 0.0001) was calculated which was statistically significant. Examination of these two tests showed the accuracy of sampling and the adequacy of the data and that it was appropriate in terms of preparation. Then, using the principal component analysis method (varimax rotation) and eigenvalues higher than one, two factors were obtained. In the following, confirmation factor analysis has been used to confirm the exploratory factor analysis. First, to determine the confirmatory factor analysis and whether the data are suitable for this model or model, model fit indices were used, which showed that the value of χ2 with the value of 102.375 and the degree of freedom of 103 is non-significant and shows. Give the data a fit. Also, other indicators show that the data have a good fit with the model. The fitness index χ2 / df with a value of 0.994 is less than the value of 3. In addition, fit indices of GFI = 0.970, AGFI = 0.961, CFI = 1,000 and NFI = 0.974 above 0.90 indicate that the data model is appropriate. Similarly, the root mean square error (RMSEA) was 0.000, which emphasizes that the model is acceptable and less than the standard value of 0.08. In general, the fit indices of the model indicated the fit of the data with the model. Also, descriptive findings and estimation of one-sample t-test showed that the average of respondents to questions related to the behavioral factor is 3.07, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant. Be (Sig <0.01). In other words, behavioral factors affect the development of women's sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health. Also, the average of the respondents to the questions related to the individual behavioral sub-factor is 3.05, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant (Sig <0.05). In other words, individual sub-factors affect the development of women's sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health. In addition, the average of the respondents to the questions related to the interpersonal sub-factor is 3.09, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant (Sig <0.01). In other words, interpersonal behavioral sub-factors affect the development of women's sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study emphasize the importance of behavioral factors and subsequent individual and interpersonal sub-factors on the development of women's sports to institutionalize health in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the role of officials in using this component. توسعه demands the development of public health in the country. In this case, one's beliefs about the benefits of different health-related behavioral habits form the outcome expectations that are the second factor in Bandura's cognitive-social theory. Outcome expectations are divided into three parts: physical, social, and self-assessment. Arguably, health outcomes are more clearly linked to participation in sports. It can be said that a person who believes that exercise causes fatigue, sweating and disturbs his relaxation, has negative consequences for exercise and will pay less attention to physical activity. Another consequence is the expectation of self-assessment. This expectation includes the positive and negative standards and evaluations that a person uses to judge their health behavior. Therefore, expectations of physical outcome and self-assessment expectations are the most important reasons to justify the impact of behavioral factors on the development of women's sports to promote health.  }, Keywords = {Health, Development, Women's Sports , Behavioral Factor, Society}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {32-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6312-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6312-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Eiji, Peyman and Nikbakht, Hojatallah and Abednatanzi, Hosei}, title = {investigate the effect of short-term and long-term combined resistance (resistance-endurance) on some structural variables of the heart of young non-athletic men}, abstract ={  Background and Aims: Contrary to pathological conditions, structural changes and adaptations in response to regular exercise are a physiological phenomenon. Aerobic activity follows an extrovert hypertrophy pattern by applying a kind of volumetric load on the heart muscle. While the pattern of changes due to resistance or strength exercises occurs due to pressure stress in the form of introverted hypertrophy. However, athletes in many sports between the two ends of the continuum and endurance and resistance exercises, usually inevitably use combined exercises that have both the characteristics of pressure and volume push-ups (4, 5). However, there is much disagreement about the effect of short-term exercise on young non-athletes and its effect on structural and functional changes in the heart, and although not enough information is currently available, research findings show that in Response to regular exercise The cardiovascular system undergoes significant positive changes. In addition to the above, it is important to study the effect of various sports exercises on the structure of the heart (8). However, despite much research on ECG and exercise, resistance exercise and ECG and echocardiography have been studied simultaneously and less in endurance-resistance training, and most research on aerobic exercise, disease, and postoperative recovery has been studied. Cardiac surgery has been performed. Therefore, in this study, structural changes in the heart in response to short-term and long-term endurance-resistance training in young non-athlete men are studied and the question is answered whether short-term and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training Does it affect some structural variables in the heart of young non-athlete men? Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in the field and laboratory with a group of 12 people and 3 experimental stages. For the present study, 12 non-athlete young men aged 20 to 30 years in Saveh were randomly selected as the sample. Then, before starting the training program, the consent of all subjects was obtained to participate in the research. Then, the research variables in the pre-test were measured using an electrocardiograph and the subjects performed a short-term combined training program (resistance-endurance) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, they underwent ECO again and exercises for another 4 weeks. Did their own thing and finally ECO came out of them again. To perform the research protocol, first a maximum repetition of the subjects was calculated, then they warmed up for 10 minutes and performed strength exercises including four movements of foot press, chest press, armpit and leg stretching in such a way that all movements in the arms and legs in The first week was performed with 50% of a maximum repetition in 2 turns with 10 repetitions and with a rest frequency of 1 to 2 minutes between each turn. The intensity of training increased increasingly and reached 80% 1RM in 3 turns with 6 repetitions in the eighth week. After each session of resistance training, the subjects performed endurance training including running with a working intensity of 65% of maximum heart rate on the treadmill for 16 minutes in the first week to 80% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes in the eighth week (11) . Finally, to describe the data from the central indicators, dispersion and drawing of tables, and from Shapir-Wilk tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures by software (SPSS) version 23 at the significant level of p≥0.05 It was used for inferential analysis of data. Results: The results of statistical analysis of Khadr research data showed that short and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training on left ventricular end-diastolic end diameter (p = 0.398), left ventricular systolic end diameter (p = 0.480), aortic diameter At the root level of AO (p = 0.756), transverse diameter of right ventricle (p = 0.997) and thickness of interventricular septum (p = 0.759) of young non-athlete men had no significant effect (Table 1). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that short and long-term combined (resistance-endurance) training has no effect on the left ventricular diastolic end diameter of young non-athlete men, but the effect size of 8 weeks of training is less than 4 weeks of training. Exercise restores the structure of the left ventricle of the heart, which is mediated by many aspects of exercise as well as individual characteristics. Different sports are a combination of compression and volume overloads and there is absolutely no volume and pressure overload in any of the sports activities. There are many factors that can affect left ventricular preload and postload, all of which can affect the size of the left ventricular diastolic end as much as exercise or even more. Increasing the thickness of the posterior walls of the left ventricle indicates an overload of pressure on the heart walls. Repetition of strong contractions during exercise stimulates the necessary ventricular wall hypertrophy and thus increases the thickness of the left ventricular wall. When the heart is exposed to acute exercise conditions, there are changes in heart rate and strength, and when it is exposed to these pressures over a long period of time, there are changes in the size of the heart cavities and the thickness of the ventricular walls. The results of various studies show that these changes may vary depending on the type of exercise, age, sex and body surface area (14).}, Keywords = {Combination training (short-term endurance), long-term variables, structural variables, heart, young non-athlete men.}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {44-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6280-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6280-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mirzaaghaee, Soheyla and Barzegari, Ali and Naghibi, Saeed and AmouzadMahdirejei, Hass}, title = {The effect of three models of continuous training with moderate, high intensity and high intermittent intensity training on the expression of IGFBP1 gene in liver tissue of wistar male rats}, abstract ={  Background and Aims: Trainings resulting from training include increased protein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. One of the most important factors affecting training with different intensities is insulin-like growth factor (IGF1-1). IGF1-1 is a 70 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the liver. This hormone plays a major role in controlling cellular aging and longevity. There are six proteins capable of binding to IGF-1 (from IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that vary in their binding to IGF-1. Studies on the effect of intermittent training on hormonal adjustment are limited. However, the study of changes in anabolic hormones, including IGFBP-1, is effective in monitoring the effect of such trainings on cellular signaling, including protein synthesis, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. It also shows that the effect of these hormones has not been studied with the desired high-intensity training approach. Therefore, the question of the present study is whether there is a difference between the effect of three training methods with different intensities on the expression of IGFBP-1 gene in the liver tissue of male Wistar rats? Methods: The present study was approved by the ethics committee of Payame Noor University with the code IR.PNU.REC.1398.059. In terms of purpose, it is fundamental-applied, which was implemented experimentally. In the present study, 32 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237 ±33 g were purchased from the Pasteur Institute. After being transferred to the animal laboratory environment, these animals are housed in transparent polycarbonate cages in an environment with a temperature of 22 ± 1.4 °C, the humidity of 45 to 55%, four heads in each cage with free access to water and closed. Foods were maintained according to a 12-hour sleep-wake cycle. