@article{ author = {Moghiseh, Zohre and Najafpoor, Ali Asghar and Hassanzadeh-Khayyat, Mohammad and DadbanShahamat, Yousef}, title = {Survey of using of analysis methods in determination of diazinon pesticide concentration in drinking water resources}, abstract ={Background: The most used method for environmental monitoring of organic compounds such as pesticides in small amounts particularly is chromatography. Methods: The liquid-liquid extraction was performed using dichloromethane solvent for sixty water samples each with a volume of 250 cc, were gathered from 10 wells and springs in the villages of Shandiz and Torqabeh in winter season and the concentrations were measured using HPTLC and HPLC system. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (Version 16). p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results indicated that an average of Recovery was 92.80±12.12. Also, in winter season the average concentration of diazinon using HPTLC and HPLC were 0.01, 0.58 µg/l, respectively. Any concentration of diazinon in the studied areas springs was not detected while the wells of Shandiz (with an average concentration of 0.71µg/l) were contaminated more than the wells of Torqabeh (with an average concentration of 0.52µg/l) measured by HPLC. Diazinon was not observed in water sources of Torqabe. In Shandiz, wells (with an average concentration of 0.018µg/l) were more contaminated than springs, measured by HPTLC. Conclusion: HPLC system analysis measure the diazinon more accurately and it was observed a significant difference between HTPLC and HPLC systems (p=0.001). Comparison of two regions showed that Shandiz was more contaminated than Torqabeh in winter season}, Keywords = {HPLC, HPTLC, TLC, Diazinon, Drinking water sources.}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3365-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3365-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {AlizadehOtaghour, Hamid Reza and Hoseini, Mostafa and Hajilou, Maryam}, title = {A rare case of perianal pilonidal cyst}, abstract ={  Pilonidal sinus or sacrococcygeal fistula is a cyst or abscess near or on the natal cleft of the buttocks that often contains hair and skin debris. The sinus track goes in a vertical direction between the buttocks. Rarely, a pilonidal sinus occurs in other sites of the body.   The exact cause is not clear. This report describes a 31-year-old man with pilonidal sinus who was complaining of pain, pus-like and blood-tinged discharge in perianal region. The patient was admitted with a primary diagnosis of anal fistula at 5 o'clock in the “lithotomy position” and 2 cm from anal verge combined with cyst at 3 cm of the anal fistula. In anal inspection and rectal examination, the external orifice of the fistula with a 20 -30 mm induration and pus-like discharge were observed. Explore the fistula using a fistula probe was unsuccessful. The cyst was removed and its pathologic result showed pilonidal sinus.  }, Keywords = {Pilonidal cyst, Perianal fistula, Anorectal area}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {9-12}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3366-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3366-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zaree, Fatemeh and Solhi, Mahnaz and Taghdisi, Mohammad Hosein and Kamali, Mohammad and Shojaeezadeh, Davood and Nejat, Saharnaz and MerghatiKhoei, Effatsadat}, title = {Post-divorce life experience in divorcee women: A qualitative study}, abstract ={  Background: Divorce is a social reality and an unpredictable change to marital status. This study aimed to explain post-divorce life experience in divorcee women based on socio- structural paradigm.   Methods: This is a qualitative study using grounded theory to explore lived experiences of divorcee women. The study participants included 26 divorced, 3 of their friends, 1 lawyer, 5 workers from Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, 3 real states and 2 insurance workers. Data collected through structured interviews and were analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin method.   Results: After analyzing the experiences of participants in this study, the "social acceptance of women in post-divorce life" was revealed as a central concept. The social acceptance shows that acceptance of a woman in society will be interpreted based on her marital status. Experiences of the participant’s revealed five main categories "credibility, "social attitudes", "exclusion", "alienation” and "suspension". The subthemes were "support", "being divorced", "social inequality" and "nonself-efficiency", "social structures", "legal dysfunction", "injury for health", "rejection", "gender identity threat"," social identity threat", "to strengthen the intellectual base" and "isolation".   Conclusion: Following the divorce of a woman, many challenges encounters. The participants’ most important explored concerns were sex discrimination, isolation and exclusion in post-divorce life.  }, Keywords = {Divorce, Post-divorce experienced life, Women, Qualitative study}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {13-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3367-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3367-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Shams, Lida and Mahmoudi, Saeid and Maleki, Mohammad Reza and Ameli, Elham and Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam}, title = {Educational service quality of Tehran University of Medical Sciences: the students’ perspective}, abstract ={  Background: Quantitative expansion of higher education, regardless of quality, will have negative consequences. Students are the main customers of universities and learning about their perception and expectations of the educational system can provide valuable insight for planners to promote education quality. This study aims to examine quality gaps in educational services by perceptions and expectations of students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.   Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed 2010 in Tehran, Iran. The study population consisted of all students in various majors in Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. A multistage sampling method was carried out. First, a sample of students was selected as Stratified Random Sampling from three schools, and then 198 students were selected. The study questionnaire was the SERVQUAL standard questionnaire.   Results: Students' expectations in all aspects were higher than the current status. The total mean score of Students' expectation and perception was 4.02 and 2.63, respectively. There were significant differences between perception and expectation (p< 0.0001). The highest and lowest negative gap score was related to responsibility (-1.64) and assurance dimensions (-1.14), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it is proposed that a project to be implemented for fault findings to identifying the barriers and challenges related to quality of education. Enhancing the communication skills of teaching staff and effective communication with students by organizing training courses could be among other applicable strategies}, Keywords = {Educational Service Quality, Students, Gap, SERVQUAL}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3368-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3368-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {NouriSaeidlou, Sakineh and Babaei, Fariba and Ayremlou, Parvi}, title = {Prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Salmas, and comparing to Ravansar and Samirom}, abstract ={Background: Background: Malnutrition is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality of children. Malnourished children more than healthy children are at risk of illness and death. About 60%t of the more than 7 million deaths in children under 5 years has been attributed to the malnutrition. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in the city Salamas compared with Ravansar and Samirom cities. Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study which was conducted to determine the nutritional status of children under age of 5 in three Salamas, Ravansar and Samirom cities using ENA. The study was performed from 16th until 30th October, 2011 with the cooperation of the Office of Community Nutrition Improvement and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The data were entered to ENA software and according to WHO index, percentages of children with malnutrition (underweight, wasting, stunting) were calculated. Chi-square test was used for assess relationship between variables and with significant level of 0.05. Data analysis was by SPSS software V. 20. Results: In Salmas, the rate of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 2.3%, 7.3% and 1.4% respectively. Wasting rate in boys was higher than girls and stunting and underweight rates in girls higher than boys but differences were not significant. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in rural areas was higher than in urban areas, and this difference was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among girls and boys in the Samirom city was more than the other two regions. The underweight and wasting in Salmas city were less than the other two cities, while after Samirom city had higher stunting prevalence for both sexes}, Keywords = {Malnutrition, Under 5 years children, Prevalence}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3369-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3369-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gandomkar, Amin and Eslami, Mansour and Hosseininejad, Seyed Esmaeil and Jahedi, Vahi}, title = {Effect of unstable shoes on lower extremity joint power during stance phase of running}, abstract ={  Background: Nowadays, unstable shoes have been developed in motor activities among people. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of unstable shoes on lower extremity joints power during stance phase of running.   Methods: In this semi experimental study, 30 subjects (age of 21±2.27 years, mass of 72.3±8.84 kg, height of 176.9±5.39 cm) ran in barefoot, unstable and control shoe conditions. Kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded with video camera and force plate. Joint power was calculated via dot product of the joint’s moment and angular velocity of the joint. A 2 way repeated measure variances performed to test the hypothesis using SPSS software (version 20, p<0.05).   Results: Ankle joint negative power was reduced significantly during unstable shoe running compared to control shoe (p=0.02, 49%) and barefoot conditions (p=0.02, 35%). However there were no significant difference between shoes in hip joint. Negative power in knee joint was increased significantly in running with unstable shoe compared to hip (665%) and ankle joints (242%).   Conclusion: Our findings showed that use of unstable shoes may lead to decrease in controlling capacity of shank muscles and active stability in ankle joint. Unstable shoe with increase of ankle positive power compared to barefoot running, could improve the produced force capacity in quadriceps group muscles.  }, Keywords = {Joint power, Unstable shoe, Running}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {44-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3371-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3371-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Kowsarian, Mehrnoush and Roshan, Payam and Karami, Hosein and Jalali, Hosei}, title = {Carrier frequency of three common G6PD gene mutations in neonates in province of Mazandaran, North of Iran, 2012}, abstract ={  Background: Affecting more than 400 million people worldwide, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in the world. In Northern provinces of Iran high rates of incidence of the disease have been reported (8.7% to16.4% of the whole population) and most of these patients carry one of the three common G6PD gene mutations: Mediterranean, Chatham or Cosenza. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of each of these mutations among neonates in Mazandaran – a Northern Province of Iran.   Methods: Four hundred and twelve blood samples were collected and using standard protocols DNA was extracted. In order to detect the above mutations PCR-RFLP method was applied.   Results: Fifty three of neonates had G6PD gene mutation (12.9%). About 17% of female and 9% of male newborns were carriers for one of the three common G6PD gene mutations. The Mediterranean type had the highest gene frequency (0.0607) among the three examined mutations.   Conclusion: Our study shows around 17% of Mazandarani female population is carrier for one the three common mutations, and since the likelihood of having an affected child in a carrier woman is 1 in every 4 child births, we recommended all women to be screened for the presence of three common G6PD gene mutations prior to pregnancy in order to estimate the possibility of having an affected child and preparation for management of the disease.   }, Keywords = {G6PD enzyme deficiency, Gene mutation, Polymorphism, Mediterranean mutation, Chatham mutation, Cosenza mutation, Iran}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {54-60}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3372-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3372-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kuhpayehzadeh, Jalil and HafeziMoghadam, Peyman and Imanizadeh, Zahra and Danesh, Hosein and Daryazadeh, Saeideh}, title = {Effect of communication skills over emergency department personnel in verbal and physical violence event}, abstract ={  Background: Emergency personnel in hospitals are at high risk of exposure to violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of communication skills education to emergency personnel in terms of verbal and physical violence.   Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and for implementing this project, all of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Akram Hospital emergency department personnel (Nurses, secretaries and helping healthcare workers and guards) participated in one of the two consecutive educational classes at a distance of one month. The incidence of violence during before and after education was measured using a researcher made questionnaire which was completed by the personnel. The results were compared using Wilcoxon test.   Results: Following education, average of verbal violence was reduced from 5.8 to 5.1 and from standard deviation 2.67 to 2.11 (p= 0.135). Also Average of physical violence was reduced from 1.8 to 1.4 and from standard deviation 2.11 to 2.33. (p= 0.165). Both physical and verbal violence’s following the educational course decreased, although was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The incidence of physical and verbal violence’s decreased after the educational course, but was not significant}, Keywords = {Education, Communication Skills, Violence, Emergency}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {61-68}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3373-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3373-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zandkarim, Eghbal i and AfshariSafavi, Alirez}, title = {Comparison of artificial neural network predictive power with multiple logistic regressions to determine patients with and without diabetic retinopathy}, abstract ={  Background: Diabetes mellitus is a high prevalent disease among the population, and if not controlled, it causes complications and irreparable damage to the eye and cause blindness. This study goal is to investigate the predictive power of multiple logistic regression model and the Artificial Neural Network Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) in determining patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.    Methods: Of 16,000 diabetic cases from Kermanshah diabetic center a sample including 150 cases and 150 controls were enrolled. Demographic data, BMI, FBS, Hba1c, blood pressure, cholesterol (TC) and duration of disease, smoking status, and age of patient, and health records were collected into two separate checklists. For identifying risk factors, and artificial neural network models multiple logistic regression was fitted to the data and the Rock charts was used to compare the predictive power of the models. Also sensitivity and specificity were analyzed together with the standards of both models (ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity) and superior model was introduced.   Results: The predictive power of logistic regression and MLP were 73.0 and 83.0, respectively. The MLP model features (80%) and sensitivity (85%) were higher. Variables of FBS (p=0.029), BMI (p<0.0001), age (p<0.0001) duration of diabetes (p<0.0001) in the logistic regression model, the variables of age, FBS, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, TC according to the Wrapper, the predictive power of 83% in MLP were significant.   Conclusion: In this study, the MLP model showed more power to identify diabetic retinopathy patients from those without retinopathy. Thus, in communities that case and control groups have high affinity (like this study), discovering the difference needs a more powerful method such as artificial neural network MLP. This method is recommended for medical research.  }, Keywords = {Logistic regression, Artificial neural network multilayer perceptron, Type II diabetes, Retinopathy, ROC curve}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {69-80}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3374-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3374-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Vahabi, Nasim and Salehi, Masoud and Azarbar, Ali and Zayeri, Farid and Kholdi, Nahi}, title = {Application of multilevel model for assessing the affected factors on failure to thrive in children less than two years old}, abstract ={  Background: Failure to thrive (FTT) is delay or suspension during a child growth and not dealing with this disorder may lead to more serious consequences like increased mortality, emerging other relevant diseases, reduced learning capabilities, and mental, emotional, or physical disabilities. This study aimed to identify and investigate factors associated to occurrence of FTT.   Methods: The population of this longitudinal study included children below 2 years old visiting the Health Center of Tehran, from which 1200 infants using two-stage cluster sampling method were selected according to the input criteria. After gathering data on the first two years of these infants’ life, factors associated to FTT using SAS software and multilevel model were analyzed.   Results: Factors associated to diarrhea, infection, teething, nourishment, weaning, and other diseases had significant role in causing FTT from which the cause of diarrhea was the most likely factor. In addition, the model’s random section became significant. Conclusion: As is clear from the results, both organic and inorganic factors contribute to occurrence of this disorder. Given the significant random effects, the known causes and factors alone are not enough for prediction of FTT among infants. Genetic and environmental factors may play a role in FTT outbreak as well}, Keywords = {Longitudinal data, Multilevel model, Failure to Thrive}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {81-89}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3375-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3375-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Modarreszadeh, Mehdi and Astaraki, Arezoo}, title = {The pathophysiology and treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment}, abstract ={  Background: The pathophysiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has remained a challenging subject in ophthalmology. The aim of this study was evaluating the leading causes and treatment options of RRD.   Methods: The study was performed by a review of 10 years (2004-2014) related literature emerged in PubMed on the pathophysiology and treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).   Results: Retinal attachment is mainly due to two factors, RPE pump and inter photoreceptor matrix (IPM). The crucial factor in the formation of RRD is posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), started by liquefaction then syneresis and completed by gel contracture. If the PVD causes a symptomatic tear, RD ensues in up to 90% of eyes. PVD may not be detectable preoperatively and it must be detected during the operation by using triamcinolone acetonide (TA), indocyanin green (ICG) or Brilliant Blue (BBG). Conclusion: The main factor for developing RRD is PVD (traction). Essential treatments of RRD include traction neutralization (SB or pneumatic retinopexy) or elimination of traction using Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The less used method is Pneumatic retinopexy}, Keywords = {Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), Sclera buckling (SB), Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {90-95}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3376-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Zabihiyeganeh, Mozhdeh and Khiabani, Elnaz and Nojomi, Marzieh and Jahed, Seyed Adel}, title = {Effect of vitamin D on widespread pain index of fibromyalgia patients}, abstract ={  Background: Various studies have reported hypovitaminosis D in Fibromyalgia patients. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplements on widespread pain index of fibromyalgia patients.   Methods: The present study was performed from October 2012 to February 2014 in Rheumatology Clinic of Firoozgar Hospital. A total of 74 patients diagnosed as fibromyalgia according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR 2010) criteria who had hypovitaminosis D were selected. Patients were randomized to two groups. Group A received oral vitamin D 50000IU weekly plus trazodone 25 mg at bedtime and group B received trazodone 25 mg at bedtime only.   The patients were evaluated at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks post treatment. At each visit physical examination for tender points and 25 (OH) D level measurement were performed.   Results: About 68.5% of patients with fibromyalgia had hypovitaminosis D. The mean 25(OH) D was 12.4±6.9 ng/ml (11.4±6.5 ng/ml and 13.4±7.3 ng/ml in group A and group B, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline. Comparison between widespread pain index (WPI) scores before and after treatment showed a significant improvement in both groups, 12.2±2.4 at baseline to 4.5±2.5 at week 8 in group A vs. 13.5±3.4 to 8±4.8 in group B. Patients receiving vitamin D showed more improvement than those receiving trazodone only, mean WPI score differences of 7.8±2.8 vs. 5.5±4 respectively, p=0.007.   Conclusion: The present study indicated that treating hypovitaminosis D may improve WPI in Fibromyalgia patients.  }, Keywords = {Hypovitaminosis D, Fibromyalgia, Trazodone, Widespread pain}, volume = {21}, Number = {124}, pages = {96-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3378-en.html}, eprint = {http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3378-en.pdf}, journal = {Razi Journal of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2228-7043}, eissn = {2228-7051}, year = {2014} }