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (Co) (8 heads), moderate intensity training (MIT) (8 heads), high-intensity training (HIT) (8 heads), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (8 heads) were divided. The MIT protocol was performed in such a way that in the first week, 5 minutes of warm-up, 5 minutes of cooling, and 20 minutes of the main body of the exercise, including running at 65% VO2max at a speed of 20 m/min, was added to the training time every week. In the sixth week, the training time reached 37 minutes and remained constant until the end of the eighth. Also, the training speed was unchanged from the first week to the eighth week and was equal to 20 meters per minute. The HIT protocol in the first week included: 5 minutes of warm-up, 5 minutes of cooling, and 20 minutes of running training with 65% VO2max at a speed of 20 m/min and an increasing slope of the treadmill. The training time was increased every week, so that in the sixth week the training time reached 30 minutes and remained constant until the end of the eighth. On the other hand, the slope of the strip was 2% in the first and second weeks and 2% was added to the slope every 2 weeks to reach 8% in the seventh and eighth weeks. Also, the training speed from the first week to the eighth week was 20 meters per minute and was kept constant. The HIIT protocol also included 10 minutes of warm-up before the workout, in the first to fourth weeks including 3 intense intermittent runs with an intensity of 90 to 100% VO2max and a speed of 30 meters per minute in 4 minutes and 3 low-intensity intermittent runs. With 50 to 60% VO2max and at a speed of 20 meters per minute in 3 minutes. From the fifth to the eighth week, it also includes 4 intense intermittent runs with an intensity of 90 to 100% VO2max at a speed of 30 meters per minute in 4 minutes and 3 low-intensity intermittent runs with 50 to 60% VO2max at a speed of 20 meters per minute. It took 3 minutes. The main body time of the exercise was 28 minutes per repetition. Mice in the control group did not participate in any exercise program but were placed on a stationary treadmill for 10 to 15 minutes per session to adapt to the environment to create the same conditions. After in vitro analysis of the samples, descriptive statistics including standard mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics were used to quantitatively describe the data. First, the Shapirovilk test was used to determine the normality of data distribution, and the Leven test was used to determine the homogeneity of variance. Due to the normal distribution of data, parametric tests including one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used at a significance level of p≥0.05. Results: The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that IGFBP1 gene expression in the liver tissue of rats in the study groups was statistically significant (P <0.001). Tukey post hoc test results also showed that there was a significant increase in IGFBP1 gene expression as a result of training compared to the control group (P = 0.001), as in the MIT and HIT groups compared to the HIIT group, There was a significant decrease in IGFBP1 expression (P = 0.001). However, the results showed that there was no significant difference between HIT and MIT groups (P = 0.412). Comparing the three training models, it was found that the expression of IGFBP1 in the HIIT group had a significant increase compared to other training groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: All three training methods were able to improve the expression of the studied genes and make favorable changes in reducing the consequences of liver tissue damage. However, it seems that HIIT trainings have had more favorable effects, although more research is needed in this area and the difference between the effect of current training protocols and the path of their possible signaling mechanisms is not clear and the need for research. There are more in this field. One of the limitations of the present study is the lack of control over calorie intake in rats and lack of control over physical activity outside the animal research program. However, the research background on the effect of the present study training protocols on IGFBP-1 in liver tissue is very limited and needs further investigation.  }, Keywords = {Moderate Intensity Continuous Training, High Intensity Continuous Training, High Intermittent Intensity Training, IGFBP1, Liver.}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {54-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6288-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6288-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MohamadimirAzizi, Nozar and Mehrara, Asadollah and Matani, Mehr}, title = {Development of a policy model in the treatment sector of the Social Security Organization}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: One of the subjects related to social policy is the study of the approaches, and actions of governments towards welfare states. Health is considered as a special commodity, and a prerequisite for every person's performance as a citizen, and its lack not only loses one's welfare, but also deprives him of his freedom and prevents him to stand by his responsibilities and commitment. Health policy has been stated as one of the main dimensions of social policy. Policy-making is a complex communication process involving the participation and impact of stakeholders and the solution of problems that can be solved through a wide range of issues. Policy-making actions are influenced by recent developments and changes. Policy-making is a political, dynamic and complex process. One of the basic roles of the governance is policy-making for the organization's subsidiaries in large organizations such as Social Security. According to the studies and the results of the background, no executive model has been designed in the field of policy-making development for the treatment department of the Social Security Organization in the country so far. On the other hand, it is the first time that the method of designing a policy-making model in the Social Security Organization will be performed according to the systematic model of Strauss and Corbin in this study. Also, since the Social Security Organization is a social organization that covers different sections of society, every policy in this organization can have many consequences multiplying the responsibility of this organization. As regards the performance of a policy should be based on an acceptable comprehensive model for the majority of active members in the group and its stakeholders in an organization, in this research, it is necessary to question the design of a policy-making development model and seeks to answer the question of what development model can be used for policy- making in the treatment department of the Social Security Organization? Methods: This study is a quantitative and sequential exploratory strategy, in which first, the method of Grounded theory, and Strauss and Corbin Systematic Approach are used to identify and design a policy-making development model in the treatment department of the Social Security Organization through Open Coding, Axial Coding, Selective Coding, and then Semi-structured interviews with the statistical population that include researchers and university professors specializing in public administration and senior managers of the Social Security Organization reach the theoretical saturation in order to identify the issues, causative conditions, background conditions, interventionist conditions, strategies and policy- making development consequences in the treatment department of the Social Security Organization and these interviews were conducted in 5 periods. The systematic research scheme emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, as well as providing a logical paradigm or representational image of an evolving theory. The statistical sample size was 20 people through semi-structured Delphi interviews to reach theoretical saturation. That is, the data from the twentieth person was duplicated and no new open coding was added. Sampling was done randomly and theoretically to select experts and thinkers because the selection of these people was based on the judgment of the research group and it seemed that the samples selected by the research group were in the best position to provide the required information. Thus, whenever a part of a statistical population is selected based on the judgment of certain individuals or the researcher himself to examine, such sampling is called theoretical or judgmental sampling. This method is mostly used when expert samples are needed. The instruments of the research data collection include the use of semi-structured questions and researcher-made coding sheets for open coding, axial coding, and selective coding for semi-structured and in-depth interviews with experts and professors of public administration and senior managers of the Social Security Organization using qualitative analysis software (MAXQDA). Results: The Results in the form of 45 categories and 268 conceptual codes in the six dimensions of the paradigmatic model as causal causes (5 categories), main and pivotal phenomenon (6 categories), strategies (5 categories) at 3 individual, intermediate and macro levels, Contextual conditions (7 categories), intervention conditions (6 categories) and outcomes (5 categories) were placed in 3 levels: individual, intermediate and macro. Conclusion: The first finding of the study was the effect of contextual conditions on health policy-making and treatment in the Social Security Organization. Other studies have confirmed the significant role of contextual conditions in the policy-making of various reform programs in order to strengthen the health system and achieve universal health coverage, in addition they have introduced various factors in the contextual dimension that can influence health reform policy-making. In the present study, three categories including human-centered factors, support factors and macro-factors were identified as contextual efficient factors in the treatment policy-making in the Social Security Organization. In the group of macro factors, the legal environment has been identified as one of the factors that has two effects on the policy-making of the treatment sector. The first aspect refers to the legal framework needed to modify the health reform plan in the field of treatment. Other political factors are causative conditions that indicate the impact of the prevailing political environment in the country and they are at the request and approval of the country's political leaders and managers regarding the policy-making of the treatment sector. The fact that the political environment strongly influences the policy-makings of the country's health reform programs has been reported in the experiences of health reform in different countries. This group of factors seems to be one of the main factors that can alone affect the development and implementation of the health policies and the treatment and overshadow their sustainability and continuity. Economic and social factors have been identified as another causative factor. Based on the findings of the present study, not only the reform health and treatment is an issue related to the health system but also various socio-economic variables of society affect it ,and also policy-making in the treatment sector of the Social Security Organization is affected by the socio-economic conditions of the country; in this regard, if there is a disorder in the socio-economic conditions of the country, it will cause severe disturbance in the provision of health services, especially in the field of medicine and treatment and the performance will be failed and at the result, it is necessary to be reformed. Another finding of the present study distinguishes different aspects of policy-making process of the health and treatment sector in the Social Security Organization. According to this finding, the occurrence of three specific issues that affect each other caused the field of treatment in order to be on the agenda of the Social Security Organization. The issue of health problems and the issue of health system reform policy have been formed for a long time ago and have had reciprocal effects on each other.  }, Keywords = {Development, Treatment, Social Security Organization, Iran}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {64-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6361-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6361-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Niknezhad, Bita and saeidi, Parviz and AkhavanFar, Amir}, title = {Assessing the status of behavioral-psychological tendencies of people related to child services during the outbreak of Covid-19 virus}, abstract ={Backgroiund and Aims: Today, customers are the most important assets of any organization and organizations that strive to have committed and loyal customers have taken a big step towards success (3). In the meantime, paying attention to important aspects of customer orientation can have positive and desirable effects on their decisions and behaviors and also subject customers' behaviors to fundamental changes (4). In this regard, one of the important functions of customer orientation and customer attention in industries and companies is to influence the behavioral tendencies of customers (5). Behavioral tendencies influence the behavior of influential people and increase the likelihood of performing a behavior and improve their loyalty, as well as the likelihood of customers buying (6, 7). Improving customer behavioral tendencies and adapting it to industry policies has been one of the constant concerns of managers. In an effort to align customer behavioral tendencies with the services provided by companies and organizations (8). The outbreak of Covid-19 virus has disrupted people's lives due to economic, social, occupational and psychological problems. Due to the lack of vaccines, non-pharmacological interventions are the only way to prevent the disease, which significantly affects the daily habits of the body, mental conditions, social and economic status (12). Meanwhile, the criteria of social distance, school closures and work environments challenge people and lead to many psychological problems that will have long-term effects (13). Coronary heart disease is now a pandemic. While this pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world, it has caused fear and anxiety among the general public (14). Also, the spread of this virus while involving industries has caused the world to face major challenges from an economic, political, social and cultural perspective (15). Understanding the behavioral tendencies of customers in some markets, including the opening of child services in the event of a Quid-19 virus outbreak, can help to determine the current state of customer tendencies in these markets. This issue undoubtedly raises the necessary concern to respond to the above situation in order to improve the behavior and psychology of customers in the child service market. Therefore, the researcher is trying to answer the question, what is the state of behavioral and psychological tendencies of these people at the time of the outbreak of Quid-19 virus? Methods: The present study was a descriptive-survey and applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study consisted of all people related to child services in Gorgan, but unfortunately accurate statistics were not available. Based on the Cochran sample size formula in the uncertainty of the community, 384 people were identified as the research sample. To identify the research samples, we first referred to some stores active in the field of child services market in Gorgan. In selecting these stores, we tried to consider the geographical areas of Gorgan. After obtaining the necessary licenses to obtain initial information from some customers of these stores, the contact information of some of these customers was received and through the information system of the stores, the link of the research questionnaire was sent for research samples. Due to the possibility of a large drop in research samples, 400 text messages were sent to customers of the child services market in Gorgan. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 327 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data collection tools included the standard questionnaire of Bayrak et al. (2016) and the researcher-made psychological inclination questionnaire. Finally, descriptive statistics, Smirnov clomograph test, one-sample t-test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up were used to compare the behavioral tendencies of the research samples. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 20. Resaults: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the levels of behavioral and psychological tendencies and also the post hoc test between all groups in all components. Table 2 shows the results of the independent t-test on the status of behavioral and psychological tendencies at the time of the outbreak of Quid-19 virus according to gender characteristics. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the behavioral and psychological tendencies of male and female samples of child service market customers during the outbreak of Quid-19 virus. It was also found that the average behavioral and psychological tendencies of the research samples at the time of the outbreak of Quaid-19 virus were lower than 0.05, which indicates the undesirable behavioral and psychological tendencies of customers. Conclusion: The present study showed that the level of behavioral and psychological tendencies of customers in the child services market at the time of the outbreak of Quid-19 virus among the research samples is significantly lower than the desired level (number 3). Low visibility of this disease not only threatens the physical health of people, but also affects the mental health of people, especially in terms of emotions and cognition. Prolonged negative emotions reduce a person's immune function and upset the balance of their normal physiological mechanisms. People may overreact to any illness, leading to avoidant behaviors. Uncertainty about the future also causes cognitive inconsistencies and insecurity, and people behave conservatively and cautiously when they feel threatened by illness (21). These cases may be the reason for the undesirable behavioral and psychological tendencies of customers}, Keywords = {Quaid-19 virus, behavioral tendencies, Chiled.}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {79-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6383-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6383-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Sadegh and Barzegari, Ali}, title = {Evaluation of Nutritional factors and body composition of selected athletic students of high school in Hamedan city}, abstract ={  Background and Aims: Adolescence is one of the most sensitive and important periods of human development. At this stage, the growth suddenly increases. This rapid growth requires special nutritional needs. Various studies show that various factors such as misleading advertising, the availability of convenient and fast food, lifestyle, and poor nutritional knowledge, put food choices at risk among adolescents. Lack of necessary nutritional knowledge in addition to the adverse effect on body mass index (BMI) and the risk of diseases such as diabetes and obesity reduces general physical fitness and reduces their health. It seems that one of the important reasons for poor nutrition is the incorrect or lack of knowledge of athletes and coaches in this regard. Most of the nutritional functions and behaviors of individuals are performed according to the nutritional attitudes of individuals. The use of height and weight indicators to understand the health and nutritional status of children and adolescents in society is becoming increasingly important. Lack of proper nutritional knowledge in adolescence, in addition to the occurrence of diseases, also affects the body composition of individuals. By knowing the physical composition of adolescents, it is possible to provide proper nutrition and physical activity programs. Dietary habits are also one of the significant factors that affect a person's health. The results show that nutritional practices are more influenced by nutritional cultures, beliefs, and attitudes than by nutritional awareness. Considering the mentioned issues and the importance of nutrition in the growth and health of adolescents and existing nutritional problems, and considering the little research in this regard in our country and the contradictory results of previous research, so more research is needed in this The field should be used to change the quality of nutrition and improve it to increase performance by evaluating and promoting students' nutrition knowledge, attitude and performance. Therefore, the present study is designed in this direction, what is the level of knowledge, attitude, and nutritional methods of students in Hamadan? Methods: The research method was descriptive-survey and was conducted in the field by questionnaire and interview. The statistical population included all male and female high school students in the city of Hamedan, whose number according to the information obtained through the Education Department of Hamedan province was 10,500 people (5300 boys, 5200 girls) in the academic year of 97-98. After determining the population of the statistical population, the statistical sample according to the number of the statistical population and the use of Morgan table as well as Cochran's formula, which was obtained from both similar results, 372 people (186 boys and 186 girls) athletes and non athletes were selected by random cluster sampling for research. There were 93 athletes and 93 non-athletes in the girls 'and boys' groups. Athletic participants included in the statistical sample were people who had continuous sports activity and were selected as members of school ball sports, and non-athlete samples were normal students who were not active in sports, the age range of both groups from 15 to 18 year old and studied in the secondary schools of Hamedan. Statistical samples were randomly selected. First, a request to conduct a research project in schools was submitted to the General Directorate of Education of Hamadan province, which after reviewing and approving, sent a letter to cooperate in districts 1 and 2 of Hamadan and the mentioned areas with the subject of cooperation in research to all schools Relevant sent. As a cluster selection from each district, 4 schools were selected, a total of 8 schools, of which 4 were girls 'schools and 4 were boys' schools. In the selection of schools and samples, the issue of purposefulness and randomness was considered. In schools, consent was given to selected students for research. Then the relevant questionnaire was distributed among the students. Before filling in the questionnaires by the students, a complete explanation was given about how to complete the questionnaire and the necessary accuracy, importance, and purpose of doing it for the subjects, and they were asked to answer the questions honestly and cooperate properly with the researcher. Have. Students were asked to refrain from mentioning their names and details. Students' weight and height were also measured. The research questionnaire consists of sections of knowledge, attitude, and nutrition methods, which was designed in 1999 by Parmenter and Wardell. After translating the questionnaire and adjusting some of the questions according to eating habits in Iranian culture and consulting physiologists to obtain face validity and by testing and retesting to obtain its reliability. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine the normal distribution of data. In inferential statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between variables, and one-way analysis of variance test was used to examine the group difference and Tukey post hoc test was used to show the location of the group difference Results: The results showed that 186 (50%) were male students and 186 (50%) were female students. Also, 186 (50%) students are athletes and 186 (50%) are non-athlete students. The average age of students is 17.07 years and its standard deviation is 0.69 years. The average height of students is 169.4 cm and the standard deviation is 8.03 cm. The average height by sex was 174.19 cm in boys and 164.68 cm in girls. Analysis of variance was used to test the observed differences between the research variables between male and female students, athletes, and non-athletes. The results of the analysis of variance in Table 1 show that between the level of nutritional knowledge of male and female students, athletes and non-athletes, with a value of F=1.29, p=0.27 at the level (α≥0.05 There is no significant difference. Also, there is no significant difference between the nutritional attitudes of male and female students, athletes and non-athletes, with a value of F=1.25, p=0.28 at the level (α≥0.05). While there is a significant difference between the nutritional styles of male and female students, athletes, and non-athletes, with a value of F=5.90, p=0.001 at the level (α≥0.05). Comparison of the mean scores of nutritional methods in the groups with Tukey post hoc test showed that between the mean scores of athlete boy with non-athlete boy group (p = 0.009), athlete girl (p=0.040) and non-athlete girl (P=0.001), there is a significant difference. While there is no significant difference between the mean scores of other groups (non-athlete boy, athlete girl, non-athlete girl) (p <0.05). A comparison of the mean scores of body mass index in the groups with Tukey post hoc test showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the athlete boy with the non-athlete boy group (p=0.008) and the non-athlete girl (p = 0.000). There is a significant difference between the mean body mass index (BMI) of non-athlete boys and non-athlete girls (p=0.035); Also, there is a significant difference between the mean body mass index (BMI) of female athlete and non-athlete girl (p=0.000) and there is no significant difference between the mean body mass index (BMI) of other groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Given that adolescence is an important period in terms of the development of each person. It is necessary to improve their level of knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional behaviors. Increasing nutritional awareness will ultimately improve the health of people in the community. Due to the existing unfavorable nutritional conditions and limited studies in the field of nutrition in Iran and the relatively contradictory results of previous research and the importance of the subject to promote community health, conduct more studies and measures to improve adolescents' knowledge, attitude, and nutritional practices and expression. Useful solutions in this field seem necessary.  }, Keywords = {Nutritional knowledge, Nutritional attitude, Nutritional practices, Body Mass Index.}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {88-97}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6424-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6424-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Takhti, Maryam and RiyahiMalayeri, Shahin and Behdari, Rez}, title = {Comparison of two methods of concurrent training and ginger intake on visfatin and metabolic syndrome in overweight women}, abstract ={Background: In recent years, because of improved screening diseases due to inactivity, various physical activity has been proposed as solutions has justified the requirement of preventive of strategies such as lifestyle. Obesity and overweight are one of the growing problems of today's society and threatens the health situation around the world (1). The physical, psychological, social, and economic effects of obesity have made it one of the most complex health problems of our century, and the number of obese people in the world continues to rise (2,3). The phenomenon of obesity and overweight affects all races and age groups and sexes, given that obesity itself can cause various diseases such as hypertension or fatty liver, the effects of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue are more colorful. Visfatin is an adipocaine that is mainly secreted from visceral adipose tissue and increases in humans and obese animals. In this case, the global focus on medicinal plants is increasing day by day because it may have fewer negative effects (4,5,6). Ginger is widely used as a spice around the world. In the past, this plant was used as an important part of Chinese medicine, Indian medicine and Greek herbal medicine for the treatment of neurological diseases, colds, rheumatism, gingivitis, toothaches, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes (11,12,13). A comparison of two methods of parallel training and ginger consumption on visfatin and metabolic syndrome indices of overweight women was performed. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. 32 overweight women with an average age of 30-45 years from Tehran, located on 15 districts, randomized divided into four groups of 8, including resistance training and Ginger consumption, resistance training + high intensity training and ginger consumption, high intensity training + resistance training and ginger consumption and high intensity training and ginger consumption were divided. Subjects participated in a parallel exercise program (two groups) for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 35 minutes (19,20). All subjects consumed ginger in 250 mg capsules for 8 weeks while maintaining a consistent dietary calorie intake in four meals (21). Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. After performing the last training session and 48 hours after it, as in the pre-test stage, the subjects in 4 groups in the night fasting position, blood sampling and related measurements were performed again. Immediately after blood sampling, blood samples were poured into the Falcon tube to coagulate, then the blood samples were placed in a centrifuge and the device was turned on at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. After this time, the tubes were removed from the device and the serum was removed. Blood samples were stored in the freezer -70 until the relevant tests were performed. To measure visfatin, visfatin kit (human visfatin C-terminal made by Phoenix USA) with a coefficient of variation of 2.5 and a sensitivity of 1.2 ng / ml and the catalog number cat. No: E0025 Hu and the ELISA reader were used. Insulin was measured using a diaplus kit made in the USA with a sensitivity diaplus kit made in the USA with a sensitivity of 0.25 and a catalog number of 1606.15. Also, the amount of fasting blood sugar by enzymatic colorimetric method with the help of glucose oxidase (glucose kit, Pars Azmoun company) with a change coefficient of 4.7 was used. Insulin resistance was calculated using resting concentrations of glucose and insulin and using the formula 405 / plasma glucose (mg / dL) plasma insulin. Measurement of fats and lipoproteins using HDL measuring kit (manufactured by Mercodia, Sweden with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg per deciliter and calorimetric method), cholesterol (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of 3 mg / dL) Enzymatic (triglyceride) (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg / dl and photometric method) and LDL kit (manufactured by Pars Azmoun Iran with a sensitivity of less than 1 mg per liter of photometric method) were performed. To measure height, Seca 786 height tester was used, to calculate fat percentage and body mass index, Tanita body composition device made in Turkey and also to estimate the maximum oxygen consumption, Rockport test was used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Confirmation of data normality was obtained through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Therefore, to compare intergroup changes and intra group changes, analysis of covariance and paired t-test were used and alpha was considered at the level of 0.05, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and dependent t-test. Results: The values of the studied variables in the present study in two stages of pre-test and post-test in the 4 groups studied and also the number of changes within the group (changes of each group compared to the pre-test stage) Findings showed that eight weeks of training and consumption of ginger had a significant increase in visfatin levels, insulin resistance in overweight women decreased significantly (p<0.05). However, it had no significant effect on fat profile and body mass index in women (p>0.05). Conclusion: The main finding of the present study was that despite the increase in visfatin, decrease in insulin and insulin resistance and WHR, no significant changes were observed in overweight individuals. Based on the research background, the results are contradictory in the effects of two parallel training methods associated with ginger consumption. On the other hand, according to the findings of this study, the two methods of parallel exercise and ginger consumption could not change the cholesterol level in overweight women. Also, the results showed that two methods of parallel exercise with ginger consumption on lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, TG) and cholesterol in overweight women has no effect. The findings of this study on the ineffectiveness of the two methods of parallel training and ginger consumption on triglycerides are not consistent with the findings of many animal studies. It seems that the parallel training method (resistance + periodic) compared to other training protocols reduces some It is more effective than indicators of metabolic syndrome.  }, Keywords = {Parallel Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, Jinger, Visfatin}, volume = {27}, Number = {9}, pages = {98-111}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6498-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6498-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2020} }